3588results about How to "Reliable transmission" patented technology

The present invention relates to novel lip / cheek probes for detection of pulse-based differences in light absorbence across the vascularized tissue of a lip or cheek of a patient. These probes are fabricated to provide signals to estimate arterial oxygen saturation, and / or to obtain other photoplethysmographic data. The present invention also relates to a combined probe / cannula. The present invention also relates to other devices that combine a pulse oximeter probe with a device supplying oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas to a person in need thereof, and to sampling means for exhaled carbon dioxide in combination with the novel lip / cheek probes. In certain embodiments, an additional limitation of a control means to adjust the flow rate of such gas is provided, where such control is directed by the blood oxygen saturation data obtained from the pulse oximeter probe.

The present invention provides a system and apparatus for efficient and reliable, control and distribution of data files in large-scale distributed networks. The members of a group of servers in a multicast network elect a group leader whenever a new group leader is required, as when the prior group leader become unavailable, as detected by absence of a periodic heartbeat message published by the leader. The election is carried out by a system of voting by each candidate whereby each candidate has a priority calculated from its configuration, and the server with the highest priority is configured to claim the leadership faster than the other candidates. As part of the claim, each candidate multicasts its priority. Each candidate that receives a multicast claim for leadership from another candidate compares its own priority against the claimant and only votes for itself if its own priority is higher. After a preconfigured period of hearing no other claimants with higher priority, the candidate with the highest priority becomes the new leader.

An electrical contact system for transmitting information across tool joints while minimizing signal reflections that occur at the tool joints includes a first electrical contact comprising an annular resilient material. An annular conductor is embedded within the annular resilient material and has a surface exposed from the annular resilient material. A second electrical contact is provided that is substantially equal to the first electrical contact. Likewise, the second electrical contact has an annular resilient material and an annular conductor. The two electrical contacts configured to contact one another such that the annular conductors of each come into physical contact. The annular resilient materials of each electrical contact each have dielectric characteristics and dimensions that are adjusted to provide desired impedance to the electrical contacts.

A network switch in a packet switched network includes a plurality of network switch ports, each configured for sending and receiving data packets between a medium interface and the network switch. The network switch port includes an IEEE 802.3 compliant transmit state machine and receive state machine configured for transmitting and receiving network data to and from a medium interface, such as a reduced medium independent interface, respectively. The network switch port also includes a memory management unit configured for selectively transferring the network data between the transmit and receive state machines and a random access transmit buffer and a random access receive buffer, respectively. The memory management unit transfers the network data between the transmit and receive state machines and the respective buffers based on prescribed interface protocol signals between the memory management unit and the transmit and receive state machines. Hence, the memory management unit and the transmit and receive state machines transfer data according to a prescribed interface protocol, where a request-based protocol enables data transfers to be performed independent of different clock domains encountered within the network switch port.

Inner circumference projections of a driven coupling are engaged with inner circumference recesses of a drive coupling. Outer circumference projections of the driven coupling are engaged with outer circumference recesses of the drive coupling. A chamfered portion formed at each tip of the rotational leading-side side surface of the inner circumference projections is capable of contact with the leading-side side surface of each inner circumference recess. A rotational trailing-side circumferential end face of each outer circumference projection and a rotational trailing-side circumferential end face of each outer circumference recess are in surface-to-surface contact with each other. As a result, the drive coupling and the driven coupling can rotate integrally without rattling in the rotational direction.

A bidirectional signal processing method uses parallel transmission of digital transmitted data streams in a multiple input-multiple output system. Related art methods generate high bit error rates mostly in singular transmission channels. For this reason, the rank-adaptive signal processing method provides that the number nd of active subchannels are varied according to the actual channel behavior in order to effect a robust data transmission even in singular radio channels based on a transmit-side and receive-side channel knowledge and a modification of the data vector by a linear matrix vector multiplication while introducing a factor gamma for limiting the maximum transmit power. The maximum transmit power is then only distributed to the currently activated subchannels so that no transmit power remains unused. Another optimization of the number of subchannels nd occurs when selecting the modulation and encoding methods. During the optimal rank-adaptation according to the water-filling principle, another power is allocated to each subchannel. Another modulation and encoding method is accordingly selected for each data stream. During the suboptimal rank-adaptation according to the channel inversion principle, all subchannels have the same power whereby enabling the data streams to be modulated and encoded in a common source.

A guidewire device comprising: a micro-fabricated elongated outer member having an outer surface and an interior surface forming a lumen extending from a proximal end to a distal end, wherein said outer member is formed from two or more stock materials; and an inner member disposed within a portion of said lumen, and embodiments thereof.