The invention belongs to the technical field of radar signal processing, and discloses a target detection waveform optimization and processing method for an agile coherent radar, which comprises the following steps of 1, optimizing a baseband signal waveform in a pulse of the agile coherent radar by using a nonlinear frequency modulation signal waveform, 2, establishing an echo model based on the agile coherent radar after waveform optimization, and obtaining an echo matrix, 3, performing pulse compression processing on the agile coherent radar after waveform optimization to obtain a pulse compression matrix, and 4, conducting coherent processing on the agile coherent radar after waveform optimization, and realizing improvement of target detection performance of the agile coherent radar. According to the method, the target detection performance of the agile coherent radar is improved in a strong clutter and strong interference environment, active deception jamming and aiming suppressing jamming of the radar can be effectively resisted, the detection distance farther than that of a non-coherent frequency agile radar can be achieved, and higher real-time performance is achieved by adopting a coherent accumulation algorithm.