325 results about "Orthogonal matrix" patented technology

Using a transformation based, at least in part, on a non-simple orthogonal matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and / or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. The transformation may be combined with methods from forward error correction to lower the required transmission power.

Calculate the log frame energy value of each of a pre-determined number n of frames of an input speech signal and apply a matrix transform to the n log frame energy values to form a temporal matrix representing the input speech signal. The matrix transform may be a discrete cosine transform.

A method for reducing self-interference between at least four data symbols that are modulated via a non-orthogonal matrix modulation and transmitted from at least four transmit antennas to at least one receive antenna comprises mapping the at least four data symbols onto the at least four transmit antennas and two orthogonal transmission resources via the non-orthogonal matrix modulation, multiplying data symbols mapped to one of the at least four transmit antennas with a factor γ, wherein γ is determined at least in dependence on the transmission channel characteristics from the at least four transmit antennas to the at least one receive antenna to reduce a self-interference between the at least four data symbols, and transmitting the mapped data symbols and the mapped and multiplied data symbols from the at least four transmit antennas to at least one receive antenna in the two orthogonal transmission resources.

An method for, in a cellular telecommunication system, generating reference sequence matrices and for mapping elements of said reference sequence matrices to reference signal positions having predetermined locations in two-dimensional multi-carrier time-frequency symbol spaces is provided. According to the method, a matrix SN of dimension N×N having N orthogonal rows or columns and orthogonal parts of rows or columns, respectively, N being a positive integer >3, is generated. N reference sequence matrices OS(k), k=0, . . . , N−1, are then generated by forming rows or columns of the kth reference sequence matrix OS(k) based on at least part of the (k+1)th row or column, respectively, of said orthogonal matrix SN. Further, in a cell, within a given time period, mapping elements of one of said N reference sequence matrices OS(k) to reference signal positions having predetermined locations in two-dimensional multi-carrier time-frequency symbol spaces.

Methods and apparatus are provided for improved long preamble formats in a multiple antenna communication system having N antennas. According to one aspect of the invention, a preamble having a legacy portion and a high throughput portion is transmitted (or received) on each of the N transmit antennas, wherein the legacy portion comprises a legacy long training field and the high throughput portion comprises at least N high throughput long training fields, wherein the N high throughput long training fields are transmitted in N time slots using an N×N orthogonal matrix. The orthogonal matrix can be, for example, one or more of a Walsh matrix and a Fourier matrix. The N time slots can optionally comprise a single symbol.

A data communication system and a data transmitting apparatus with improved noise immunity are disclosed. The data communication system includes an orthogonal transforming unit using an N times N orthogonal matrix; a signal transforming unit; a transmitting unit; a receiving unit; a signal inverse-transforming unit; and an orthogonal inverse-transforming unit.

The invention discloses a precoding code book constructing method of a multi-input multi-output system, comprising the following steps: selecting N 4*4 first orthogonal matrixes Un, and selecting N second orthogonal matrixes Kn; generating N 8*8 matrixes Mn according to the selected Un and Kn in a manner of a Kronecker product or analog Kronecker product; and selecting a row or multiple rows of matrixes Mn to construct partial code words in a subcode book of each rank under 8 antennae. The invention also discloses a precoding code book constructing device of a multi-input multi-output system. The method and the device enables the designed code book to satisfy an orthogonal characteristic, a constant modulus characteristic and a 8 PSK characteristic in 8 antennae and have better performance under correlation channels and noncorrelation channels.

A structural, load bearing panel is fabricated with twin-sheets of thermoformed polymer material to provide-substantially equal bending strength about each of substantially normal polar moment axes. Parallel rows of generally rectangular depressions in the top sheet surface are fused with a corresponding row pattern of depressions in the bottom sheet surface oriented substantially 90.degree. to the top sheet rows. End walls of top sheet depressions are fused with side walls of bottom sheet depressions. Conversely, end walls of bottom sheet depressions are fused with side walls of top sheet depressions. An orthogonal matrix of interconnected gas flow channels vent substantially all void spaces between the top and bottom sheets.

In a display device of built-in driver circuit type including a non-rectangular image display area, the frame area surrounding the display area is reduced and the wiring delay is reduced. The image display device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an orthogonal matrix form, a plurality of scanning wiring lines connected to the plural pixels, a plurality of signal wiring lines connected to the plural pixels, the signal wiring lines being disposed to construct an orthogonal matrix form with the plural scanning wiring lines; signal wiring internal circuits for driving the plural signal wiring lines, and an image display area including a plurality of pixels, the image display area having a non-rectangular outer contour. The signal wiring internal circuits are separated from each other in an extending direction of the signal wiring lines in a unit of length of the pixel.

Methods, systems and devices are described for a direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication scheme that increases the number of users by utilizing a plurality of closely spaced orthogonal carriers that produce overlapping spectra. A method includes overlapping a plurality of direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals using carrier frequencies that are orthogonally spaced relative to a bit rate. The methods, systems and devices provide advantages because they can accommodate an increase in the number of normalized users and can optimize the loading of users across multiple frequency channels.

A DSP checks the traffic on a control channel transmitted to each terminal, and obtains a total of traffic on the control channel for each remote radio unit. The DSP transforms a correlation matrix calculated in an analysis section to a partial orthogonal matrix subjected to partial orthogonalization. The DSP divides one or more remote radio units into the groups in accordance with the sequence of rows or columns of the partial orthogonal matrix so that the total traffic for each group in which the total of traffic is added for one or more remote radio units within the group may be less than or equal to a predetermined threshold, and stores the identification number of the remote radio unit for each group in a memory.

A differential space-time block coder produces successive space-time blocks of symbols from M-PSK symbols to be encoded, in accordance with an orthogonal matrix and a normalization factor. Differentially encoded space-time output blocks, for transmission via a plurality of transmit antennas (16, 18) of a wireless communications system, are produced by multiplying (42) each space-time block from the space-time block coder (40) by the respective previous (44) differentially encoded space-time output block. Decoding is independent of channel estimation, and the arrangement is simple, avoids error propagation, and is applicable to different numbers of transmit antennas.

The invention discloses a local spline embedding-based orthogonal semi-monitoring subspace image classification method. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting n samples serving as training sets and the balance serving as testing sets from image data sets, wherein the training sets comprise marked data and unmarked data; 2) building an extra-class divergence matrix and an intra-class divergence matrix by using the marked data; (3) training data characteristic space distribution by using a whole and building a Laplacian matrix in a local spline embedding mode; 4) according to a local spline, embedding an orthogonal semi-monitoring subspace model, and searching a projection matrix to perform dimensionality reduction on the original high dimension characteristic; 5) building a classifier for the training samples after the dimensionality reduction by using a support vector machine; and 6) performing the dimensionality reduction on the testing sets by using the projection matrix and classifying the testing sets after the dimensionality reduction by using the classifier. In the method, the information, such as image sample marking, characteristic space distribution and the like, is fully utilized; potential semantic relevance among image data can be found out; and image semantics can be analyzed and expressed better.

A method of constructing a basis of functions intended for the building of approximations of one-way or two-way seismic traveltime versus offset functions. The method is characterized by the combination of the following steps of (a) creating a distribution of reference one-way or two-way traveltime versus offset functions by traveltime modelling in a set of velocity models representing possible velocity distributions, (b) obtaining new reference functions by modifying these reference traveltime functions by applying an operator to them, (c) selecting a set of discrete offsets to make these new reference functions discrete, (d) arranging these discrete functions in columns to form a matrix, (e) applying a singular value decomposition to this matrix, with singular values sorted in decreasing order, to express its columns as linear combinations of the columns of an orthogonal matrix, and (f) building the basis functions by interpolating the columns of the orthogonal matrix.

A novel multi-antenna design approach is proposed to obtain uncorrelated and energy efficient antennas. By manipulating the chassis, more than one characteristic mode is enabled to resonate at frequency below 1 GHz. With proper excitations for different characteristic modes, which are inherently orthogonal to each other, well performed multiple antennas with low mutual coupling and correlation are achieved. Three examples of chassis manipulation, a bezel structure and two T-shaped structures with metal strips along the chassis, are introduced. With efficient excitations of the fundamental dipole mode and T-strip mode, two antennas with low correlations and high total antenna efficiencies are achieved, with both antennas covering one or more of the low frequency LTE bands 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, and 20 in combination with one or more of high frequency LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, and 25.

The degree of accuracy a machine tool or the like is moved along a given path is determined by a unique preferably laser beam directing measuring system directing simultaneously or in sequence a laser beam parallel to the orthogonal axes of the two or three dimensional space in which the spindle or other object is to be moved in a path which can diverge appreciably in directions other than the directions of these axes. The beam directing means includes means which provides a measure of the actual positions the object has at various sampling times relative to the axis along which the beam is directed. This actual path position data is compared to the desired path position data used to program the object moving machine to determine the path position error at the sampling times involved.

Disclosed are attitude determination, panoramic image generation and target recognition methods for an intelligent machine. The attitude determination method for the intelligent machine comprises the following steps: defining a local coordinate system; and determining an intelligent machine attitude matrix Rg, wherein Rg is a 3x3 unit orthogonal matrix relative to the local coordinate system and can be obtained through multiple methods according to different sensors inside the intelligent machine. By means of attitude determination of the intelligent machine, multiple applications can be achieved, comprising a virtual reality roaming method for the intelligent machine, multi-vision localization of the intelligent machine, monocular single-point localization of the intelligent machine, panoramic image generation of the intelligent machine, target direction selection in the intelligent machine, real-time video image correction, single-image localization of the intelligent machine, and relative localization among multiple cameras.

First, the method defines pilot frequency sequence (PFS) composed of column vectors of orthogonal matrix, which is Fourier matrix. Then, the method scrambles PFS, and the scrambling sequence ck satisfies |ck|=1, and scrambled PFS does not influence on requirement of orthogonality. The invention obtains extensive uses in areas of wireless broadband communication and mobile communication, especially in fourth generation mobile communication, multicarrier, and OFDM transmission system. The method is mainly in use for designing sending PFS, and keeping the sending PFS as a signal in normal module in order to raise accuracy for estimating channel of receiver so as to raise performance of receiver.

Disclosed are attitude determination, panoramic image generation and target recognition methods for an intelligent machine. The attitude determination method for the intelligent machine comprises the following steps: defining a local coordinate system; and determining an intelligent machine attitude matrix Rg, wherein Rg is a 3x3 unit orthogonal matrix relative to the local coordinate system and can be obtained through multiple methods according to different sensors inside the intelligent machine. By means of attitude determination of the intelligent machine, multiple applications can be achieved, comprising a virtual reality roaming method for the intelligent machine, multi-vision localization of the intelligent machine, monocular single-point localization of the intelligent machine, panoramic image generation of the intelligent machine, target direction selection in the intelligent machine, real-time video image correction, single-image localization of the intelligent machine, and relative localization among multiple cameras.

The invention discloses an orthogonal time-frequency space OTFS modulation equalization method with low computational complexity, which is a method for equalizing interference between two-dimensionalcodes of an orthogonal time-frequency air conditioner under a time-frequency double-selection channel based on iterative parallel interference elimination of a linear minimum mean square error. The method can effectively utilize the covariance matrix of the reconstructed symbol to alleviate the influence of the interference between the residual two-dimensional codes on the OTFS system performance,so that the time-frequency two-dimensional gain can be better utilized, and the system reliability can be improved; time-frequency two-dimensional decomposition and octyl Fourier transform are adopted to carry out first-order Newman series approximation on the inverse matrix in LMMSE-PIC, so that the calculation complexity of the equalization method is reduced, and the equalization method only has a directrix relation with the total number of transmission symbols and is irrelevant to the channel sparsity, so that the system effectiveness is improved. The orthogonal time-frequency air conditioning system has the advantages that the time-frequency two-dimensional diversity gain of the orthogonal time-frequency air conditioning system can be remarkably improved under the time-frequency double-selection channel, the receiver performance of the non-ideal channel decoder during feedback is improved, and the popularization and application prospect is good.

An apparatus includes a test signal generation unit supplying test signals to an orthogonal modulator and a control unit that based on a result of decision by comparison and decision of detection results of a detector detecting envelopes of modulated signals output from the orthogonal modulator responsive to the test signals, derives adjustment values and a compensation value. An estimation means estimates a DC offset and an IQ mismatch of the orthogonal modulator, based on the derived compensation value. The test signals includes a first set including a first test signal (I1, Q1) and a second test signal (I2, Q2) having a predetermined relationship with the first test signal, and a second set of which in-phase and quadrature components have predetermined relationships respectively with in-phase and quadrature components of the first set.

It is attained by being provided with a motor constant calculation unit for calculating electric constants of a motor, and by correcting setting values of electric constants defined on one of the axes of two orthogonal axes, by a functional expression using a state variable defined on the same axis, and by correcting them by a functional expression using a state variable defined on the other axis.

The invention discloses an orthogonal matrix-based cognitive radio spectrum sharing method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, according to channel information fed back by a receiving end to a transmitting end, acquiring a preprocessing orthogonal matrix of the transmitting end by utilizing orthogonality with an interference channel; preprocessing signals before processing by multiplying the preprocessing orthogonal matrix by a signal matrix of the transmitting end; and utilizing the orthogonality between the interference channel and the preprocessing orthogonal matrix to eliminate mutual interference between an authorized master user and a non-authorized cognitive user so as to realize zero mutual interference between different users in a cognitive system and effectively transmit and receive data. The authorized master user and the non-authorized cognitive user equally share spectrum resources so as to improve the utilization ratio of the wireless spectrum resources and relieve the contradiction of the urgent lack of the wireless communication spectrum resources at present and in the future.

An apparatus and method for biometrics are provided. The apparatus includes a user registration unit, a user authentication unit, and a transform key storing unit. The user registration unit store a second registration template that transforms a first registration template generated from user biological data using a random orthogonal matrix and random vector. The user authentication unit transforms a first authentication template generated from input biological data the random orthogonal matrix and random vector used in the user registration unit, comparing with the second registration template, and thus performs user authentication. The transform key storing unit provides the random orthogonal matrix and the random vector to the user registration unit and the user authentication unit.

The method comprises: at first, defining the width of guard band reserved at both ends of frequency band according to the requirement of spectrum mask; then getting the carrier separation according to the traveling speed and delay spread supported by OFDM; finally, defining the numbers of guard subcarriers at both ends according to the defined guard band width and subcarrier separation.

The invention discloses a BD (block diagonalization) pre-coding method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a total user channel matrix Hs according to a downlink channel matrix of each user in a system; carrying out QR factorization on a conjugate transpose matrix of the total user channel matrix Hs to obtain a product of an orthogonal matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix R, and expressing the total user channel matrix Hs as the product of a lower triangular matrix L and a conjugate transpose matrix QH of the orthogonal matrix Q; carrying out inverse calculation on the lower triangular matrix L to obtain L-1; according to the inversed L-1 of the lower triangular matrix L and the orthogonal matrix Q, obtaining a null space orthogonal basis of an interference channel matrix of each user; according to the null space orthogonal basis of the interference channel matrix of each user, constructing a linear pre-coding matrix of each user; and carrying out linear pre-coding on a transmitting signal of each user by utilizing the constructed linear pre-coding matrix. The technical scheme disclosed by the invention can reduce the system complexity and improve the coding efficiency.

Methods and apparatus are provided for improved short preamble formats in a multiple antenna communication system having N antennas. A short preamble format having a legacy portion and a high throughput portion is transmitted (or received) on each of the N transmit antennas, wherein the legacy portion comprises a legacy long training field and the high throughput portion comprises N-1 high throughput long training fields. The legacy long training field and the N-1 high throughput long training fields can be transmitted in N time slots using an N×N orthogonal matrix, such as a Walsh matrix or a Fourier matrix. The N time slots can optionally comprise a single symbol. Backwards compatibility is optionally maintained by including a legacy short training field and a legacy signal field in the legacy portion of the short preamble.