The invention discloses a data access method, a data access device, a target device, and a management server. The data access method comprises an access device inquires a target management server which belongs to a target device from at least one management server, and sends a data access secret key application for the target device; the target management server distributes the secret key information and the verification information of the secret key information, and configures an attribute for the secret key information; the target management server sends the secret key information to the access device, and sends the verification information of the secret key information and the attribute of the secret key information to the target device; the access device sends a data access request to the target device; and the target device verifies the access device, and returns the data which requires to be accessed to the access device after verification is successful. The data access method, the data access device, the target device, and the management server can balance the processing load for the server, and can guarantee safety for data access.