The invention discloses a multi-target distribution and flight path planning method for multiple rescue helicopters, which relates to the technical field of aviation emergency rescue. The method comprises the steps of evaluating aviation rescue task execution feasibility, conducting disaster area map image processing, obtaining a feasibility matrix through the evaluation of the rescue task execution feasibility, taking the feasibility matrix as a coefficient matrix for a solution matrix Xij, solving distribution results according to tasks of different quantities of the rescue helicopters and target points through a Hungary algorithm, obtaining a flight path solution space by extracting a safety zone topological structure by adopting an image processing method and morphological characteristics, obtaining the shortest path in the flight path solution space by a heuristic A* search algorithm, combining the results of multi-target distribution for multiple rescue helicopters, forming an emergency plan for rescue task execution of the helicopters, and calling a Google Earth flight simulation API (Application Program Interface) to demonstrate the emergency rescue plan and making preflight preparation, so as to improve the efficiency and safety of the aviation emergency rescue. The method is simple, the time complexity is low, the flight path planning process is visual, and the result is distinct.