The invention belongs to the technical field of waste photovoltaic panel
recovery, and particularly relates to a method for extracting high-purity
silicon and silver from a waste photovoltaic panel, which comprises the following steps: disassembling and separating glass and a backboard
assembly attached with a battery piece; performing high-pressure crushing and dry-method sorting: performing ultrahigh-pressure jet crushing on the back plate
assembly by adopting an ice-based mixed
abrasive material, and then performing three-stage series
cyclone separation to obtain a
silicon powder primary product and a silver-containing material; refining
molten salt and recovering silver: after
pickling the
silicon powder primary product, placing the silicon
powder primary product in a NaOH-KOH low-temperature mixed
molten salt for reaction, and separating to obtain high-purity silicon powder; and the reacted fused salt is dissolved and filtered, and high-purity silver powder is precipitated and calcined from filtrate to be recycled. According to the method, the silicon powder and the silver powder are recycled through a recycling three-
step method, traditional pure
physical separation and
chemical separation are abandoned, a more advanced alkali
etching method is adopted in the reaction process, and the
loss rate of silicon is very low, so that the method is simple in process, good in condition, short in preparation period and suitable for industrial production.