The invention discloses an alkylation reactor and an alkylation reaction method. The reactor comprises a reactor tube body, closure heads, a revolving bed, a charging pipe, a charge distribution pipe, a discharging opening, a circulating cooling gas inlet, a circulating cooling gas outlet and a circulating cooling gas refrigeration system, wherein a shell body is formed by the reactor tube body and the closure heads, the revolving bed is arranged at the internal middle part of the shell body and is connected with a driving device through a revolving shaft, the charge distribution pipe is arranged in a hollow tube structure of the center of the revolving bed and is communicated with the charging pipe, the discharging opening is formed in the lower part of the shell body of the reactor, a sealing member is arranged between the upper part of the revolving bed and the shell body, static components and revolving components are sequentially arranged at the radial outer side of the revolving bed, and the circulating cooling gas refrigeration system is located between the circulating cooling gas inlet and the circulating cooling gas outlet. According to the alkylation reaction method disclosed by the invention, alkylation reaction is carried out by taking concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst and taking isobutane and alkene as raw materials. According to the alkylation reactor and the alkylation reaction method, the alkylation reaction can be carried out at relatively low temperature, the acid consumption is low, the quality of products is high, and the equipment scale is small.