Patents
Literature
Patsnap Eureka AI that helps you search prior art, draft patents, and assess FTO risks, powered by patent and scientific literature data.

311results about "Music" patented technology

Performance data visualization method and system

The invention relates to the field of playing data visualization, in particular to a playing data visualization method and system. The method comprises the steps that at least one section of pedal data of at least one pedal is obtained, and the pedal data comprises a pedal value and a time stamp of the pedal value; generating at least one section of labeling track according to the pedal data; wherein the labeling track comprises a first simulation track and a second simulation track; correspondingly, the method comprises the steps that when the pedal value is larger than a first pedal threshold value, a first simulation track is generated according to the pedal value, and the first simulation track is displayed in a first labeling form; when the pedal value is larger than a second pedal threshold value and smaller than or equal to the first pedal threshold value, a second simulation track is generated according to the pedal value, and the second simulation track is displayed in a second labeling form; and generating a combined track according to the at least one section of labeled track, and displaying the combined track on the music score. According to the invention, the smoothness and integrity of pedal data display can be improved, and the user experience is optimized.
Owner:GRANMUS STAFF TECHNOLOGIES (CHONGQING) CO LTD

Piano foot pedal system

The present application relates to the technical field of piano, in particular to a piano pedal system, comprising an external unit and an additional unit; the external unit comprises: an external pedal module comprising at least one external pedal; a data acquisition module for acquiring the pedal data of the external pedal; a height adjustment module comprising a driving mechanism and two supporting mechanisms, the driving mechanism comprising a driving motor, a driving gear fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor and two driving racks, the two driving racks being oppositely engaged on both sides of the driving gear, the supporting mechanisms being one-to-one arranged with the driving racks, the supporting mechanisms being connected between the driving racks and the external pedal module, the driving racks driving the supporting mechanisms to stretch or retract to realize the height adjustment of the external pedal module; the additional unit is used for stepping on the corresponding piano pedal according to the pedal data. The present application can be applied to different types and models of pianos and improve the accuracy and convenience of the height adjustment of the pedal.
Owner:GRANMUS STAFF TECHNOLOGIES (CHONGQING) CO LTD

Adaptive computerized music teaching system and method

Aspects of embodiments pertain to a method for determining an Input / Output (I / O) device configuration for a music teaching system. The method may comprise receiving a plurality of I / O device configurations of a music teaching system; receiving, for a given I / O device of the music teaching system, an initial I / O device configuration; and determining an updated I / O device configuration for the given I / O Device, based on the initial I / O device configuration of the given I / O Device and at least one of the plurality of received I / O device configurations. The determining is performed such that the updated I / O device configuration has improved device performance compared to the initial I / O device configuration.
Owner:SIMPLY LTD

Multi-dimensional scoring auxiliary system and method in piano teaching

The invention relates to the technical field of piano teaching and computers, discloses a multi-dimensional scoring auxiliary system and method in piano teaching, and aims to solve the problems that existing piano teaching is single in evaluation dimension, one-sided in data acquisition and lagged in feedback. According to the method, a five-dimensional scoring model covering rhythm, strength, timbre, posture and fingering is constructed by synchronously collecting a key triggering time sequence, an audio frequency spectrum, limb posture and finger joint tracks, and quantitative scores are output through time alignment, feature extraction and neural network fusion calculation. The system comprises a key sensing module, an audio acquisition module, a posture capture module, a score calculation module and an AR visual feedback module, and supports teaching suggestion generation, historical trend analysis, difficulty self-adaption and multi-person comparison functions. Through multi-modal data closed-loop evaluation and intelligent intervention, the teaching accuracy and individuation level are remarkably improved, and scientific quantification and efficient improvement of the piano playing ability are achieved.
Owner:JILIN NORMAL UNIV

Music teaching method and system based on vocal music live classroom

The invention discloses a music teaching method and system based on a vocal music live classroom, and relates to the technical field of music teaching, and the method comprises the steps: respectively collecting audio signals of a teacher end and a student end in the vocal music live classroom, carrying out the preprocessing, and generating frame-level acoustic feature vectors of teachers and students; based on frame-level acoustic feature vectors of teachers and students, generating a mapping feature vector, category probability and an adversarial sample set through mapping, domain discrimination and a CTC model, constructing a total loss function in combination with a loss function value of the model, and performing iterative optimization, gradient fixed-point rounding and feedback of model parameters; according to the invention, through constructing the total loss function, introducing the gradient inversion layer and the gradient fixed-point rounding mechanism, combining the three-state HMM state path and calculating the pronunciation quality logarithm score, the robustness and precision of student pronunciation evaluation in a vocal music live broadcast teaching scene are significantly improved, and thus a high-resolution teaching feedback basis is provided for teachers.
Owner:MUDANJIANG NORMAL UNIV

Pedal control method and system

The invention relates to the technical field of piano pedal control, in particular to a pedal control method and system, the method is applied to a pedal system, the pedal system comprises an external unit and an additional unit, the external unit comprises an external pedal module, and the additional unit comprises a pedal driving module. The treading driving module is used for treading corresponding piano pedals according to the treading data; the external unit comprises a first external unit; correspondingly, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first external data source through a first external unit; generating a first analog signal according to the first external data source by adopting a first screening rule; the method comprises the steps that whether a pedal value is larger than a preset first treading threshold value or not is judged; if yes, identifying the pedal value as a to-be-simulated data source; generating a first analog signal according to the to-be-simulated data source; the first analog signal is transmitted to a treading driving module, and the treading driving module responds to the first analog signal to drive a piano pedal. According to the invention, the efficiency of practicing the pedaling technology by the user can be greatly improved.
Owner:GRANMUS STAFF TECHNOLOGIES (CHONGQING) CO LTD

Method and system for inserting pedal data in playing file

The invention relates to the technical field of automatic pedal accompaniment, in particular to a method and system for inserting pedal data in a playing file. The method comprises the following steps: identifying change nodes generating chord changes in a music score file; selecting at least one change node as a first insertion node; acquiring pedal data corresponding to the first insertion node, and identifying adjacent basic information of the first insertion node as an index array; searching a matching event group matched with the index array in the playing file; setting a second insertion node in the playing file according to the position of the matching event group; and inserting the pedal data into the second insertion node. Automatic pedal accompaniment can be provided for a user, the problem that part of players cannot step on pedals in the playing process is solved, meanwhile, the requirement that part of players want to quote pedal data of other people for accompaniment can be met, and therefore the playing difficulty is greatly reduced, and the playing effect is improved.
Owner:GRANMUS STAFF TECHNOLOGIES (CHONGQING) CO LTD

Data set display method, system, equipment and medium

The invention relates to the field of piano intelligent display, in particular to a data set display method, system and device and a medium. The music score data comprises one or more of the following: standard time values, standard strength, standard fingering and standard pitches corresponding to the plurality of notes; the playing data of the user are obtained, the playing data of the user comprise data sets at multiple moments, and the data sets comprise one or more of the following data: time value data, force data, fingering data and pitch data; judging whether at least one data group is matched with the corresponding music score data or not; if yes, correlation comparison is carried out on the music score data and the matched data set, and the difference degree is calculated; and displaying the music score, and displaying the associated data group in a region corresponding to the notes. According to the playing data display method provided by the invention, visual optimization can be realized on the basis of ensuring the integrity of playing parameters.
Owner:GRANMUS STAFF TECHNOLOGIES (CHONGQING) CO LTD

Voice auditory language training method and system based on artificial intelligence

The invention relates to the field of language training, and discloses a voice auditory language training method and system based on artificial intelligence, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a preset language training scheme of a trainee, controlling a voice collection device to carry out pre-training based on the preset training scheme, and obtaining the actual voice data generated by the trainee in the pre-training process; and determining a preset voice model which the trainee should reach in the training process, evaluating the pronunciation quality of the trainee according to the actual voice data and the preset voice model, and generating a first evaluation result or a second evaluation result. According to the method and the device, a personalized training adjustment scheme can be generated for each trainee by acquiring the actual voice data of the trainee and comparing and analyzing the actual voice data with the preset voice model, the pronouncing characteristics of each trainee are considered in the scheme, accurate optimization can be carried out according to the difference of the pronouncing quality, and the training pertinence is enhanced.
Owner:WUHAN CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC

Playback system for synchronizing audiovisual works

A playback system is provided for altering the frame rate of streaming digital movie data for synchronizing with audio data recording to create a synchronized audiovisual work. The system can have a video that is synchronized with the variations in the tempo of the audio data through a variable timing reference track designed and provided for a user, wherein the designing of the variable timing reference track includes creating a tempo map having variable tempos, rhythms, and beats using notes from the audio data.
Owner:JAMMIT INC

System

An object of a system according to an embodiment is to accurately identify the pitch of a sound and provide visual and auditory feedback.SOLUTION: A system includes a sound recognition and analysis unit, a visual display unit, and an auditory feedback unit. The sound recognition and analysis unit identifies the pitch of the sound using the generated AI. The visual display unit visually displays the pitch of the sound identified by the sound recognition and analysis unit. The auditory feedback unit aurally feeds back the pitch of the sound specified by the sound recognition and analysis unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Owner:SOFTBANK GROUP CORP

Electronic keyboard with enhanced display

Systems and processors associated with an electronic keyboard are described. An example system includes an electronic keyboard with a threshold number of keys extending across a first width; and a display positioned above the electronic keyboard, the display extending at least as wide as the first width. The display provides real-time visual prompts aligned with each key, including the partially covered edge keys, and hosts an Al-driven user interface. A camera may capture a player's posture, hand position, gaze, and facial expressions. Transformer-based models may process inputs to generate adaptive feedback, emotion-aware coaching, and / or gamified scoring. Haptic key actuators, synchronized LEDs, and audio cues reinforce the feedback, while on-device encrypted inference and differential-privacy may filter and secure all biometric data.
Owner:POLARO INC

Classified training method and system for sound spitting speed and definition of clarinet

PendingCN120954290AMusicSimulationSelf adaptive
The invention discloses a classification training method and system for sound spitting speed and definition of clarinet, and relates to the technical field of clarinet training. The rhythm signal of the player is captured in real time through the high-precision audio sensor, the rhythm speed is dynamically adjusted based on the preset threshold value so as to provide self-adaptive training difficulty, and real-time monitoring data is seamlessly integrated to the intelligent feedback system for generation of a subsequent evaluation report, so that the training efficiency is improved. It is ensured that a primary trainee can establish a stable rhythm basis step by step, and human error interference is reduced; a high-precision microphone is adopted to capture playing audios in real time, key feature parameters are automatically extracted through an embedded signal processing algorithm, a training scheme is optimized in combination with historical records, and it is ensured that a player can visually recognize improvement points and improve the performance ability in complex music segments; the breath efficiency index is calculated through an embedded algorithm, and the output of the audio recording and analyzing module is combined to generate personalized breath optimization suggestions, so that the breath control precision in playing is improved.
Owner:吴宏伟

Music teaching touch equipment for blind people

The invention discloses a music teaching touch device for blind people, which comprises a supporting seat and a teaching touch seat, and a plurality of dynamic dot matrix seats are arranged on the teaching touch seat in an array. Three rows and two columns of flexible pads are arranged at the top of each dynamic dot matrix base to form a Braille display matrix, and an electromagnetic plunger assembly is arranged below each dynamic dot matrix base to independently drive each dot position to protrude and reset, so that dynamic display of music Braille and graphs is achieved. The bottom of the dynamic dot matrix seat is connected through a silica gel bowl, and a conducting strip is arranged in the bowl and can be in contact with a corresponding conducting material on a circuit board in the teaching touch seat. When a user presses the dynamic dot matrix seat displaying specific notes, pitch sounding of the notes is triggered. According to the invention, the dynamic tactile display function and the pressing input function are integrated, so that refreshing and interactive learning of the braille music score are realized, and a multi-mode feedback closed loop is realized through tactile sense, auditory sense and operation.
Owner:URUMQI VOCATIONAL UNIV

Aerophone instrument using air-filled object

An apparatus for assembling an aerophone instrument including an air conduit with first and second ends and segments to provide an air passage; air inlets on the air conduit to create an air entry point for compressed air to be delivered into the air passage, air outlets on the air conduit to create an air exit point for the release of compressed air along the air pathways, each defined by the position of an air inlet and the position of an air outlets along the air conduit. An air-filled object is positioned to be operatively associated with the air conduit. Compressed air is deliverable to the air conduit through the air inlets, causing an area of a wall of the air-filled object to vibrate and causing compressed air to vibrate in the air passage compressed air exits the air conduit from the air outlets.
Owner:ORB MUSIC INC

Vocal music breath practice device for music teaching and learning

The invention relates to the technical field of music teaching and learning vocal music breath practicing, in particular to a music teaching and learning vocal music breath practicing device which comprises a base and further comprises an air channel a, the air channel a is formed in the base, a connecting sleeve a is fixedly connected to an upper side plate of the base, three threaded sleeves a are fixedly connected to the interior of the upper side plate of the base and internally engaged with a lower side plate of a suspension pipe, and the upper side plate of the suspension pipe is fixedly connected with the air channel a. A suspension ball is slidably connected into the suspension pipe. Suspension pipes are meshed in the threaded sleeves b, the threaded sleeves b are transversely, evenly and fixedly connected to the lower side of the connecting plate, the air filtering cylinder is connected through the connecting sleeves a and the connecting sleeves b, the suspension pipes are connected through the threaded sleeves b and the threaded sleeves a, and by arranging a connecting column and a handle, the device can be conveniently held by hand, and the device can be conveniently placed; a learner can conveniently use fragmented time to improve the breath control ability, the device is assembled through a plurality of modules, the device is convenient to carry, and then the exercise time and place are not limited.
Owner:LANZHOU PETROCHEMICAL VOCATIONAL & TECH UNIV

A child intelligence building block capable of playing multiple natural sounds and music

The present application relates to a kind of children's smart building blocks that can play multiple natural sound and music, belong to building block technical field, including multiple natural sound building block parts, for controlling scale and pitch;Bottom plate piece, for installing natural sound building block parts, when multiple natural sound building block parts are installed on bottom plate piece, bottom plate piece emits corresponding musical melody according to the order and quantity of natural sound building block parts.The present application will be audio, image, story of music part theory;The shape of building block is puppy, frog, bee, small flower, pine, bird, star, through harmonic and seven natural sound one-to-one correspondence, children contact music when building building block through "shape+harmonic" mode, use harmonic to strengthen scale memory, after use, corresponding natural organism will imitate and sing corresponding scale, so as to strengthen memory again.
Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV

User Device Utilizing Multidimensional Coordinate Objects

Various implementations directed to price time priority queue for a multi-dimension map tile device repository are provided. In one implementation, a method may include receiving origin location data and destination location data. The method may also include generating data networks based on the optimized origin location data and the destination location data. The method may further include determining data hubs along the transmission or transit route and network, where the virtual hubs include a first virtual hub based on the origin location data and a second virtual hub based on the destination location data. The method may additionally include receiving IoT device data for the geolocation exchange units. In addition, the method may include receiving market depth data for a geolocation exchange for the geolocation exchange units based on the multi-dimension map tile repository nodal sequences.
Owner:CIRCLESX LLC

Information processing device and information processing method

PCT designated stageWO2026121094A1Electrophonic musical instrumentsMusic
This information processing device comprises a control unit. The control unit: acquires sensing data representing a nuance of a beat in a musical piece; generates, on the basis of the sensing data, a drive signal for a vibration device that causes a user to perceive the nuance of the beat as a sense of rhythm through vibration stimulation; mixes the drive signal and musical piece data of the musical piece so that the drive signal and the musical piece data can be synchronously output; and outputs the mixed musical piece data with vibration to the user.
Owner:SONY GROUP CORP

Visual piano teaching aid and control system thereof

The invention discloses a visual piano teaching aid and a control system thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pianos. The visual piano teaching aid comprises a piano body, the piano body comprises a transparent soundboard cover plate, a transparent soundboard, a transparent keyboard cover plate and a transparent music stand plate; the transparent soundboard cover plate, the transparent soundboard, the transparent keyboard cover plate and the transparent music stand plate are all made of optical-grade materials with the light transmittance larger than or equal to 60% and used for replacing non-transparent parts corresponding to the piano, and therefore the internal mechanical structure of the piano is visualized. According to the system, the complete visualization of the internal mechanical structure of the piano is realized through the high-transparency component with the light transmittance being greater than or equal to 60%, and unprecedented visual experience is brought to piano teaching. A learner can clearly observe a hammer string striking process corresponding to each key, a precise linkage mechanism of a string striking machine and a vibration transmission path of a soundboard, and the visual teaching mode can help the learner to deeply understand a sounding principle and key touch skills of a piano.
Owner:ZHUHAI SHENGHAN CULTURE & ART CO LTD

Preschool music score reading board

The utility model provides a preschool music score recognition plate, which relates to the preschool education field, and comprises a storage box, a score recognition plate body is movably connected on the storage box, a plurality of staves are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the score recognition plate body, note blocks are arranged in the storage box, a plurality of iron sheets are arranged in the score recognition plate body, and the note blocks are arranged in the storage box. Each iron sheet is correspondingly located below the corresponding staff, the buckle is fixedly arranged on one side of the storage box, the clamping hook is fixedly arranged on one side of the staff identifying plate body, and the buckle and the clamping hook are connected in a clamped mode; according to the scheme, a user can place a plurality of note blocks on the stave according to needs, and the note blocks are movably placed, so that the user can arrange different note blocks on the stave according to the order according to the stave, the learning content of preschool music can be flexibly adjusted, and the manipulative ability and learning interest of children are improved.
Owner:QINGDAO HENGXING UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Virtual seven-stringed plucked instrument practice system

The invention discloses a virtual seven-stringed plucked instrument practice system, belongs to the technical field of virtual simulation training, and solves the technical problems of sensing error interference and lack of pertinence and individuation of guidance in existing virtual seven-stringed plucked instrument practice. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a feedback output module. Hand motion sensing data are collected through a data glove, consistency deviation generated by equipment factors and posture deviation generated by user operation are extracted, user types are divided by combining the difference degree of a playing effect and a standard effect and posture deviation characteristics, consistency deviation compensation or compensation and posture correction is executed in a classified mode, and the user performance is improved. Personalized standard hand shape adaptation, dynamic adjustment of a judgment threshold value, deviation pre-judgment and reverse optimization of acquisition sensitivity can also be realized, and a feedback module synchronously outputs virtual images and sound feedback. According to the invention, the accuracy of the sensing data is improved, personalized and real-time Guqin practice guidance is realized, and the Guqin practice experience and practice efficiency are effectively optimized.
Owner:SUZHOU EXPLORE CULTURE TECH CO LTD

Information processing system, electronic musical instrument, information processing method, and machine learning system

An information processing system has: a performance data acquisition section that acquires performance data indicating performance of a musical piece by a user; a tendency determination section that generates tendency data indicating a tendency of performance by the user by inputting the performance data acquired by the performance data acquisition section to a trained model that has learned a relationship between learning performance data indicating performance of a musical piece and learning tendency data indicating a tendency of performance indicated by the learning performance data; and an exercise phrase determination section that determines an exercise phrase corresponding to the tendency data generated by the tendency determination section.
Owner:YAMAHA CORP

Passive haptic training system and methods

Exemplary systems and wearable haptic device systems are disclosed for training a user to improve perception or discrimination. An exemplary system can be used to train a user to play a musical instrument, such as a piano, in passive training sessions via a wearable haptic device. The exemplary wearable haptic device can be integrated with sensors and in operative communication with a passive haptic learning system (e.g., cloud-based infrastructure) that is configured to generate, update, and / or modify tactile training data for generating tactile outputs at the wearable haptic device.
Owner:GEORGIA TECH RES CORP

Music playing posture real-time reminding system based on visual capture

The invention relates to the technical field of computer vision, and discloses a music playing posture real-time reminding system based on visual capture, which solves the problem that the position of a camera is difficult to flexibly adjust according to different musical instrument types, player heights and training key points at present, and comprises a base, and a bracket is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the base; a first adjusting mechanism is arranged at the top of the base, a second adjusting mechanism is arranged on the first adjusting mechanism, the first adjusting mechanism comprises a screw fixed to the top of the base, a lifting cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the screw, a top plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the lifting cylinder, two guide rods are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate, and two guide holes are symmetrically formed in the top end of the screw. The two guide rods are inserted into the two guide holes correspondingly, and a driving motor is fixedly installed at the top of the top plate. According to the invention, the height of the camera can be conveniently adjusted, so that the position of the camera can be flexibly adjusted according to different musical instrument types, heights of players and training key points.
Owner:ZHEJIANG ART VOCATIONAL COLLEGE

Fingering display device, training device, fingering display method, and training method

To provide a fingering presentation device, training device, fingering presentation method, and training method for presenting fingering positions when playing a musical instrument.SOLUTION: In a presented fingering presentation device 100 comprising a training device 10 and a fingering indication device 20, the fingering indication device includes a reception unit and an estimation unit. The reception unit receives time-series data including a sequence of multiple musical notes and a performer identifier indicating a performer who plays the sequence of musical notes. The estimation unit estimates musical note information using a trained model. The note information indicates the notes that are objects of fingering to be assigned from the note sequence based on the performer identifier. The trained model is a machine learning model that has learned an input-output relationship between input time-series data including a reference note sequence consisting of multiple notes and a reference performer identifier indicating a reference performer who plays the reference note sequence, and output note information indicating the notes that are objects of the fingering by the reference performer to be assigned from the reference note sequence.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Owner:YAMAHA CORP

A fingering training device for piano teaching

ActiveCN118298696BMusicPianoEngineering
The application provides a fingering training device for piano teaching, and relates to the technical field of piano teaching, which comprises a piano box body, keys and a limiting assembly. The keys are provided in several groups, and the keys are embedded on the upper part of the piano box body and arranged in sequence. The limiting assembly is provided in several groups one-to-one corresponding to the keys, and the limiting assembly is arranged in the piano box body. When two adjacent groups of keys are pressed at the same time, the limiting assembly is used for limiting the two adjacent groups of keys at the same time to prevent the two adjacent groups of keys from moving into the piano box body at the same time. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application can realize the movement limitation of the two groups of keys when the two groups of keys are pressed at the same time, and the movement limitation can realize the fingering training of piano beginners, so that the training effect is good.
Owner:BEIJING UNION UNIVERSITY

Music performance alignment for automated performance evaluation

Music performance alignment techniques for automated performance evaluation are described. Embodiments receive performed note data defining pitches and start times of performed notes while a user performs a music score, and the music score is computationally represented by total score note data defining pitches and start times of total score notes. Performance notes are automatically aligned with respective total-score notes by calculating a maximum likelihood complex hand state sequence for a sequence of time steps, each time step corresponding to a starting moment of a corresponding one of the total-score notes. Evaluation feedback, including qualitative evaluation feedback, is automatically generated by pattern matching note level alignment with an evaluation model. Several embodiments provide additional features, such as automated alignment, evaluation, and feedback in the context of two-hand performance when a user performs a music score.
Owner:MUSIC APP INC

system

The system according to this embodiment aims to provide a comprehensive service, from generating musical scores and providing music instruction to matching members and suggesting performance opportunities. [Solution] The system according to the embodiment comprises a generation unit, a teaching unit, a matching unit, and a suggestion unit. The generation unit reads a song and generates a musical score. The teaching unit provides music instruction based on the musical score generated by the generation unit. The matching unit matches members based on the user data provided by the teaching unit. The suggestion unit proposes a performance setting based on the members matched by the matching unit.
Owner:SOFTBANK GROUP CORP

A vocal training adjustable auxiliary device

ActiveCN224344499UPulpitsLecterns
This utility model discloses an adjustable auxiliary device for vocal training, including a shelf body and a telescopic support rod. A music score holder is assembled between the two sides of the shelf body, and a tilt adjustment component is assembled at the bottom of the shelf body. A disassembly assembly is also assembled at the bottom of the tilt adjustment component. The advantages are: this utility model provides a music score holder between the two sides of the shelf body, capable of clamping music scores of different sizes. By using the guide studs of the music score holder to slide along the guide groove and tightening the limiting nuts, the distance between the metal clips on both sides can be adjusted. The method of adjusting the distance between the metal clips on both sides is simple and easy to operate, thus facilitating the clamping and fixing of music scores of different sizes. This allows for adaptive adjustment of the music score holder according to the actual size of the music score used in vocal training, improving its flexibility of use.
Owner:BOHAI UNIV