529 results about "Octave" patented technology

A method of music notation with 7 spaces for the notes of the C major scale, with the remaining notes of the 12 tone scale overlapping these spaces. 5 staff lines per octave can be used to show the position of the accidental notes. Distinct colors are assigned to the 12 notes of the scale. Two distinct groups of colors are used, one for coloring the C major notes, the other for coloring the remaining 5 notes of the scale. The spaces representing Cs are marked with a colored shape at the left of the staff and shaded horizontally across the page. The notes are shapes whose width is proportional to their durations. Aids are placed above and below the staff to indicate hand and finger movements. Assembly kits with visual aids are provided. The colors can be used on conventional notation.

A method for communicating octave pulse signature messages between a wireless virtual transaction terminal and a virtual host system over a wireless telecommunications network that includes a digital traffic channel that transports speech frames and subframes over selected air interface channels, a pulse code modulated circuits that conveys speech frames and subframes through public land mobile networks and publicly switched telecommunications networks. The method comprises compling a communicative message derived from stored conventional alpha numeric characters using conventional human machine interface apparatus, the apparatus may be comprised of personal digital assistant tablet tap screen; generating an octave pulse message at the wireless virtual transaction terminal, the message comprising a plurality of octave pulse resonant signature encoding constructs; and encoding each octave pulse resonant signature with complex harmonic waveforms associated with musical constructs interpreted as musical notation. The method comprises manipulating speech frames and subframes over air interface traffic channels and using pulse code modulated circuits to convey maniupulated speech frames and subframes. Then, a communicative message derived from stored alpha numeric characters is compiled for wireless voice and data communication.

In one example, an apparatus includes a processor configured to extract a first set of one or more keypoints from a first set of blurred images of a first octave of a received image, calculate a first set of one or more descriptors for the first set of keypoints, receive a confidence value for a result produced by querying a feature descriptor database with the first set of descriptors, wherein the result comprises information describing an identity of an object in the received image, and extract a second set of one or more keypoints from a second set of blurred images of a second octave of the received image when the confidence value does not exceed a confidence threshold. In this manner, the processor may perform incremental feature descriptor extraction, which may improve computational efficiency of object recognition in digital images.

A digitised audio signal, such as an amateur's singing, and a digital guide audio signal are supplied to a time alignment process that produces a time-aligned new signal, time-aligned to the guide signal. Pitch along the time-aligned new signal and along the guide signal is measured in processes and which supply these measurement to a pitch adjustment calculator which calculates a pitch correction factor C′s(Fps) from these measurements and the nearest octave ratio of the signals. A pitch changing process modulates the pitch of the time-aligned new signal to produce a time-aligned and pitch adjusted new signal.

Errors in pitch (frequency) allocation within a cochlear implant are corrected in order to provide a significant and profound improvement in the quality of sound perceived by the cochlear implant user. In one embodiment, the user is stimulated with a reference signal, e.g., the tone “A” (440 Hz) and then the user is stimulated with a probe signal, separated from the reference signal by an octave, e.g., high “A” (880 Hz). The user adjusts the location where the probe signal is applied, using current steering, until the pitch of the probe signal, as perceived by the user, matches the pitch of the reference signal, as perceived by the user. In this manner, the user maps frequencies to stimulation locations in order to tune his or her implant system to his or her unique cochlea.

A method for graphically displaying on a display device, a musical note in a range of notes within an octave, in a range of octaves. The method including, determining the display attributes of a reference octave selected from the range of octaves, receiving a musical note, generating a representation of the received musical note using a note position of the received note in an octave and a relative octave position to the reference octave, and sending the representation for graphical display. A system is also disclosed.

A musical sequence is formed on the keypad of a handheld electronic device. The numbered keys on the keypad of the handheld device are mapped directly to corresponding notes in an octave. The sequence of musical notes is entered by depressing at least one numbered key on the keypad and displaying a numerical representation of the sequence on the display screen of the handheld device.

A hybrid fiber cable network includes multiple nodes, each of which receives a first multi-carrier return signal from multiple customers with carrier signals in a first frequency band. In a fiber-hub, one or more first multi-carrier signals are converted into a second multi-carrier signal with carrier signals in a second band. Each information signal modulates a different higher frequency carrier signal in the second signal. A multitude of second multi-carrier signals are converted into optical signals with different optical wavelengths, multiplexed onto an optical fiber, and transmitted to the head-end. The first frequency band is below 200 MHz, preferably from 5 to 50 MHz. The second frequency band is above 200 MHz, preferably between 300 and 1200 MHz to reduce crosstalk due to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Preferably, each second frequency band is no more than one octave wide, and more preferably, no more than one half an octave wide.

Content identification methods for consumer devices determine robust audio fingerprints that are resilient to audio distortions. One method generates signatures representing audio content based on a constant Q-factor transform (CQT). A 2D spectral representation of a 1D audio signal facilitates generation of region based signatures within frequency octaves and across the entire 2D signal representation. Also, points of interest are detected within the 2D audio signal representation and interest regions are determined around selected points of interest. Another method generates audio descriptors using an accumulating filter function on bands of the audio spectrum and generates audio transform coefficients. A response of each spectral band is computed and transform coefficients are determined by filtering, by accumulating derivatives with different lags, and computing second order derivatives. Additionally, time and frequency based onset detection determines audio descriptors at events and enhances descriptors with information related to an event.

The present invention provides a highly directional audio response that is flat over five octaves or more by the use of multiple colinear arrays followed by signal processing. Each of the colinear arrays has a common center, but a different spacing so that it can be used for a different frequency range. The response of the microphones for each spacing are combined and filtered so that when the filtered responses are added, the combined response is flat over the selected frequency range. To improve the response, the output of the microphones for a given array spacing can also be filtered with windowing functions. To receive the response from other directions a "steering" delay may also be introduced in the microphone signals before they are combined. The invention also extends to two and three dimensional arrays.

This invention relates to improved ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar and inverse synthetic aperture radar, capable of simultaneously and independently imaging a plurality of spectral and polarimetric channels covering multiple radio frequency octaves. Advances in technologies relating to signal processing, graphical user interfaces, color representations of multi-spectral radar images, low aerodynamic drag polarimetric SAR antenna systems, and synthetic aperture radar aircraft platforms are some of the advancements disclosed herein.

A method facilitating the learning of music by matching coded note symbols of musical compositions to coded note location and formation identifiers of instruments. Colors, in the preferred embodiment each having a name beginning with one of the letters names of the musical alphabet, are combined with octave group pitch marks, enabling the coding of musical notes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the colors are paired with stylized animal images. These animal images' names are coupled with the color names of the invention via reiteration of the first letter of the names to enhance the remembering of the relationship between color and note. The invention's color coding system is also applied to musical composition structures for easy identification of musical elements such as compositional keys and key signature.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for visualization of music and other sounds. In one embodiment, the twelve notes of an octave are labeled around a circle. When notes are played, the intervals between the notes are visualized by displaying a line between the labels corresponding to the note labels on the circle. In some embodiments, the lines representing the intervals are color coded with a different color for each of the six intervals. In other embodiments, the music and other sounds are visualized upon a helix that allows an indication of absolute frequency to be displayed for each note or sound.

A system and method is provided which suppresses relative intensity noise in a fiber optic gyroscope by taking advantage of the frequency response of erbium fiber. In operation, the gain provided by the erbium fiber is added to the gain of the other components in the feedback loop to provide for stable loop performance up to about 250 kHz. The frequency response of the erbium fiber of about 3 kHz also provides a 6 db per octave roll-off, which, when used in a negative feedback control loop for controlling the current flowing to the gyroscope light source, allows for a relative intensity noise control loop with a bandwidth much greater than 3 kHz; this may be used in high performance gyroscope applications.

This invention provides a novel single-pass and multi-pass synchronized encoder and decoder, performing order(s) of magnitude faster data compression and decompression, at any compression ratio with the higher or the same perceived and measured decompressed image quality in comparison with the best state-of-the-art compression methods, using order(s) of magnitude less system resources (processor complexity, memory size, consumed power, bus bandwith, data latency). These features are achieved using novel direct and inverse non-stationary filters for the recusive octave direct and inverse subband transformation, novel simple context modeling and symbol probability estimation using a minimum number of histograms with the fast adaptation for the sign and the magnitude of the transformation coefficients, a novel accelerated range coder without division operations, and a novel synchronisation of the compressed data.

In order to implement the melody extraction or the automatic clearly more stable or to improve the transcription result, respectively, at the resulting segments or trajectories, respectively, of a melody line gained from a spectrogram of the audio signal a harmony mapping is performed such that a follower segment directly neighboring a reference segment in time direction is virtually shifted in the frequency direction by stages of octave, fifth and / or third in order to examine whether among the resulting lines of the octave, fifth and / or third there is one that fulfills a predetermined condition, like e.g. that the time / spectral representation along this line comprises a minimum which is larger by a certain factor than a minimum that it comprises along the reference segment line, and, if such a line exists, selects the same and actually performs the shifting of the follower segment. This way, errors in melody line determination may be corrected again. By a suitable selection of predetermined conditions for the lines of the octave, fifth and / or third, the direct neighborhood and further possible conditions, a faulty shifting may be prevented.

Methods and apparatus are provided for sending data communications over wireless digital voice communications networks which transmit voice communications in voice frames, each of which contains a digitized segment of a voice communication in a voice frame format. The method including the steps of: encoding the data communication into a plurality of data frames, each of the data frames having the same format as the voice frame format; transmitting the data frames over the wireless digital voice communications network; and decoding the data frames to reconstruct the data communication. The apparatus includes: a processor for encoding the data communication into a plurality of data frames, each of the data frames having the same format as the voice frame format; and a transmitter for transmitting the data frames over the wireless digital voice communications network.

A system and method is provided which suppresses relative intensity noise in a fiber optic gyroscope by taking advantage of the frequency response of erbium fiber. In operation, the gain provided by the erbium fiber is added to the gain of the other components in the feedback loop to provide for stable loop performance up to about 250 kHz. The frequency response of the erbium fiber of about 3 kHz also provides a 6 db per octave roll-off, which, when used in a negative feedback control loop for controlling the current flowing to the gyroscope light source, allows for a relative intensity noise control loop with a bandwidth much greater than 3 kHz; this may be used in high performance gyroscope applications.

A tone control device applied to an electronic wind instrument realizes an octave-changeover-blowing technique in which the same note is produced with different octaves respectively by use of the same fingering state, thus increasing controllable ranges with regard to the tone volume, tone color, and tone pitch. A plurality of flow sensors are arranged in proximity to an edge with which a jet flow caused by blowing air into a blow hole of a lip plate collides within a tube of a wind instrument controller simulating an air-reed instrument. The flow sensors are horizontally arranged to detect a jet width, thus controlling the tone volume; and the flow sensors are vertically arranged to detect a jet eccentricity or a jet thickness, thus controlling the tone color. Ascending or descending of the tone pitch by octaves is controlled by use of the flow sensor and a jet length sensor.

The invention discloses a spatial spectrum attention hyperspectral image classification method based on Octave convolution, and solves the problems of large class spacing, small different class spacing and low classification accuracy in the prior art. The scheme is as follows: inputting images to be classified and preprocessing data, dividing a training set and a test set, constructing an Octave convolutional neural network, determining a loss function of the Octave convolutional neural network, training and updating the Octave convolutional neural network, testing the data of the test set, and completing hyperspectral image classification. According to the method, Octave convolution operation is used to reinforce feature representation, and a spatial attention mechanism and a spectral attention mechanism are introduced, so that the network can more accurately find an area which is more beneficial to classification and contains more comprehensive and detailed information. The method ishigh in classification precision and strong in robustness, and can be applied to analysis and management of hyperspectral image data.

The invention relates to a broadband low-phase noise frequency synthesizer without a frequency divider based on harmonic mixing. The frequency synthesizer comprises a harmonic extraction module, a phase-locked loop, a direct frequency digital synthesizer and a reference source. The harmonic extraction module is used for extracting multiple-harmonic components of the reference source; appropriate components are elected and provided for an interpolation mixer; meanwhile, a reference clock of the direct frequency digital synthesizer is provided. The phase-locked loop is used for locking output signals and reference signals of a voltage-controlled oscillator. A feedback loop of the phase-locked loop comprises a frequency mixer which is used for guaranteeing broadband frequency outputting. By adopting the broadband low-phase noise frequency synthesizer without the frequency divider based on harmonic mixing, the broadband output frequency range of over one octave can be realized; the frequency divider is thoroughly omitted in the feedback loop, so that phase noise is reduced greatly; the frequency synthesizer supports wide bands and can be applied to a signal source, a frequency spectrograph and other high-performance measuring instruments, thereby having a wider application range.

A musical notation system is provided wherein equal sized pitch intervals are represented by equal sized vertical displacements on a musical staff irrespective of the key or transportation of a musical sequence. A clef symbol and diatonic scale indicators are used to indicate the positions of diatonic pitches on the staff. A moveable Do solfa system is preferred so that musical sequences remain unchanged under transposition. The staff is easily adaptable to display various equal tempered (ET) subdivisions of the octave including 12-ET, 17-ET and 19-ET tuning systems. A system of chord notation and an isomorphic transposing keyboard is also described and claimed.

A method for sensing touch inputs to a digital equipment is provided, comprising the steps of sensing a sound / vibration signal generated by a touch, digitally processing the sensed sound / vibration signal, and determining the type of touch means that has generated the touch and the intensity of the touch based on the properties of the processed sound / vibration signal, wherein the properties include at least one of the following properties of the sound / vibration signal in time domain: maximum amplitude, average amplitude, average frequency, mean, standard deviation, standard deviation normalized by overall amplitude, variance, skewness, kurtosis, sum, absolute sum, root mean square (RMS), crest factor, dispersion, entropy, power sum, center of mass, coefficients of variation, cross correlation, zero-crossings, seasonality, DC bias, or the above properties computed for the first, second, third or higher order of derivatives of the sound / vibration signal; and the following properties of the sound / vibration signal in frequency domain: spectral centroid, spectral density, spherical harmonics, total average spectral energy, band energy ratios for every octave, log spectral band ratios, linear prediction-based cepstral coefficients (LPCCs), perceptual linear prediction (PLP) cepstral coefficients, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, frequency topology, or the above properties computed for the first, second, third or higher order of derivatives of a frequency domain representation of the sound / vibration signal. There is also provided a device for sensing touch inputs.

A pickup processing system for a guitar or other musical instrument. According to one embodiment, a split pickup is employed that separates the sound from the two bass strings from the other four strings. The signal from the bass strings may be provided to an octave divider, which creates a bass sound to add back into the sound. The octave divider produces sound without discontinuities or other artifacts. Other effects include restored acoustical properties of the guitar body, stereo imaging, reverb and others. The present invention may be fully contained within the body of an acoustic guitar.

A method and system for determining an optical flow field between a pair of images is disclosed. Each of the pair of images is decomposed into image pyramids using a non-octave pyramid factor. The pair of decomposed images is transformed at a first pyramid scale to second derivative representations under an assumption that a brightness gradient of pixels in the pair of decomposed images is constant. Discrete-time derivatives of the second derivative image representations are estimated. An optical flow estimation process is applied to the discrete-time derivatives to produce a raw optical flow field. The raw optical flow field is scaled by the non-octave pyramid factor. The above-cited steps are repeated for the pair of images at another pyramid scale until all pyramid scales have been visited to produce a final optical flow field, wherein spatiotemporal gradient estimations are warped by a previous raw optical flow estimation.

Methods of rapidly measuring the impedance spectrum of an energy storage device in-situ over a limited number of logarithmically distributed frequencies are described. An energy storage device is excited with a known input signal, and the response is measured to ascertain the impedance spectrum. The excitation signal is a limited time duration sum-of-sines consisting of a select number of frequencies. In one embodiment, magnitude and phase of each of frequency of interest within the sum-of-sines is identified when the selected frequencies and sample rate are logarithmic integer steps greater than two. This technique requires a measurement with a duration of one period of the lowest frequency. In another embodiment, where the selected frequencies are distributed in octave steps, the impedance spectrum can be determined using a captured time record that is reduced to a half-period of the lowest frequency.

An electronic signal processor for processing signals includes a complex first filter, one or more gain stages and a second filter. The first filter is characterized by a frequency response curve that includes multiple corner frequencies, with some corner frequencies being user selectable. The first filter also has at least two user-preset gain levels which may be alternately selected by a switch. Lower frequency signals are processed by the first filter with at least 12 db / octave slope, and preferably with 18 db / octave slope to minimize intermodulation distortion products by subsequent amplification in the gain stages. A second filter provides further filtering and amplitude control. The signal processor is particularly suited for processing audio frequency signals. Related methods include filtering the input signal with an input filter of the second or third order high pass type, amplifying the filtered signal and further filtering the amplified signal with a low pass filter, which may be of the second order type.

Real-time battery impedance spectrum is acquired using a one-time record. Fast Summation Transformation (FST) is a parallel method of acquiring a real-time battery impedance spectrum using a one-time record that enables battery diagnostics. An excitation current to a battery is a sum of equal amplitude sine waves of frequencies that are octave harmonics spread over a range of interest. A sample frequency is also octave and harmonically related to all frequencies in the sum. The time profile of this signal has a duration that is a few periods of the lowest frequency. The voltage response of the battery, average deleted, is the impedance of the battery in the time domain. Since the excitation frequencies are known and octave and harmonically related, a simple algorithm, FST, processes the time record by rectifying relative to the sine and cosine of each frequency. Another algorithm yields real and imaginary components for each frequency.