178 results about "Metropolitan area" patented technology

A method of providing broadband data services over power lines for moving vehicles is provided herein. Using broadband over power line (BPL) networking, a data signal is connected to a vehicle that is connected to a transport power line. The signal is communicated from the transport power line to the vehicle. The signal is then demodulated for use aboard the vehicle. The data signal connection allows for access to wide area networks such as the Internet. Access points can wirelessly broadcast wide area network signals from stationary locations to define meshed wireless networks in metropolitan areas.

A cellular wireless packet data communication system containing transmit-only endpoint devices which transmit to receive-only base stations. The system is configured to allow for large area coverage (e.g., a metropolitan area) with far fewer number base stations than are required with conventional two-way cellular systems. The base station coverage areas are configured to overlap, allowing for reception of packets at multiple base stations. A data concentrator resolves redundantly received messages. The network is configurable as a WAN, a LAN, or a combination of the two. Novel modulation techniques (e.g., a 16QAM submodulation together with a 7FSK modulation) are used such that low cost components can be used in the transmitters and receivers while achieving outstanding probability of success performance. The endpoint devices are battery operated and accordingly, are designed for low power consumption and multi-year battery life. The system is used in a variety of applications including remote monitoring and mobile communications.

Traffic information, including flow information and incident information, obtained through a traffic management system for providing and facilitating the exchange of traffic information between a remote location and a vehicle may be used in route calculation by a navigation device. The navigation device may recalculate a route based on anticipated user error. Alternatively, the navigation device may recalculate a route using received traffic information triggered by the receipt of a traffic information update, or triggered by the passage of an amount of time. The broadcast rate of traffic information updates may vary temporally (providing more frequent updates during peak commute times) or geographically (providing more frequent updates to metropolitan areas with increased traffic information needs). If route calculation is triggered by an elapsed amount of time, the amount of time may vary to be shorter during peak commute times. Additional route calculation techniques allow the incorporation of historical traffic information or the use of the most recent traffic information if incomplete traffic information is available. Still further route calculation techniques may calculate a best route by avoiding zigzagging or evaluating an assigned cost of a potential route.

Buildings or facilities containing energy consuming or energy generating devices may be optimized for efficient energy usage and distribution. Energy consumption or generation by a building or components may be controlled by a system comprising a building model for predicting behavior of the building given predicted future conditions and possible control inputs. An optimization component running an optimization algorithm in conjunction with the building model may evaluate the predicted building behavior in accordance with at least one criterion and determine a desired set of control inputs. Commercial building thermal mass may be harnessed to continuously and optimally integrate large commercial building HVAC operations with electric grid operations and markets in large metropolitan areas. The service may be deployed using scalable, automated, web-based technology.

A cellular wireless packet data communication system containing transmit-only endpoint devices which transmit to receive-only base stations. The system is configured to allow for large area coverage (e.g., a metropolitan area) with far fewer number base stations than are required with conventional two-way cellular systems. The base station coverage areas are configured to overlap, allowing for reception of packets at multiple base stations. A data concentrator resolves redundantly received messages. The network is configurable as a WAN, a LAN, or a combination of the two. Novel modulation techniques (e.g., a 16QAM submodulation together with a 7FSK modulation) are used such that low cost components can be used in the transmitters and receivers while achieving outstanding probability of success performance. The endpoint devices are battery operated and accordingly, are designed for low power consumption and multi-year battery life. The system is used in a variety of applications including remote monitoring and mobile communications.

Traffic information, including flow information and incident information, obtained through a traffic management system for providing and facilitating the exchange of traffic information between a remote location and a vehicle may be used in route calculation by a navigation device. The navigation device may recalculate a route based on anticipated user error. Alternatively, the navigation device may recalculate a route using received traffic information triggered by the receipt of a traffic information update, or triggered by the passage of an amount of time. The broadcast rate of traffic information updates may vary temporally (providing more frequent updates during peak commute times) or geographically (providing more frequent updates to metropolitan areas with increased traffic information needs). If route calculation is triggered by an elapsed amount of time, the amount of time may vary to be shorter during peak commute times. Additional route calculation techniques allow the incorporation of historical traffic information or the use of the most recent traffic information if incomplete traffic information is available. Still further route calculation techniques may calculate a best route by avoiding zigzagging or evaluating an assigned cost of a potential route.

A method and system is provided in which data packets from multiple customer VLANs are forwarded over a MAN using VLAN aggregation. A layer-2 switch located at the edge of the MAN connects the customer VLANs to the MAN. The edge switch aggregates multiple customer VLANs (the “sub-VLANs”) into one provider VLAN (the “super-VLAN”). When a packet is forwarded from the sub-VLAN to the super-VLAN and vice versa, the edge switch uses modified bridge forwarding rules to exchange the customer-configured VLAN-IDs with the provider-configured VLAN-IDs before transporting the packet over the MAN. The edge switch further uses modified bridge media access control (MAC) address learning rules to isolate one customer's traffic from another's (i.e. isolate one sub-VLAN's traffic from another sub-VLAN's traffic).

A clock reconstruction mechanism for synchronous TDM communications traffic transported over asynchronous networks such as Ethernet networks. The invention is applicable to edge switches in Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) that transport legacy TDM traffic using a Circuit Emulation Services (CES) module whereby TDM traffic is encapsulated and transported across the Ethernet network where it is de-encapsulated and clocked out to the destination. The mechanism encapsulates the input TDM data stream into Ethernet packets and inserts a network timestamp within the packet. At the destination CES, a local timestamp is generated for each received packet as it is received. The network timestamp is extracted and input along with the local timestamp to a Digital Time Locked Loop (DTLL) which is operative to accurately reconstruct the original transmit TDM clock. The filter in the DTLL performs a Least Squares Regression (LSR) algorithm and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter algorithm to generate a clock control signal for adjusting the clock generated.

The present invention is an in-situ apparatus for generating carbon dioxide gas at an oil site for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The apparatus includes a steam generator adapted to boil and superheat water to generate a source of superheated steam, as well as a source of essentially pure oxygen. The apparatus also includes a steam reformer adapted to react a carbonaceous material with the superheated steam and the pure oxygen, in an absence of air, to generate a driver gas comprising primarily carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas. A separator is adapted to separate at least a portion of the carbon dioxide gas from the rest of the driver gas to generate a carbon dioxide-rich driver gas and a hydrogen-rich fuel gas. A compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide-rich driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery, and the compressed carbon dioxide-rich driver gas, with substantially no oxygen, is injected to a predetermined depth in order to enhance oil recovery at the oil site. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which requires large power plants stationed near metropolitan areas and expensive pipeline networks, the in-situ apparatus can be placed or constructed at the site of the oil field, while a portion of the carbonaceous material may be obtained from a site outside the oil field.

The present invention provides a system and method for maintaining and displaying information regarding high bandwidth telecommunication cables in metropolitan areas. The present invention allows a user to select a metropolitan area for display. The user may thereafter select one or more vendors who own high bandwidth telecommunication cables in the selected metropolitan area. A user may control the prominence of displayed cables by designating selected vendors in a prioritized list.

The security manhole insert cover relates to a locking manhole insert to prevent ingress or egress to a manhole from above or below the manhole to prevent access to underground utilities, tunnels and underneath buildings and metropolitan areas to eliminate security intrusions and terrorist attacks by underground access, which would otherwise go undetected if access to the underground utility passages were not secured. The manhole insert cover has a cylindrical locking insert barring access to the engaging and disengaging mechanism required to remove the manhole insert cover and an integrated lower cover to prevent access to the engaging and disengaging mechanism from below, the insert cover adapted to fit within a manhole without required modification of the manhole and without detection of the insert cover having been installed from above ground levels.

A system and method scales private Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) to a large computer network, such as a very large Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), so that the VLAN designations can be re-used across the network. In the illustrative embodiment, the MAN includes different groups of Layer 2 (L2) switches that are logically organized into Islands interconnected by an interconnect fabric. Within each Island, Customer-Equipment VLAN Identifiers (CE-VLAN IDs) are mapped to MAN Provider-Equipment VLAN IDs (PE-VLAN IDs). The PE-VLAN IDs defined within the MAN support the creation of Private VLANs. Each Private VLAN includes one Primary VLAN, one Isolated VLAN and may include one or more Community VLANs. Different PE-VLAN IDs may be used as the Primary, Isolated and Community VLANs in different Islands. Nonetheless, the Primary, Isolated and Community VLANs from all of the Islands are assigned the same Virtual Circuit IDs, which are loaded into encapsulated frames traversing the interconnect fabric, thereby maintaining the message's association with the Primary, Isolated and Community VLANs.

A communications network for a metropolitan area is disclosed. The network is comprised of three basic types of nodes: an access multiplexer, a photonic switch, and a core node. The access multiplexer provides multiplexing of data packets from end-users onto at least one sparse wavelength division multiplexed (SWDM) wavelength. The SWDM wavelengths are carried over fiber cable to the photonic switches, which consolidate these wavelengths into dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) wavelengths for transmission to the core node. The core nodes include a photonic switch (PSX) and a service-aware terabit router core for routing packets within the metropolitan area via the network or out to a long haul network. The photonic switches and core nodes are capable of switching at the wavelength, group of wavelength, and fiber levels.

Techniques for synchronizing the clock of a local telecommunications network connected to a remote clock source through an asynchronous transport network such as an Ethernet metropolitan area transport network. A basic holdover loop for retaining the current reconstructed clock frequency signal receives weighted corrections from an open loop and a network time protocol filter loop. The open loop measures data packet interarrival times on the local network and calculates a first reconstructed clock frequency signal. The network time protocol loop applies network time protocol to generate timestamps over the asynchronous transport network which are used to generate a second reconstructed clock frequency signal. The first and second reconstructed clock frequency signals are combined using dynamically adjusted weight factors and compared with the current reconstructed clock frequency signal to correct the latter which then synchronizes the clock of the local telecommunications network.

The problems of large tables in Ethernet switches used on a metropolitan area scale, and the exposure of the enterprise network topologies, can be avoided by encapsulating each original Ethernet packet, which originates in a first network of an entity, e.g., an enterprise, a customer, or a network service provider, within another Ethernet packet which is given a source address that identifies the new encapsulating packet as originating at a port of a switch that is located at the interface between the first network in which the original packet originated and a second Ethernet network, e.g., the metropolitan area Ethernet network, which is to transport the encapsulating packet. When the encapsulating packet would exceed the allowable Ethernet packet length, the original packet may be split up at the interface between the first and second network and the resulting parts encapsulated into two encapsulating packets.

This invention relates to map drawing field and in detail to the maps of each proportions by photo measurement and remote sensing technique and especially to the measurable space map process method of three-dimension. The method comprises the following steps: a, data collecting; b, establishing three-dimensional mode of city architecture; c, decorating the three-dimensional map; d, converting the project with equal visual angle; f, canceling the three-dimensional mode; g, romancing the mode; f, decorating the plane effect of the space graph; I, outputting the generated graph.

A system and method permits the creation of very-large metropolitan area networks (MANs) using Layer 2 (L2) switching technology. Different groups of L2 switches are logically organized into Islands. Connected to each Island are a plurality of customers sites, and an interconnect fabric couples the Islands together. The Islands cooperate to provide a Virtual Ethernet Connection (VEC) to each set of customer sites being coupled together. Customers identify their traffic that corresponds to a VEC by labeling or tagging it with a Customer-Equipment VLAN Identifier (CE-VLAN ID). Within each Island, the CE-VLAN ID specified by the customer's traffic (and hence the corresponding VEC) is mapped to a unique MAN Provider-Equipment VLAN ID (PE-VLAN ID). To prevent the formation of loops, the Islands run the Inter-MAN Control Protocol (IMCP), which represents a modified version of the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP).

A modular system of construction of loft apartment buildings. This type of unit is in high demand in many metropolitan areas, and the modular nature of the inventive buildings allows them to be produced quickly and at low cost. In addition, the invention provides a novel system for interconnecting apartments quickly during construction, providing further cost savings. A mix of apartment types, including handicapped-accessible apartments, may be placed in each building, with the proportions of different apartment types being tailored to the needs of the local market and the constraints of local building codes. The apartment modules may be sized to permit convenient shipping of modules within the constraints of overland shipping regulations.

The invention relates to a system for realizing video-on-demand by using a peer-to-peer network technology and a method thereof, wherein, a central media server and a central directory server of the system are connected with a router of a metropolitan area / wide area network; an edge media server is connected with an edge router which is linked up with the metropolitan area / wide area network and an access network so as to form a content delivery network based on P2P; an edge directory server is connected with the edge router with which the edge media server is connected and a home media terminal is connected with the edge router with which the edge media server is connected through the access network, which forms a video-on-demand network based on the P2P. The method of the system for realizing the video-on-demand by using the peer-to-peer network technology and the method thereof comprises the steps: the home media terminal firstly requests and downloads data in a way of the P2P from an edge P2P area, when the requested data is not in the edge P2P area, corresponding data is downloaded and supplied to the home media terminal by the edge media server in a central P2P area. The system for realizing the video-on-demand by using the peer-to-peer network technology and the method thereof have the advantages of low cost and strong expandability; with the increase of the users, the pressure bore by the server is decreased.

A computing device may rely on GPS and IR communication to determine its current location. The limits of GPS may prevent it from reliably providing location data to the computing device in a variety of situations such as in downtown metropolitan areas, geographic regions with thick canopies, in buildings, and the like. As a result, a second communication technique may also be used to provide location data to the computing device. For example, an IR transmitter may transmit location data to the computing device which, in turn, uses the location data to identify its current location. In addition, the computing device may receive or transmit supplemental data using the second communication technique for, e.g., synchronizing the computing device to a real-time event happening at the identified location or providing the location of the device to a central computing system.

Described herein is a method and system of distributed acoustic sensing, such as in an urban or metropolitan area involving a dedicated and established fibre optic communications network including a data centre. In general, the disclosed method and system includes the steps of (a) selecting an optical fibre cable installation having a path extending across a selected geographical area, the optical fibre cable installation including a bundle of optical fibres and forming part of a fibre-optic communications network, (b) determining characteristics associated with the optical fibre and / or the selected optical fibre installation, (c) transmitting outgoing light in the optical fibre, (d) receiving reflected light back scattered along the optical fibre, and (e) based on the reflected light and the determined characteristics, generating an alert signal representative of an acoustic event. The disclosed method and system may be useful in the detection of acoustic events near or within the selected geographical area.

The invention relates to a backbone network system based on quantum communication and a relay method thereof. According to the method, key relaying is performed between the access nodes of all the metropolitan area networks of the backbone network in advance according to a certain strategy so that the access nodes of all the metropolitan area networks are enabled to perform secret communication byusing the relay key; at least one server side is set for the access nodes and the relay nodes, and the access nodes periodically and automatically initiate relaying to other access nodes; the respective key management terminal of the access nodes and the relay nodes periodically reports the calculated key amount to the connected server side; and the server side respectively generates a quantum routing table and a relay routing table according to different shared key amount types and calculates the path key amount to be issued to the access nodes and the relay nodes, and each access node performs automatic relaying according to the routing table and the path key amount acquired from the server side.

A system and method for wirelessly transferring content to and from a vehicle, in particular, an aircraft. The content includes, for example, data, voice, video and multimedia, that can be wirelessly exchanged over a wireless communication link between an aircraft and a ground station while the aircraft is at or near a parking gate, or between aircraft. In an example, the system employs long distance metropolitan area technology, such as IEEE Standard 802.16 wireless technology, to increase transfer range. The parameter of the wireless communication link can be adjusted based on, for example, the location of the link. The content can further be provided between the vehicle and ground station based on priorities, such as the available link speed, importance of the information, and / or anticipated connection time between the vehicle and ground station.

Disclosed is a scalable, hybrid mobile network termed the Metropolitan Area Mobile Network (MAMN) based on a new dynamic mobile network protocol-DynaMo. DynaMo supports TCP / IP based communication between nodes, whether they are moving or stationary. DynaMo is a location-based routing technique that integrates MAMN, with wired TCP / IP networks (such as the Internet). Through the disclosed use of a modified Domain Name Services (DNS), communication between wired and wireless nodes, moving or stationary, is supported and is transparent to the end-user. DynaMo supports the use of multiple channels and implements a scheme for channel reuse. A hybrid encryption mechanism, based on public / private key pairs enables signed and secure communication.

A system and method for wirelessly transferring content to and from a vehicle, in particular, an aircraft. The content includes, for example, data, voice, video and multimedia, that can be wirelessly exchanged over a wireless communication link between an aircraft and a ground station while the aircraft is at or near a parking gate, or between aircraft. In an example, the system employs long distance metropolitan area technology, such as IEEE Standard 802.16 wireless technology, to increase transfer range. The parameter of the wireless communication link can be adjusted based on, for example, the location of the link. The content can further be provided between the vehicle and ground station based on priorities, such as the available link speed, importance of the information, and / or anticipated connection time between the vehicle and ground station.

A fuel injection system operates under a substantially constant pump speed and creates multi-pressure levels by diverting the fuel flow. Fuel pressure can be switched from one steady pressure level to another level on-demand instantly. This superimposes and overlaps typical fuel injection events in the linear operating ranges under different pressure levels, significantly increasing the fuel injection dynamic range. Lower fuel injection when idle or during city driving reduces fuel consumption per mile traveled and reduces exhaust emission that causes smog in metropolitan areas. The system delivers additional power to the engine instantly at peak load on-demand, reduces idle speed with the engine running smoothly, does not change fuel tank temperature, and may enhance the life of the fuel pump.

An Ethernet Optical Area Network (EOAN) system, and methods for implementing and using such an EOAN system, are disclosed. The EOAN system may be used to improve the speed and reliability of data communications networks for small to medium-sized companies in metropolitan area networks. The EOAN system provides end-to-end Ethernet protocol, enabling professionals to have high-speed data communications in real time. The EOAN system may be generally utilized for improving data communications between branch offices, home offices, campuses, and remote sites for a wide variety of industries. The present invention preferably includes a fiber optic ring, Network Operation Center (NOC), NOC architecture components, existing client equipment, and one or more Free Space Optic (FSO) devices, microwave communication technology, and / or data switching platforms to implement high-speed Ethernet-based connections such as within a specified metropolitan area. The preferred EOAN system preferably integrates a plurality of FSO, microwave, and / or fiber optic technologies with Ethernet protocol (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit, etc.) to provide data connection services.

The invention relates to a hybrid depth learning model LSTM-ResNet based metropolitan space-time flow prediction technology. The invention can accurately predicting the change of urban spatio-temporaldata stream so as to provide important reference for urban management, and the key is to extract spatio-temporal dependency features from the data effectively. Currently, convolution neural network,which has been applied to spatio-temporal flow prediction, focuses on the extraction of spatial correlation features, ignoring the temporal dimension dependency and spatio-temporal correlation features. In depth learning model, long and short memory network (LSTM) is suitable for dynamic modeling of time series, and residual convolution network (ResNet) is suitable for large-scale spatial correlation feature extraction. Therefore, we combine LSTM and ResNet to construct a hybrid depth-learning model for spatio-temporal flow prediction: LSTM is used to consider the time dependency before and after, and filter out the invalid time features; the output of LSTM is inputted into ResNet and the spatio-temporal correlation feature is extracted. The model can automatically and accurately capture spatio-temporal correlation features, especially retaining valid temporal features when considering forward and backward dependencies.

Systems and methods for sellers of goods and services for providing information relating to existence and features of what they provide, to buyers using a system as herein described that enables a buyer to identify and obtain collections of information that comprise a subset of the contents of a database having multiple records provided by a plurality of sellers. A seller may use a conventional home or office computer including without limitation PC's and MACINTOSH™ computers, tablets and smartphones to transmit information to a system as provided, which is accessible to users also via a conventional home or office computer. A user specifies desired criteria and the system provides the user a subset of information upon which further decisions by the user can be made. In some embodiments, systems and methods provided relate to information concerning the inventory of new home construction in a selected region, which region may include a general metropolitan area.