An embodiment of the invention discloses a data transmission method and a base station. The method comprises the following steps: when a second time frequency resource contained in a first time frequency resource distributed to a first terminal is distributed to a second terminal by the base station, first indication information, second indication information and a third transmission block are sent to the first terminal by the base station; the first time frequency resource is used for transmitting a first transmission block of the first terminal, the second time frequency resource is used for transmitting a second transmission block of the second terminal, the first indication information is used for indicating a position of the second first time frequency resource occupied by the second transmission block, or the first indication information is used for indicating data, planned to be transmitted on the second time frequency resource, of the first transmission block, a code block to which the data belongs or a code block group to which the data belongs; the second indication information is used for indicating a position of a third time frequency resource distributed to the third transmission block by the base station; the third transmission block comprises data, planned to be sent on the second time frequency resource, of the first transmission block. Via adoption of the data transmission method and the base station, efficiency of data transmission can be improved.