The invention discloses a comprehensive monitoring system of a power distribution network based on the internet of things and an intelligent patrol robot. The system comprises a monitoring system, an intelligent patrol robot, a background management platform and a remote receiving terminal. The monitoring system comprises an environment monitoring system, an anti-theft monitoring system, a fire-fighting monitoring system, an entrance guard management system, a ring network cabinet monitoring system and a related linkage device. The monitoring system is in communication connection with the background management platform through an intelligent acquisition device. The background management platform sends out a control instruction and controls the working state of the related linkage device through the intelligent acquisition device. The intelligent patrol robot and the remote receiving terminal are in communication connection with the background management platform. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the intelligent routing inspection of a substation and the centralized monitoring and management of an on-site environment, anti-theft equipment, fire-fighting equipment and a ring main unit are realized. Therefore, the linkage device is intelligently controlled, and potential fault risks are prevented in advance. Moreover, an occurred fault can be quickly and accurately judged and treated. Therefore, the safe and stable operation of the power distribution network is ensured.