The invention provides a network security isolation and information exchange method and system based on a one-way channel and belongs to the field of computer network security. The network security isolation and information exchange system comprises a data acquisition module, a protocol reassembling module, a data audition module, an information unloading and packaging module and a data transmission module. Each module can be acquired through hardware or/and software. The network security isolation and information exchange method includes the steps of data acquisition, protocol reassembling, data audition, information unloading and packaging, data transmission and the like. The one-way channel is adopted for transmitting data, the transmitted data are audited and unloaded through a special data package processing method, and when a fault occurs, physical isolation is formed. According to the network security isolation and information exchange method and system, the data throughput rate can be remarkably increased, data security between different networks can be effectively protected, illegal user intrusion and control are avoided, and system cost is reduced.