The invention relates to a method of mouse spontaneous behavior motion monitoring and posture image recognition, which designs an algorithm for recognizing three key points of a mouse mouth part, a mass center and a tail root part and establishes the corresponding recognition program. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining the object mouse; secondly, determining the mass center, the mouth part and the tail root part; thirdly, obtaining the motion track information; fourthly, judging the mouse inclines or not according to the result obtained by the step 2, entering the step 6 if inclining, or else entering the step 5; fifthly, detailing three statuses of squat, normal status, and extending through the posture ratio, and finishing; sixthly, detailing the inclining posture and finishing. The invention can accurately describe the motion status of the mouse, primarily realizes the posture recognition of the mouse, and riches the obtainable information of an automatic monitoring system.