The invention provides a finite block length covert communication implementation method based on channel estimation. In the past, studies on covert communication in a fading channel are supposed thatthe channel is known, or channel estimation is avoided through a channel inversion power control method. However, in practice, channel estimation is inevitably performed in a fading channel due to theideality of channel reciprocity hypothesis. In conventional channel estimation, the optimal pilot number is equal to the number of transmission antennas, but in covert communication, the conclusion may not be established any more. In order to improve the reliability of covert communication, a minimum mean square error estimation method is used for estimating a channel, and the optimal pilot frequency number, the optimal transmitting power, the optimal data number and the optimal transmitting power are designed under the covert constraint condition to maximize the effective rate. Meanwhile, due to the fact that previous studies are generally concentrated on analysis of infinite block lengths, but symbols of the limited block lengths are usually sent in practice, hidden communication underthe limited block lengths is studied through the method.