35 results about "Advanced manufacturing" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of spacecrafts, in particular to a spacecraft defense material and a preparation method thereof, and designs a structure capable of effectively absorbing and dispersing impact energy on microscopic and macroscopic scales by utilizing computer simulation and an advanced material modeling technology. A base material with high strength, high toughness, light weight and corrosion resistance is selected, nanofibers, nanoparticles or nanosheet layers are embedded into the base material by utilizing a nanotechnology so as to enhance the mechanical property and the impact resistance of the base material, and the shape, the structure and the performance of the material are accurately controlled by adopting an advanced manufacturing technology. The prepared materials are stacked, bonded or mechanically connected together to form a final defense structure, and the structure is strictly tested. By combining a nanotechnology, composite material engineering and an additive manufacturing defense material, the deep requirement of a space exploration task is met, and the safety of astronauts and the smooth completion of the task are ensured.

This invention relates to a high-precision, cost-effective method for manufacturing open, curved integral thin-shell shells, belonging to the field of advanced manufacturing. It solves the problem that existing methods struggle to simultaneously achieve low cost, high efficiency, and high precision when manufacturing open, curved integral thin-shell shells. The method includes the following steps: S1, establishing a theoretical model of the thin-shell; S2, performing finite element simulation of subsequent assembly processes on the thin-shell; S3, performing finite element simulation of the mold during heating; S4, digitally unfolding the reconstructed thin-shell model to obtain an accurate planar unfolded model of the thin-shell. This invention, through multiple key steps such as thin-shell reconstruction, mold reconstruction and / or differential temperature design, and conversion of the three-dimensional thin-shell model into a planar unfolded model, can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency of thin-shell shells, shortening the processing cycle by more than 75%; reducing costs by more than 80%; and improving the precision of thin-shell manufacturing, with product surface accuracy reaching the order of 0.3mm / 1000mm.

This invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a method for processing micro-cast parts based on an embedded heat conductor and its application. The method includes the following steps: placing an embedded heat conductor on a substrate and thermally coupling the embedded heat conductor with the substrate; applying molten molding material to the embedded heat conductor and the substrate, so that the molding material completely encapsulates the embedded heat conductor and spreads on the substrate surface; cooling the molding material through the substrate and the embedded heat conductor to obtain the micro-cast part; during the cooling process, the embedded heat conductor acts as a priority internal heat dissipation channel, reconstructing the temperature field distribution inside the molding material. Compared with existing technologies, this invention solves the technical bottleneck of the single and uncontrollable solidification morphology of solidified droplets in existing technologies. This solution achieves precise control from topological mapping to complex three-dimensional morphology, while effectively suppressing shrinkage defects in volume-shrinkage materials, and is applicable to the processing of micro-cast parts from various materials such as water-based systems, polymer systems, and molten metals.

This invention belongs to the field of photocurable materials, specifically relating to a UV-curable material with shape memory and self-healing functions and its manufacturing method. The process involves reacting starch, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride, and methanesulfonic acid in glacial acetic acid to form acetate starch; reacting epoxidized soybean oil, methanol, and tetrafluoroboric acid to form soybean oil-based polyol; reacting this polyol with tert-butyl acetoacetate to form acetylated soybean oil; reacting this prepolymer with polytetrahydrofuran, diisocyanate, and isobornyl acrylate to form an acetylated soybean oil-based polyurethane photosensitive prepolymer; and finally reacting this prepolymer with acetate starch, a diluent, and a photoinitiator to form a UV-curable material with shape memory and self-healing functions. This invention features high reactivity, mild reaction conditions, high atom utilization, and the material exhibits excellent mechanical, thermal, shape memory, and self-healing properties. It is suitable for applications in adhesives, flexible electronic packaging, and advanced manufacturing.

This invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-silicon Fe-based magnetic media using a remelting-rescanning strategy via laser 3D printing, belonging to the fields of advanced manufacturing and mineral magnetic separation. This invention uses high-silicon Fe-based magnetic media powder as raw material. During laser additive manufacturing, the same powder layer is scanned multiple times. After the initial melting, the layer is scanned at least once more using the same laser scanning path, resulting in the high-silicon Fe-based magnetic media. This invention inherits the additive manufacturing characteristics of selective laser melting technology, effectively solving the bottlenecks of extremely brittle processing and geometric limitations in traditional manufacturing processes. Furthermore, it enables personalized customization of the shape and structure of complex high-frequency magnetic media, providing a new approach for manufacturing high-performance high-silicon Fe-based magnetic media. The process of this invention is simple and controllable, and the resulting product has superior overall performance, facilitating large-scale industrial applications.

This application discloses a method, apparatus, and electronic device for predicting fracture strain in metallic materials. The method includes first determining the stress triaxiality and Lode angle of the metallic material under test based on the stress state at the test point; then constructing a stress fracture prediction model based on the correlation function between fracture strain and stress triaxiality and Lode angle; next, coupling this model with the Johnson-Cook fracture model to form a thermo-mechanical-strain rate coupled fracture prediction model; and finally, determining the target fracture strain based on this model. This approach not only overcomes the limitation of insufficient consideration of the Lode angle in existing fracture models but also achieves efficient model construction with very few parameters to be calibrated. The model is applicable to fracture prediction under complex stress, high temperature, and high strain rate multi-field coupling, significantly improving prediction accuracy while enhancing the model's engineering applicability and robustness, providing a reliable fracture assessment tool for cutting-edge engineering scenarios such as advanced manufacturing and extreme environment equipment design.

The application discloses a flywheel post-processing thermal deformation residual stress release and return control system and method, relates to the advanced manufacturing and industrial artificial intelligence control technical field, and the steps of the method comprise the following steps: obtaining flywheel initial compressive stress and asynchronous space-time sensing data in sequence, and extracting a thermal hysteresis dislocation index, a warping misjudgment separation degree and a targeted compressive stress retention rate in parallel; the above-mentioned multi-source features are injected into a waveform optimization model to calculate a coupling degradation flow form degree, and a variable-frequency pulse heating waveform is output by combining a anti-whip bias matrix inversion; finally, the reciprocal of the flow form degree is monotonically integrated and mapped to generate a return position confidence index, so as to trigger the system to stop accurately. The application effectively avoids the structural resonance caused by high-frequency thermal pulses, avoids the indiscriminate dissipation of the preset compressive stress resisting centrifugal force, and realizes the safe release of residual stress and the size return.

This paper discloses a system and method for real-time process recipe generation in semiconductor process systems. The system and method utilize digital twins, optimization techniques, and inverse neural networks. A search and matching procedure leverages metadata obtained from simulated and real-world process cases to effectively identify process recipes and subsystem control parameters. When no matches are found, these parameters can be optimized using optimization algorithms or inverse neural networks. Applications of this system and method include atomic layer etching (ALE) and other advanced manufacturing processes.

The application belongs to the field of extreme environment advanced manufacturing technology, and discloses an experimental device for realizing metal laser spot welding in a high-pressure environment, which can simulate deep-sea and deep-well high-pressure working conditions and provide an experimental platform for in-situ laser welding and repair process research of metal components in extreme environments. The device is composed of four modules, i.e. a high-pressure bin, a safety system, an environment control system and a laser system. The high-pressure bin system is provided with airtight pressure-bearing structure, pressure-resistant optical window and multi-layer sealing to ensure the stability of high pressure. The laser system integrates a laser, a spot welding head and a precise displacement assembly to realize accurate laser introduction and welding spot positioning. The environment control system is combined with a gas path pressurization, heating and vacuum pumping unit to accurately control the temperature and pressure in the cabin. The safety system is provided with an explosion-proof safety cabinet and a lens circulating cooling device to realize comprehensive safety protection. The application fills the gap of laser spot welding experimental equipment in a high-pressure environment and provides experimental basis and technical support for the development and optimization of laser repair process of metal structures in deep sea and deep earth.

This invention relates to a gradient-thickness honeycomb structure and its fabrication method. The honeycomb structure includes: a spatial array composed of multiple gradient-thickness honeycomb units; each gradient-thickness honeycomb unit includes a vertical wall and an intermediate layer connected to the vertical wall; the wall thickness of the vertical wall is continuously gradient-distributed along the height direction, the maximum wall thickness is located at the junction region where it intersects with the intermediate layer, and the minimum wall thickness is located at the end away from the intermediate layer. Compared with the prior art, this invention eliminates abrupt stiffness changes, achieving synergistic load-bearing; optimizes material layout, achieving high efficiency and lightweight; and is highly compatible with advanced manufacturing processes, achieving integrated high-precision molding.

This invention relates to a method for analyzing the hydrogen explosion process mechanism of recycled NdFeB materials, belonging to the field of simulation technology for rare earth permanent magnet material processing and advanced manufacturing. The method includes: constructing a simplified recycled NdFeB model; establishing a multiphysics numerical model based on the recycled NdFeB model by coupling rare earth diffusion, chemical field, temperature field, stress field, and phase field; solving the multiphysics numerical model to obtain the trends in hydrogen absorption rate and amount, stress and elastic strain energy changes, and phase field evolution data of the NdFeB material during the hydrogen explosion process. This invention can quantitatively simulate, visualize, analyze, and predict the multi-field coupling evolution behavior and final fragmentation effect within the material during the hydrogen explosion process.

The application is suitable for the field of advanced manufacturing and intelligent detection technology, and provides an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding nugget diameter prediction method, which comprises the following steps: collecting multi-source dynamic signals in the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding process and preprocessing to obtain a pure main welding waveform; constructing a physical benchmark model based on a heat transfer equation with an electrode degradation penalty term correction, and outputting a physical benchmark diameter; constructing a residual compensation network based on an extreme gradient boosting algorithm, taking the process features extracted from the pure main welding waveform as input, and predicting the residual between the physical benchmark diameter and the actual nugget diameter; adding the physical benchmark diameter and the residual to obtain the final predicted diameter. Through additive fusion of physical guidance and residual learning, the defects of pure physical model being difficult to adapt to dynamic working conditions and pure data-driven model being prone to overfitting and lacking of interpretability are overcome, and high-precision, strong-generalization and physically interpretable aluminum alloy resistance spot welding nugget diameter online prediction is realized.

This invention relates to a method for bending and forming ultra-thick, high-ribbed aluminum alloy grid panel using CNC milling, belonging to the field of advanced manufacturing technology. The method includes: CNC milling the sheet material to create a grid pattern; processing filler and pads, processing filler material and pads according to the grid shape, size, and quantity; fixing the filler and pads, placing the filler into the grid, and then covering the grid with the pads to form the panel; and material placement and alignment. This invention achieves the bending and forming of ultra-large grid-patterned sheet materials by establishing reasonable rolling bending process parameters, solving the problem of manual alignment for ultra-large panel construction.

This application discloses a method, system, and medium for monitoring the laser drilling process based on acoustic emission signals, relating to the fields of laser processing and advanced manufacturing. The method includes: performing a short-time Fourier transform on the original audio signal to obtain the spectrum of each frame; extracting the energy of each frame's spectrum within the band of interest to obtain an energy sequence; processing the energy sequence, marking frames exceeding a threshold, and forming threshold intervals based on consecutive threshold frames; merging adjacent threshold intervals with an interval time less than or equal to a preset maximum allowable gap to obtain a merged interval; selecting the merged interval with the longest duration from the merged intervals, determining the start time of the selected merged interval as the processing start time, and the end time as the hole drilling completion time; and determining the time of the last threshold frame in the denoised audio signal as the processing end time. This application achieves accurate monitoring of the processing start, hole drilling completion, and processing end times, improving the automation level and reliability of the monitoring.

The application discloses a multi-axis curved surface laser drilling machine and relates to the field of advanced manufacturing technology combining laser technology and mechanical control. The device comprises a machine body, a drilling assembly arranged on the top of the machine body, and a multi-axis adjusting unit arranged on the top of the machine body and used for adjusting the state of materials. The multi-axis adjusting unit comprises a position adjusting assembly used for moving materials in X and Y axis directions on the machine body, a horizontal rotating part arranged above the position adjusting assembly, and a turnover part arranged between the position adjusting assembly and the horizontal rotating part. The device can adjust the position of the materials through the multi-axis adjusting unit, and the adjustment can simultaneously adjust the direction and angle of the materials. The direction of the materials is changed and the angle of the materials is turned over, so that the materials are adapted to the laser drilling machine, the drilling work on the curved surface of the materials is performed, the accuracy and speed of the drilling are ensured, and the requirements of users are met.

The utility model relates to the technical field of oxygen detection, and discloses a trace oxygen purity detection device which comprises an outer tube and a detection inner tube, and a platinum wire temperature sensor is wound outside the detection inner tube; the sealing structure comprises end cylinders and ribs, the two ends of the outer pipe are each provided with one end cylinder, the two end cylinders are fixedly provided with the multiple ribs, the ribs are attached to the exterior of the outer pipe, gas is fed into a cavity of the detection inner pipe through the gas feeding pipe, and the gas is mainly hydrogen generated by electrolyzing water and gas to be detected; hydrogen and oxygen react to release heat under the catalytic action of a catalyst, the platinum wire temperature sensor can absorb heat, bridge unbalance is triggered through changes of the platinum wire temperature sensor, an output voltage signal and the oxygen concentration are in a linear relation, and then the oxygen concentration is measured. The trace oxygen detection device is improved in the aspects of precision, speed and stability in a breakthrough manner, and is particularly suitable for the advanced manufacturing field with strict requirements on oxygen content control.

The embodiment of the application provides a three-dimensional induction welding coil optimization design method and related equipment, and belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing and electromagnetic heating technology. The method comprises the following steps: discretizing a three-dimensional design space, defining geometric and topological constraints, and constructing a scalarization objective function; according to the obstacle layout, the homotopy class is divided, the representative curve is generated as an initial topological template; a differential homeomorphism mapping parameterized by a radial basis function network is constructed to drive the representative curve to deform geometrically; a serialization decision strategy is adopted, a fast proxy model based on the Biot-Savart law and a local gradient adaptive step are combined to iteratively optimize the deformation parameters at low cost; the candidate path is verified by high-fidelity finite element simulation, and the design meeting the engineering index and having the maximum and minimum performance margin is selected as the final result. The application significantly reduces the calculation cost while strictly guaranteeing the physical feasibility of the coil, and improves the efficiency and yield of complex structure design.

This invention discloses a lightweight ball core design method, a lightweight ball core, an additive manufacturing process, and a ball valve, relating to the fields of mechanical component design and advanced manufacturing technology. The method achieves design through five steps: defining baseline working conditions, topology optimization of a configuration library, unified simulation comparison, quantitative evaluation and selection, and engineering refinement of the output model. Topology optimization applies process constraints, the truss structure employs a unit decomposition and recombination method, and a quantitative evaluation index system is also constructed. The lightweight ball core of this invention incorporates a single or composite internal support structure selected by this method, preferably a dumbbell-shaped composite structure with a central partition. Its additive manufacturing process uses selective laser melting of metal for integrated forming, with preheated substrate and pre-set powder venting holes in the model. A ball valve incorporating this ball core is also disclosed, enabling pre-manufacturability implementation, data-driven scientific decision-making, forming a design-structure-manufacturing closed loop, balancing lightweighting and mechanical performance, and improving the overall performance of the ball core and ball valve.

This invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, specifically disclosing an integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment, including a small integrated device and a large integrated device. The small integrated device includes an integrated housing, a laser cutting area, a mechanical clamping area, a 3D printing area, and control buttons. The laser cutting area is located on one side inside the integrated housing, and the mechanical clamping area is located on the middle side inside the integrated housing. By setting up small and large integrated devices, this invention integrates the two originally independent processes of 3D printing and laser processing into a single device. This significantly shortens the transfer time of parts between different processing stages, effectively avoids the cumulative errors introduced by multiple clamping and positioning, thereby greatly improving overall manufacturing efficiency, while reducing logistics costs and time consumption, bringing a more efficient and precise processing solution to the manufacturing industry.

The utility model discloses a multifunctional combined numerical control machine tool belongs to advanced manufacturing technology field, and its technical scheme main points include cylindrical pedestal, the top fixed connection of cylindrical pedestal has annular platen, the inside of cylindrical pedestal and annular platen all swing joint has station switching mechanism, the inside swing joint of station switching mechanism has same direction fixed establishment, the top fixed connection of annular platen has sealed processing cover, can set up through the arc plate of circular combined numerical control machine tool, sealed processing cover and processing module, can carry out cutting, drilling etc. multi -link processing to multiple workpieces synchronously, realize the parallel operation of multiple processes to improve the efficiency, it makes multiple sets of positioning block synchronous to the workpiece inwards clamping through servo motor drive positioning structure, lets the workpiece complete corresponding process in different processing area after once clamping, fundamentally solves the problem of insufficient precision caused by the cumulative error of workpiece needing multiple clamping during multiple processings.

This invention relates to a manufacturing method for a lightweight, high-load-bearing, complex integral thin-shell, belonging to the field of advanced manufacturing. It solves the problem that existing methods struggle to efficiently, cost-effectively, and precisely manufacture such shells. The manufacturing method includes the following steps: S1, establishing a theoretical model of the thin-shell; S2, performing finite element simulation of subsequent assembly processes to obtain a reconstructed model; S3, designing a manufacturing process scheme based on the reconstructed and theoretical models, including a thin-shell forming scheme and a preform manufacturing process scheme; and S4, manufacturing the thin-shell according to the manufacturing process scheme. This invention, through multiple key steps such as thin-shell reconstruction, thin-shell forming scheme design, and preform manufacturing process scheme design, effectively improves the precision and efficiency of thin-shell manufacturing, achieves precise weight control, enhances the load-bearing capacity of the thin-shell, shortens the processing cycle, and reduces costs.

This application provides an electrostatic chuck, relating to the field of semiconductor manufacturing technology. The electrostatic chuck includes: a first electrode layer comprising a first positive electrode and a first negative electrode spaced apart, both the first positive and first negative electrodes being annular in shape with their centers coinciding, and electrically connected; and a second electrode layer, stacked and spaced apart from the first electrode layer along a first direction, the second electrode layer including a second positive electrode, the second positive electrode being annular in shape, and its center coinciding with that of the first positive electrode; the projections of the first positive electrode, the first negative electrode, and the second positive electrode along the first direction are not coincident. This achieves vertical separation and horizontal misalignment of the first and second electrode layers, which facilitates more consistent adsorption forces acting on various points of the substrate, adapting to stable adsorption of semiconductor and non-conductive substrates, and meeting the high-efficiency and high-precision requirements of mixed-line processing of multiple substrate types in advanced manufacturing processes.

Disclosed herein are a system and method for real-time recipe generation in semiconductor manufacturing, utilizing digital twins, optimization techniques, and inverse neural networks. A search-and-match procedure uses metadata from simulated and real process cases to efficiently identify recipe and subsystem control parameters. When matches are unavailable, optimization algorithms or inverse neural networks refine these parameters. Applications include atomic layer etching (ALE) and other advanced manufacturing processes.

This invention relates to an algorithm for visual recognition and wear assessment of the edge of a grinding wheel tooth in a grinding machine, belonging to the field of advanced manufacturing and automation technology. The algorithm includes the following steps: S1: Image acquisition and region of interest extraction; S2: Image preprocessing and enhancement; S3: Robust localization and anomaly identification of the grinding wheel tooth edge; S4: Extraction of wear feature parameters of the grinding wheel tooth; S5: Comprehensive assessment and grading of wear degree. This invention solves the problems of low accuracy in edge recognition and inaccurate wear assessment of grinding wheel teeth in grinding machines. By using sub-pixel interpolation technology, it overcomes the physical limitations of hardware resolution, improving measurement accuracy. Addressing the characteristics of easily broken and blurred wear edges, a confidence level division and RANSAC repair mechanism are designed to effectively distinguish normal contours from wear defects and avoid noise interference. A multi-dimensional feature vector containing deviation, curvature, area, and roughness is constructed, and a machine learning model is used for comprehensive evaluation, resulting in more objective and accurate results.

The present application belongs to the cross field of energy saving and environmental protection and advanced manufacturing industry technology, and particularly relates to an environmental protection device for high-value utilization of new energy electrolyte dimethyl carbonate waste liquid. The device is particularly suitable for an industrialized DMC production system using synthesis gas as raw material and palladium chloride as catalyst, can realize efficient reuse of nitric acid components in the waste liquid, effective removal of chloride ions and zero hazardous waste discharge in the whole process, and has significant energy saving, emission reduction and cost reduction advantages. The present application not only solves the problem of high-salinity wastewater treatment in the traditional process, but also realizes the technical leap from "end treatment" to "source control" and "resource recycling" through process reconstruction and equipment innovation, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the DMC industry to the green and low-carbon direction.

The present application relates to a kind of methods for improving the manufacturing precision of open arc integral shell, belong to the field of advanced manufacturing, solve the precision deficiency that the thin shell obtained by existing manufacturing process faces after forming and / or assembly, in turn lead to the problem of difficult weight control, low bearing capacity under the condition of same weight.A kind of methods for improving the manufacturing precision of open arc integral shell, comprising the following steps: S1, select suitable integral process scheme, sealing form;S2, carry out finite element simulation to thin shell after assembly subsequent process, reconstruct design, obtain thin shell reconstruction model;S3, carry out temperature finite element simulation to mould, reconstruct design and / or temperature difference design to mould;S4, carry out digitalization development to thin shell reconstruction model.The present application significantly improves the precision of manufacturing thin shell by process scheme, sealing form, thin shell reconstruction, mould reconstruction and / or temperature difference design, thin shell three-dimensional model conversion into thin shell plane development model and other key steps, and the profile precision can reach 0.3mm / 1000mm order of magnitude.

The application discloses a sectional forming method for improving the length of a three-dimensional free bending equipment forming pipe, relates to the field of advanced manufacturing technology of metal complex components, and can form a characteristic component exceeding the length limit by dividing the pipe into two sections for forming. The specific method is as follows: a characteristic component is divided into two parts B and C by taking a straight section in the middle of the characteristic component as a demarcation point, and two programs are obtained by separately analyzing the two parts. During forming, the first program is loaded to form the B section of the characteristic component, the pipe is pulled out after the first section is formed, the unformed section is inserted into the equipment, the second program is loaded to continue forming the C section, and finally the complete characteristic component is obtained. The method can improve the length of the formable pipe to some extent, and can be used for processing and forming a longer pipe.

This invention discloses a method for preparing powdered high-speed steel billets, the powdered high-speed steel billets themselves, and their applications, relating to the field of advanced manufacturing technology for metallic materials. This invention employs a high-frequency induction hot pressing sintering method to prepare powdered high-speed steel billets, enabling rapid manufacturing of these billets and achieving product performance comparable to that obtained through traditional hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Compared to traditional HIP methods, this process is simpler, has a shorter cycle time, and avoids the need for encapsulation, thus reducing costs and improving safety. The powdered high-speed steel prepared by this invention achieves a density of 98.5%, a microhardness of 365 Hv, and tensile strength and yield strength of 723 MPa and 687 MPa, respectively. This allows for short-process, low-cost preparation of powdered high-speed steel billets, which can be used to manufacture hardware cutters, mechanical molds, etc.

This invention relates to a wafer defect detection method and apparatus based on multimodal data and graph neural networks. The method includes: constructing a multimodal heterogeneous dataset for heterogeneous dual wafers; establishing a wafer spatial topology model based on a dual-graph structure; designing a cross-interface bipartite interaction and spatial alignment mechanism; implementing energy projection from the global physics field to local grid points; predicting latent defects based on spatiotemporal evolution memory; and outputting the detection results. This application improves the accuracy of interface void prediction by constructing a dual-graph interactive neural network to model the microscopic morphological mismatch between heterogeneous wafers and introduces a physics field projection mechanism to correlate macroscopic processes with microscopic defects. Combined with spatiotemporal evolution memory for long-range attribution of latent defects, it enhances the accuracy of interface void prediction and provides a decision-making basis for process optimization in advanced manufacturing processes.

This invention discloses a 3D printing method and apparatus for the integrated molding of heterogeneous multi-component components, specifically relating to the fields of advanced manufacturing and intelligent microsystems technology. This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional multi-material 3D printing, which can only integrate electronic components and cannot embed drivers. It employs a dual-mode embedding method combining vacuum adsorption and pneumatic gripping, achieving integrated manufacturing of micro-drivers, electronic components, high-precision conductive lines, and structural substrates. By preparing wires through mask scraping, it solves the problems of low precision and difficulty in adapting to micro-circuits in direct writing, improving interconnect reliability and miniaturization level. The direct embedding of mature drivers avoids the polarization process and performance degradation issues required for direct printing of piezoelectric materials, ensuring stable and reliable driving performance. Through in-situ wire fabrication and a closed-loop printing process, it eliminates the risk of post-assembly errors and interconnect failures.