189 results about "Energy dispersion" patented technology

A transmission method of a digital broadcast which is compatible with the DVB-T terrestrial digital broadcast system in Europe and saves a battery in a mobile terminal is provided. Superframes in DVB-T are divided into units each including plural symbols so that an integer number of TS packets can be carried in each slot. At least one slot is used to transmit one service. Energy dispersion, Reed-Solomon coding, byte interleaving, convolutional coding, and time interleaving are applied to each service. When services for mobile terminal reception and services for fixed terminals are transmitted as the provided services, null packets may be transmitted before and after the slot carrying the mobile receiver service so that the fixed reception service and the mobile reception services are not mixed. If the fixed terminal handles TS packets of the mobile reception service as error packets, it could have no problem in reception.

The invention provides an energy dispersion device, spectrograph and method that can be used to evaluate the composition of matter on site without the need for specialized training or expensive equipment. The energy dispersion device or spectrograph can be used with a digital camera or cell phone. A device of the invention includes a stack of single- or double-dispersion diffraction gratings that are rotated about their normal giving rise to a multiplicity of diffraction orders from which meaningful measurements and determinations can be made with respect to the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of matter.

The invention provides an energy dispersion device, spectrograph and method that can be used to evaluate the composition of matter on site without the need for specialized training or expensive equipment. The energy dispersion device or spectrograph can be used with a digital camera or cell phone. A device of the invention includes a stack of single- or double-dispersion diffraction gratings that are rotated about their normal giving rise to a multiplicity of diffraction orders from which meaningful measurements and determinations can be made with respect to the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of matter.

A method for reducing the energy spread of ions over a specific and limited mass to charge ratio range is disclosed, along with an ion deceleration arrangement for implementing such a method. An electric field, having an electric field strength E is generated by a deceleration electrode arrangement (250). Ions of a specific and limited mass to charge ratio range, but having a spread of energies, are directed into the decelerating electric field generated by the deceleration electrode arrangement (250). The decelerating electric field is then removed, once substantially all of the ions of the specific mass to charge ratio range have entered the decelerating electric field. By matching the electric field strength E to the energy spread of the ions upon entry into the electric field, the energy spread of the said ions is reduced. Preferred embodiments of the invention employ energy dispersion upstream of the ion deceleration arrangement. For example, an ion mirror arrangement (200) may be used, the ions reflecting off an ion mirror (220) within that ion mirror arrangement (200) to promote energy defocusing.

A method for reducing the energy spread of ions over a specific and limited mass to charge ratio range is disclosed, along with an ion deceleration arrangement for implementing such a method. An electric field, having an electric field strength E is generated by a deceleration electrode arrangement (250). Ions of a specific and limited mass to charge ratio range, but having a spread of energies, are directed into the decelerating electric field generated by the deceleration electrode arrangement (250). The decelerating electric field is then removed, once substantially all of the ions of the specific mass to charge ratio range have entered the decelerating electric field. By matching the electric field strength E to the energy spread of the ions upon entry into the electric field, the energy spread of the said ions is reduced. Preferred embodiments of the invention employ energy dispersion upstream of the ion deceleration arrangement. For example, an ion mirror arrangement (200) may be used, the ions reflecting off an ion mirror (220) within that ion mirror arrangement (200) to promote energy defocusing.

The invention relates to a method for using X-ray fluorescence to analyze the extent of porosity of terrigenous clasolite in oil drilling; the method comprises the following steps of: adopting an energy dispersion-typed X-ray fluorescence analyzer to carry out continuous analysis to the chemical elements in the rock core and rock debris in the oil drilling field with the drilling depth; obtaining the analysis data of the X-ray fluorescence changing with the depth; selecting silicon and ferrum elements which have obvious positive and negative relationship with the reservoir property of the rock; using the data of the silicon and ferrum elements to carry out 0-1 normalization data calculation; then calculating the extent of porosity; finally mapping the curve of the extent of porosity; and evaluating the reservoir property according to the curve of the extent of porosity and the value of the extent of porosity. The method of the invention can carry out X-ray fluorescence analysis and the analysis of the extent of porosity of the terrigenous clasolite in real time, use the data of the extent of porosity in real time to carry out quantitative evaluation to the reservoir property of the rock, form a geology explanation and evaluation method with the drilling based on the analysis of the X-ray fluorescence and guide exploration and development practice of oil and natural gas accurately and effectively.

The invention discloses a method that analyzes shale content in petroleum drilling wells by utilizing X ray fluorescence. The method adopts a chromatic energy dispersion typed X ray fluorescence analyzer for implementing continuous analysis of chemical elements in rock cores and rock debris corresponding with the depth of the drilling wells in a petroleum drilling spot and obtaining X ray fluorescence analyzing data corresponding with the depth change, the linear regression method is adopted for implementing correlation analysis and statistics of the X ray fluorescence analyzing data, computing the correlation coefficient between different elements, computing an average correlation coefficient between one element and other 11 elements, and choosing an element that has the largest average correlation coefficient; the shale content is computed; and a shale content curve corresponding to the depth change of the drilling wells is plotted. The method of the invention can be used for implementing timely and accurate shale content analysis of lithologic characters of drilled stratum, implementing qualitative and quantitative lithologic characters and storage capability evaluation according to shale content analyzing data, and forming an drilled geology interpreting and evaluating method that realizes the analysis according to the X ray fluorescence in drilling spot, and can correctly and efficiently instruct the exploration, exploitation and drilling production of petroleum and natural gas.

The nanofabrication of a hydrogen gas nanosensor device from single straight and branched, tripod shaped ZnO nanorods using in-situ lift-out technique, performed in the chamber of a focused ion beam (FIB) system is disclosed. Self-assembled ZnO branched nanorods have been grown by a cost-effective and fast synthesis route using an aqueous solution deposition method and rapid thermal processing. The properties of the ZnO nanorod structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. High quality ZnO nanorods were obtained with a 90% success rate for building nanodevices. The fabricated nanosensor can gauge 150 ppm hydrogen gas in the air at room temperature. The nanosensor has selectivity for other gases such as oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide and liquid propane gas. The ZnO nanorod sensors of the present invention also operate at low power of less than 5 microwatts.

An electron beam (4) to be irradiated onto a sample (10) is two-dimensionally scanned by a scanning coil (9), and secondary electrons generated from the sample (10) by the scanning are detected by a secondary electron detector (13). A deflection coil (15) for image shifting is used for electrically deflecting the primary electron beam to shift a field of view for image shift in an arbitrary direction by an arbitrary amount. By the image shift, the primary electron beam (4) to be irradiated onto the sample is energy dispersed to degrade the resolution. However, an E×B field producer (30) for dispersion control gives the primary electron beam energy dispersion in the opposite direction and having the equal magnitude. Therefore, the energy dispersion produced in the primary electron beam by the image shift is automatically corrected.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional dirac semi-metal material-based infrared saturable absorption device. A three-dimensional dirac semi-metal material with a zero band gap and a linear energy dispersion relation is utilized as a saturable absorption layer; an operating wavelength covers an infrared region; and a plurality of parameters have high adjustability. The three-dimensional dirac semi-metal material-based infrared saturable absorption device comprises the saturable absorption layer and an optical element, wherein the saturable absorption layer is formed by a three-dimensional dirac semi-metal material; and the optical element is required for bearing the saturable absorption layer; a reflective saturable absorption device comprises a functional layer (1), an optical substrate (2), the saturable absorption layer (3) and a reflecting layer (4) from top to bottom; a transmission type saturable absorption device comprises the functional layer (1), the optical substrate (2) an the saturable absorption layer (3); and the operating wavelength covers the infrared region. An infrared Q-switched and mode-locked laser device of the three-dimensional dirac semi-metal material-based saturable absorption device has the advantages of high stability, tunable operating wavelength, high output power and the like.

The invention relates to a welding method of laser brazing of X 80 pipeline steel and belongs to the advanced manufacturing technology field. High energy laser source is utilized as unified preheating light source and welding light source to perform steps which comprises laser-bounce, transverse beam splitting, energy distribution and inward refocusing are performed on laser through a reflecting mirror, a spectroscope and a focusing mirror, the purpose of laser transverse beam energy distribution is achieved by adjusting the position of the spectroscope, distance between a front laser beam and a rear laser beam is adjusted by adjusting the size of a wedge angle of the spectroscope to form into the front laser beam and the rear laser beam, the front laser beam is served as a preheating light beam, the rear laser beam is served as a welding beam, and energy dispersion of the preheat light beam is performed through a concave lens when the preheating beam is utilized to preheat. The welding method of the laser brazing of the X 80 pipeline steel solves the problem that nonuniform weld microstructure caused by common welding is easy to cause electrochemical corrosion.

The invention discloses an iteration frequency domain minimum mean square error equilibrium method under a double-dispersion channel based on weighted score Fourier transformation, and relates to an iteration frequency domain minimum mean square error channel equilibrium method in a mixed carrier wave communication system under a wireless double-dispersion channel or an underwater acoustic susceptance channel, in order to solve the problem of energy dispersion of signals on a time domain or a frequency domain at the same time. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, a mixed carrier wave modulation system emitting end completes the mixed carrier wave modulation; secondly, a cyclic prefix is added for a time domain sequence x and is subjected to parallel-serial conversion; thirdly, a time domain sampling sequence is transmitted in serial; fourthly, the mixed carrier wave modulation system receiving end neglects a CP (computer program) part; fifthly, the time domain sampling sequence y is subjected to DFT (discrete Fourier transformation) at N points; sixthly, sampling points at the frequency corresponding to a certain sub carrier wave of the frequency domain are subjected to linear MMSE (minimum mean square error) estimation and N-point-stage WFRFT (weighted score Fourier transformation); seventhly, apriori information and Rho s=X(s, s) are estimated gradually; eighthly, the apriori information of the corresponding frequency domain is calculated; ninthly, the apriori information is fed back. The iteration frequency domain minimum mean square error equilibrium method under the double-dispersion channel based on weighted score Fourier transformation provided by the invention is applied to the mobile communication field.

The invention relates to a coal gangue phase analysis method based on an energy dispersion X-ray spectrum. The method includes the specific steps of firstly, analyzing the chemical composition of coal gangue through chemical analysis or X-ray spectrofluorimetry; secondly, analyzing the mineral composition of coal gangue through X-ray diffraction; thirdly, determining types of elements where energy spectrum face distribution images need to be collected; fourthly, shooting backscattered electron images and element energy spectrum face distribution images of coal gangue, and analyzing and observing composition of main phases through energy spectrum points; fifthly, designing a phase analysis method, comprehensively processing the energy spectrum distribution images of all the elements in the same area, removing noise in the analysis result, and obtaining split phase pseudocolor images and the phase analysis result of coal gangue. The phase analysis method can be used for type analysis, volume percentage content calculation and space distribution observation in coal gangue and activated coal gangue. The method is effective for both the crystalline state phase and the amorphous state phase, and is sensitive to the low-content phase.

The invention discloses a power distribution network energy dispersion coordination and optimization method based on reweighted acceleration Lagrangian. The method establishes a multi-time scale linear cone optimal power flow module and utilizes a virtual auxiliary variable split node to decompose the power distribution network into a plurality of area sub systems, and puts forward a dispersion coordination and optimization method based on local area reweighted acceleration Lagrangian to implement dispersion coordination and optimization of active and reactive resource of the whole network. The power distribution network energy dispersion coordination and optimization method enables each sub system to realize parallel synchronization iterative solution, and has no requirement for overall coordination, and only a small quantity of information interaction is required between adjacent sub systems. The power distribution network energy dispersion coordination and optimization method is high in calculating efficiency and is high in convergence characteristic.

The invention discloses an energy dispersion X ray fluorescence spectrometer, which comprises an object stage, an X ray generating device, a detector, a control system and a secondary target stage, wherein the object stage is used for bearing a sample; the X ray generating device is used for emitting primary X rays; the detector is used for detecting fluorescent light generated by the sample under the irradiation of X rays; the control system is used for receiving the fluorescent light generated by the sample and detected by the detector and analyzing the elements and element contents in the sample; the secondary target stage is used for accommodating a secondary target material; and secondary X rays generated by the secondary target material under the irradiation of primary X rays are irradiated to the sample. The primary X rays generated by the X ray generating device are used for irradiating the secondary target material and a single-color excitation source generated by the secondary target material under the irradiation of the primary X rays is used for irradiating the sample, so that low-content elements in the sample can be detected, high-content and low-content elements in the sample can be tested through one-time measurement by using the same instrument, and the testing accuracy and efficiency are greatly improved.

An iteration time domain MMSE (minimum mean square error) equilibrium method based on weighted-type fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) in a doubly dispersive channel is provided. The invention relates to an iteration time domain MMSE equilibrium method in a hybrid carrier communication system. The method aims at solving a problem of simultaneous energy dispersion in tune domain and frequency domain by signals, which is caused by large Doppler frequency shift due to high-speed relative motion of two parties in the communications. The method comprises the following steps that 1) a time domain x is obtained through the completion of hybrid carrier modulation; 2) a time domain sampling sequence y is obtained; 3) the time domain sampling sequence y is transmitted serially and channel coefficients are obtained; 4) received time domain signals are sampled, and linear MMSE estimations are conducted on the time domain signals; 5) a time domain estimation sequence after linear MMSE estimations are converted to an alpha-order EFRFT domain through an N-point alpha-order WFRFT; 6) statistical mean value and square error of every symbol in the alpha-order WFRFT domain estimated value sequence are respectively calculated by using an array R (1) and an array C (1) obtained in step 5); 7) a priori information in the next iteration is calculated. The method can be applied to the field of mobile communications.

The invention relates to a fast analyzer for nondestructive measuring heavy metal cadmium in foods and an analyzing method, and belongs to the technical field of food safety detection. The fast analyzer comprises an X-ray fluorescence analysis mechanism, an analyzer case, a specimen cup and an intelligent controlling mechanism. The analyzing method comprises the following steps: specimens are put into the specimen cup, and the specimen cup is put into the detection hole of the analyzer case; the X-ray fluorescence analysis mechanism is adopted to measure; the content of cadmium in the specimens is calculated by the intelligent controlling mechanism; the X-ray fluorescence analysis mechanism is an X-ray fluorescence analysis mechanism with high power energy dispersion; the specimens are powdery or granular specimens without chemical digestion or enrichment pretreatment. According to the invention, the fast analyzer has the following advantage: the pretreatment is not needed to be carried out on food specimens, the purpose that the heavy metal cadmium in the food specimens is detected can be realized; the fast analyzer has the characteristics of non-destruction, directness, rapidness, high sensitivity, convenience for field measurement and the like.

The invention discloses an X-ray detection method for a fluorescence analyzer. The method comprises the following steps of: separating the characteristic X-ray of an object to be detected by utilizing the Bragg's law; detecting the separated characteristic X-ray by an X-ray detector to obtain spectroscopic data; processing the spectroscopic data of the separated characteristic X-ray by an energy dispersion method; detecting the characteristic X-ray of all elements before light splitting by singly using an X-ray detector with high resolution, and carrying out spectrum peak calculation by the energy dispersion method. Grade calculation is carried out on data processed by using two methods, thereby the grade analysis precision can be improved compared with that obtained by singly using one analysis method. The invention is particularly suitable for the condition that the physical property of the object to be detected has greater change and the conditions of low-grade measurement and nonmetal element measurement.

A charged particle filter with an integrated energy filter, in which the charged particle emitter, the focusing electrodes, and the deflection electrodes are arranged round a straight axis. Where most energy filters used have a highly curved optical axis, and thus use parts with forms that are difficult to manufacture, the source according the invention uses electrodes surrounding a straight optical axis. A beam of charged particles can be deflected quite far from the axis showing respectable energy dispersion at an energy selecting slit without introducing coma or astigmatism that cannot be corrected, provided that some of the are formed as 120° / 60° / 120° / 60°. Such electrodes can be attached to each other by gluing or brazing of ceramic, and then series of a highly concentric bores can be formed by, e.g., spark erosion.

The invention discloses an experimental method for measuring the high-temperature mechanical-chemical coupling of a material by utilizing a nanoindentor, and belongs to the technical field of engineering materials, structural deformation and experiments in mechanics. The experimental method is technically characterized by comprising the following steps: performing an indentation experiment on a polished surface of a test piece after the temperature reaches a target temperature by utilizing a high-temperature environment provided by a nanoindentor, so as to obtain an indentation on the surface of the test piece, and maintaining the contact between a pressing head and the indentation, so that the material is oxidized in a certain time under the stress conditions; and analyzing and measuring the tensile stress of a pressing head action area on the surface of the material and the oxide layer thickness of a compressive stress area by virtue of a transmission electron microscope and an energy dispersion X-ray spectrometer after the experiment is ended, and calculating the oxidation rate of the material in different stress states. According to the experimental method disclosed by the invention, the oxidation rate of the material in the different stress states is measured under the micron and nano scales according to the specific experimental analysis result of the nanoindentor, and the mechanical-chemical coupling process and performance of the material are evaluated.

The invention describes a particle source in which energy selection occurs. The energy selection occurs by sending a beam of electrically charged particles 13 eccentrically through a lens 6. As a result of this, energy dispersion will occur in an image 15 formed by the lens 6. By projecting this image 15 onto a diaphragm 7, it is possible to only allow particles in a limited portion of the energy spectrum to pass. Consequently, the passed beam 16 will have a reduced energy spread. By adding a deflection unit 10, this particle beam 16 can be deflected toward the optical axis 2. One can also elect to deflect a beam 12 going through the middle of the lens 6 - and having, for example, greater current - toward the optical axis.

The invention discloses a fuzzy star map restoration method adopting regional filtering, relates to the technical field of celestial navigation, and solves the problems that the positioning precisionof the mass center of a star point is reduced and the attitude measurement precision of a star sensor is seriously influenced because the signal-to-noise ratio of an image is reduced and a fuzzy region of the star point is difficult to extract due to a motion fuzzy phenomenon of the start point due to energy dispersion in an imaging process when the star sensor works in a dynamic condition. The method comprises the steps of building motion models of the mass center of the star point under different working conditions; determining a motion track of the mass center of the star point; extractingthe fuzzy region of the star point; preprocessing images inside and outside the fuzzy region by utilizing a regional filtering algorithm; and finally, restoring a fuzzy star map by utilizing an imagerestoration algorithm and a degradation function. The method can adapt to the high-dynamic (2 degrees / s) condition, and can improve the positioning precision of the mass center of the star point whileeffectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the image.

An electron beam (4) to be irradiated onto a sample (10) is two-dimensionally scanned by a scanning coil (9), and secondary electrons generated from the sample (10) by the scanning are detected by a secondary electron detector (13). A deflection coil (15) for image shifting is used for electrically deflecting the primary electron beam to shift a field of view for image shift in an arbitrary direction by an arbitrary amount. By the image shift, the primary electron beam (4) to be irradiated onto the sample is energy dispersed to degrade the resolution. However, an E×B field producer (30) for dispersion control gives the primary electron beam energy dispersion in the opposite direction and having the equal magnitude. Therefore, the energy dispersion produced in the primary electron beam by the image shift is automatically corrected.

A particle accelerator system, including apparatuses and methods, for producing a beam of bunched charged particles at high intensities and with minimal energy dispersion comprises a bunching section having a plurality of bunching cavities, an accelerating section having a plurality of accelerating and coupling cavities, and an electromagnetic drive subsystem having a single radio-frequency (RF) generator coupled to the accelerating section at a single location. The accelerating and bunching sections are directly coupled and share a common wall, which may have a resonant coupling cavity therein, such that charged particles bunch in the bunching section and travel through the common wall into the accelerating section where they are accelerated and exit the particle accelerator system as a beam of bunched charged particles. Preferably, a phase shift of one hundred-eighty degrees (180°) (or it radians) is created between the electric fields of successive bunching cavities in the bunching section.

The invention discloses a polarization secondary target energy dispersion type X-ray fluorescent spectrograph. According to the spectrograph disclosed by the invention, two planes, namely a secondary target and a sample, are arranged on a spatial stereoscopic light path, an X-ray tube of the spectrograph emits primary X rays, the primary X rays are incident to the secondary target in an angle of 45 degrees, scattered rays of the primary X rays emergent from the secondary target in the angle of 45 degrees are full-polarization X rays with polarization direction vertical to an incident plane, and target characteristic X rays excited on the secondary target by the primary X rays are isotropous circular polarization rays and are discrete spectral lines. By adopting the spectrograph disclosed by the invention, peak-to-background ratio is improved, detection limit of microelement detection is reduced, low-content elements in the sample can be detected, and test accuracy and efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the potassium content of black powder. The method comprises the following steps: preparing multiple potassium chloride working solutions with different concentrations, taking an energy dispersion type X-ray fluorescence spectrometer as the detection instrument, assuming a certain amount of samples, adopting a mathematical intensity correction method to establish an analysis method, converting the potassium (K) mass concentrations of prepared potassium chloride working solutions into potassium (K) mass percentage concentrations; recording the fluorescence strength of K for each sample injection, drawing a calibration curve; preparing a sample solution from black powder to be detected, recording the fluorescence strength of K displayed on the instrument, reading the value of mass percentage concentration of K on the calibration curve corresponding to the fluorescence strength, and calculating the content of K. By optimizing the dissolution conditions and parameters of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the matrix effect among elements in the sample can be eliminated or basically eliminated. The provided method has the advantages of simple operation, short detection period, good accuracy, and high precision.

An electromagnetic cardiac assembly adapted to assist ventricular output in a human heart includes a magnetic mat adapted for mounting inside a human body near the heart. The mat is made from a material responsive to application of an electromagnetic field so as to be movable into compressive relation with the heart in response to application of the electromagnetic field thereto and movable out of said compressive relation to permit the heart to relax when application of the electromagnetic field is discontinued. The assembly also includes an electromagnetic subassembly adapted for mounting on the human body in functionally cooperative relation with respect to the mat, and an energy dispersion device adapted for mounting between the mat and the heart. The energy dispersion device is constructed and arranged to disperse energy between the mat and the heart.

A white X-ray generating means (2) and an X-ray detecting means (3) are respectively moved to a first position (shown by a solid line in the Fig.) and a second position (shown by a one-dot-chain line in the Fig.) that are separated, X-ray intensities, for each energy, detected at respective positions by the X-ray detecting means are obtained as first data and second data, a third data, that is refraction-X-ray-only data, is obtained based on the difference between the first data and the second data, and data about fluorescent X-ray is obtained from the difference between the first or second data and the third data.

The invention provides an energy dispersion buffer system, and comprises at least one buffer device, wherein the buffer device comprises at least three tyre pillar units, a round net unit, a filling unit and a cladding unit; the tyre pillar units are arranged at intervals and are respectively provided with a branch positioning pillar, a plurality of waste tyres and a cladding net; the waste tyres are arranged on the positioning pillar in a sleeved mode along the length direction of the positioning pillar and are stacked with each other; the cladding net clads the waste tyres; the round net unit comprises the tyre pillar units and defines out an accommodation space; the filling unit is filled in the accommodation space; the cladding unit is provided with a plurality of waste tyres cladded at the outside of the tyre pillar units, the round net unit and the filling unit; and the waste tyres are bound and fixed on the round net unit at least, and the adjacent waste tyres are bound and fixed with each other. The invention adopts the buffer device to eliminate the wave of the water flow, thereby reducing the water flow speed, and enabling the sand and stones around the base part of the building not to be hollowed out.