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This invention discloses a group train tracking operation optimization method considering communication delay, comprising the following steps: establishing a heavy-haul railway train group with a "leader-follower" topology; constructing a multi-objective optimization model based on vehicle characteristic constraints, speed limits, and safety distance constraints; generating random communication delays in the model, calculating the time steps corresponding to the delays, and having the following train make control decisions based on the state information of the preceding train at the previous time step; and solving for the running speed of the following train in the multi-objective optimization model using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. This group train tracking operation optimization method effectively solves the problems of uncertainty and dynamic response lag caused by communication delays during the tracking operation of heavy-haul railway train groups. It can not only significantly reduce tracking errors between trains and improve speed synchronization, but also effectively reduce distance fluctuations during acceleration and deceleration phases, ensuring stable train spacing.