233 results about "Single fiber" patented technology

The invention discloses fiber-reinforced anti-crack concrete and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of building materials, the fiber-reinforced anti-crack concrete comprises the following raw material components: 310-450 parts of cement, 150-190 parts of water, 930-1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 630-800 parts of fine aggregate, 80-180 parts of mineral active admixture, 1.2-18 parts of multi-element composite fiber, 1.8-4.5 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducer, and 20-35 parts of anti-crack synergistic system. Through a quaternary fiber system, a three-dimensional interlocking net-shaped crack-resistant framework is formed in concrete slurry, the problems that the single fiber reinforcement effect is limited, and the interface bonding force with a concrete matrix is insufficient are solved, and the crack resistance and the mechanical property of the concrete are improved.

The invention discloses a surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The surface enhanced Raman scattering probe comprises a conductive fiber, a bismuth-based nanosheet growing on the surface of the conductive fiber in situ and noble metal nanoparticles growing on the surface of the bismuth-based nanosheet in situ. The preparation method of the surface enhanced Raman scattering probe comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a conductive fiber grid loaded with a bismuth-based compound; 2) preparing a conductive fiber grid on which bismuth-based nanosheets grow; 3) preparing a conductive fiber grid on which precious metal nanoparticles grow; and 4) disassembling the conductive fiber grid on which the noble metal nanoparticles grow into single fibers. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe has the advantages of large specific surface area, high detection sensitivity, good biocompatibility, economy, environmental protection, simple preparation method and the like, and is suitable for manufacturing a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectrum detection.

The invention aims to provide a modified sepiolite fiber as well as a preparation method and a use method thereof, aiming at the defects of the performance and modification technology of the existing sepiolite fiber. The invention relates to a modified sepiolite fiber, which is a sepiolite fiber obtained by carrying out acid activation-microwave heating synergistic modification on a sepiolite raw ore, wherein the sepiolite fibers are single fibers and small bundle fibers; and the crystallinity of the sepiolite fiber is 75-88%. The sepiolite fiber is prepared by adopting an acid activation-microwave heating synergistic modification method, and through the synergistic treatment of hydrochloric acid and microwave heating, the microstructure and the specific surface area of the sepiolite fiber are effectively improved, so that the fiber distribution is more uniform, the activity of the sepiolite fiber is improved, and the application range of the sepiolite is expanded. And the concrete reinforced by the modified sepiolite fiber is better in mechanical property and has certain acid resistance.

The invention discloses a method for printing a two-dimensional structure of a thermosetting material with controllable surface roughness. The method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the rheological property of the extrusion behavior of the selected thermosetting material; calculating and determining the relationship between the deposition morphology of the thermosetting material and the printing parameters, and drawing an H-V phase diagram to determine a critical printing interval for realizing uniform deposition; establishing a single fiber deposition morphology evolution model and a multi-fiber fusion geometric evolution model, and providing a correlation corresponding relation for the fusion degree and the surface microscopic roughness of adjacent deposition fibers, so as to obtain a preset surface microstructure morphology; and according to the required surface roughness, the interface is cured and locked through thermocuring at different fusion stages, so that the thermoset material two-dimensional film with continuously adjustable roughness and a stable structure is obtained. According to the invention, two-dimensional structure printing of any thermosetting material system on any spreading substrate can be realized, and the surface roughness can be continuously and programmably adjusted.

The invention belongs to the field of fiber materials, and provides a hollow acrylic fabric with thermal insulation performance and a preparation process thereof. The composite design of an acrylonitrile-based copolymer shell layer and an inner cavity silicon dioxide aerogel layer is adopted, a boric acid ester cross-linked network is formed through borax bath treatment to lock a three-dimensional crimp structure, and a hydrophobic modified silicon dioxide aerogel layer with the thickness of 50-200 nm is constructed in a fiber inner cavity; the mechanical-structural synergy that the single-fiber breaking strength is not lower than 3.5 cN / dtex under the condition that the hollowness degree is 30%-45% and the fiber dry-state crimp number is not smaller than 12 / 25 mm is achieved, the thermal resistance of the fabric reaches 0.065 m.K / W to 0.075 m.K / W, the air permeability is kept at 150 mm / s to 250 mm / s, and the fabric has the advantages of being good in air permeability, good in air permeability and the like. The contradiction between mechanical bearing and hollow structure design under the high-solid-content wet spinning fine denier condition, the contradiction between structural stability and fatigue durability of boric acid ester cross-linked three-dimensional curl after multiple times of water washing and the contradiction between low gram weight and high thermal resistance and the heat transfer mechanism of breathable comfort are solved, and the wide warm-keeping garment application value is achieved.

To provide a lightweight, three-dimensional warp-knitted fabric that offers cushioning and flexibility when folded, similar to soft polyurethane foam. [Solution] The three-dimensional warp knitted fabric according to this embodiment is a three-dimensional warp knitted fabric knitted with a three-reed. The three-dimensional warp knitted fabric consists of a face fabric structure, a backing fabric structure, and a connecting structure that connects the face fabric structure and the backing fabric structure. The connecting yarn constituting the connecting structure is a multifilament crimped yarn with a total fineness of 80 to 170 dtex and a single fiber fineness of 2 to 5 dtex. The connecting structure is a diagonal connecting structure or a truss connecting structure. The weight of the three-dimensional warp knitted fabric is 550 g / m 2 The following applies:

The invention discloses functional composite fiber supplement granules for sows in the perinatal period as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of feeds, and solves the problems that a single fiber raw material is poor in effect and palatability and cannot accurately regulate and control intestinal health of the sows in the perinatal period. Comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-60% of soluble fiber; 25%-45% of insoluble fibers; 5%-15% of an adhesive and energy agent; 9.2%-23% of a functional additive and 0.5%-1.5% of a lubricant And unavoidable impurities. By scientifically compounding a plurality of specific fiber sources and functional additives, the feed can achieve the following effects: (1) the constipation condition of the sows in the perinatal period can be obviously improved; (2) regulating the balance of intestinal flora, inhibiting inflammation and enhancing the oxidation resistance of the body; (3) the feed intake of the sows in the perinatal period is increased, and postpartum recovery and lactation performance are promoted.

A colored optical fiber comprises a bare optical fiber, a primary layer formed of a first ultraviolet curing resin covering the bare optical fiber, and a secondary layer formed of a second ultraviolet curing resin covering the primary layer, wherein a Young's modulus of the primary layer is smaller than 70% with respect to a saturated Young's modulus of the primary layer, and wherein the saturated Young's modulus of the primary layer is smaller than or equal to 0.85 MPa.

The application belongs to the field of smart fibers and flexible electronics, and relates to an integrated circuit fiber and a preparation method thereof. The fiber contains electronic components integrated in a single fiber, and the electronic components are composed of multiple functional layers serving as components of the fiber and extending along the axial direction of the fiber. The integrated circuit fiber includes two types of integration schemes: one is a two-dimensional grid structure of multiple electronic components arranged radially side by side, and the electronic components can be electrically interconnected or isolated; the other is a radial stacking structure of a single electronic component, which can be adapted to five types of functional units, including electroluminescence, resistance-capacitance processing, capacitance sensing, transistors and organic electrochemical diodes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a multi-channel microfluidic chip is used, multiple spinning solutions are injected into different channels, the spinning solutions in some channels are periodically turned on and off, the flow rates of the channels are independently controlled, the solutions are combined to form a multi-layer laminar flow structure, and the product is obtained through solidification in a coagulation bath, cleaning and drying. The application realizes high-density and high-stability functional integration in a single fiber.

The technologies described herein are generally directed to using a loopback component to test a single fiber optic strand. For example, a method described herein can include generating a first optical beam of a first wavelength. The method can further include transmitting the first optical beam via a fiber optic fiber. Further, the method can include receiving via the fiber optic fiber, a second optical beam of a second wavelength, with the second optical beam having a characteristic of the first optical beam, and with the second optical beam being generated by a non-electrical conversion of the first light of the first wavelength to the second light of the second wavelength.

The application discloses polyester staple fiber for sewing thread and a preparation method thereof. The polyester staple fiber has the following aggregation morphology: the number of crimps is 8-20 per 25 mm, the ratio of the crimp degree to the number of crimps CI / CN is 0.70-1.25, the crimp morphology of the single fiber has the morphology characteristics that the crimp wave peak width is large, and the wave peak arrangement is loose and not close, the crimp wave peak includes a type of wave peak and b type of wave peak, the width w of the a type of wave peak is 2.6-6.0 mm, the width w of the b type of wave peak is 0-2.5 mm, the proportion of the a type of wave peak is 70-100%, and the rest is the b type of wave peak; the mass index of the above fiber meets the physical performance mass index of the existing product, and simultaneously has the characteristics of high carding passability and high fiber strength utilization rate; the fiber can improve the spinnability before the production of the polyester sewing thread, and simultaneously improve the fiber strength utilization rate, and the strength utilization coefficient is increased by 5.0-17.6% compared with the previous one.

The utility model discloses a batching device for processing silk-like cotton, which is characterized in that a plurality of independent pretreatment components are arranged to respectively open different fiber raw materials and add auxiliaries, then the fiber raw materials are conveyed to a batching component through a first spiral conveyor to be intensively weighed, and finally the fiber raw materials are conveyed to a mixing machine through a second spiral conveyor. The whole process is automatically coordinated by a control system, a traditional manual batching mode is replaced, a driving licker-in and a driven licker-in which are in meshing transmission through a driving gear and a driven gear are adopted in a pretreatment assembly, it is ensured that the two licker-in rotate in the forced, synchronous and opposite directions, caked fibers can be efficiently and softly torn and carded to be in a fluffy single-fiber state, and the quality of the caked fibers is improved. The conveying pipe with the nozzle and the pump body are arranged in the treatment box, so that auxiliaries such as an antistatic agent can be uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of fibers in an atomized form while the fibers are opened, the problems of flying and adhesion of the fibers caused by static electricity are solved, the toughness of the fibers is improved, and fracture damage in subsequent processing is reduced.

The application provides a tooth-shaped functional composite fiber multiple combination mold, which is characterized by comprising a spinneret A and a spinning unit, the spinneret A and the spinning unit are connected, and a plurality of buffer grooves A are sequentially arranged on the surface of the spinneret A from inside to outside; the tooth-shaped structure is formed, the structure is more reasonable, a plurality of functional materials can be filled, the effect that a single fiber has multiple functions is realized, that is, 1 is used as an intermediate carrier material, N functional materials are added to the edge tooth-shaped structure, thereby forming a 1+N structure and achieving a 1+N effect.

Provided is an artificial leather that achieves both a soft texture and excellent durability, and a method for manufacturing the same, the leather comprising: a fibrous base material formed from superfine fibers having an average single fiber diameter of 0.1-10 μm; and a polymeric elastic body, where the polymer elastic body comprises a compound having a hydrophilic group and a compound having an ethylene oxide skeleton, the content of the compound in the polymeric elastic body of the artificial leather being 0.1-5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polymeric elastic body.

A cigarette filter that reduces harmful smoke components is disclosed. In one view, the present invention provides a cigarette filter comprising a paper sheet, wherein the paper sheet comprises pulp fibers and chitosan fibers, and the pulp fibers comprise at least one of single fibers and mixed fibers having an average coarseness of 13 mg / 100 m or more.

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and discloses a reinforced polypropylene spiral fiber which is of a continuous spiral structure and is made of a modified polypropylene material. The diameter of the fiber ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, the length of the fiber ranges from 15 mm to 40 mm, the spiral pitch of the fiber ranges from 3 mm to 8 mm, and the number of spiral turns of a single fiber ranges from 2 to 5. According to the reinforced polypropylene spiral fiber and the preparation method and application thereof, the spiral structure greatly increases the contact area and bond stress of the fiber and concrete, the dispersity of the fiber in the concrete is remarkably improved, the reduction rate of the anti-cracking area of the concrete is larger than or equal to 60%, the 28-day breaking strength is larger than or equal to 8.0 MPa, shrinkage cracks and temperature cracks of the concrete in a water environment are effectively inhibited, and the service life of the concrete is prolonged. And the structural toughness and the bearing capacity are greatly improved.

A system and method for measuring pressure inside a pipeline or pressure vessel is disclosed. The system includes one or more units locatable around an external surface of the pipeline or vessel, each unit containing: a light source for generating a light beam; a single fiber Mach Zehnder interferometer (SF-MZI) sensor bendable against an outer surface of the pipeline or vessel, for receiving the light beam; a light receiver for receiving the light bean from an output of the SF-MZI sensor, said light receiver including an optical spectral analyzer; and a local processor for signal conversion; a data acquisition system associated with each of the one or more units to provide power to the elements of the unit; and a central processor in communication with each of the local processors of each of the units, said central processor containing stored strain data, and the stored bend induced birefringence data.

A multi-core fiber coupler based on single-clad optical fibers (1), and a taper ratio design method therefor. Each single-clad optical fiber (1) comprises a fiber core (13), a cladding (12), and a coating layer (11), arranged in sequence from inside to outside. The multi-core fiber coupler based on single-clad optical fibers (1) comprises single-clad optical fibers (1) and a sleeve (2). Several single-clad optical fibers (1) are nested within the sleeve (2), and the total number of the single-clad optical fibers (1) is equal to the total number of fiber cores in a target multi-core optical fiber (3). One end of the sleeve (2) is tapered, and the other end is not tapered. A mode field diameter of each single-clad optical fiber (1) at the non-tapered end of the sleeve (2) matches a mode field diameter of a single fiber core of the target multi-core optical fiber (3). The single-clad optical fibers (1) and the multi-core fiber coupler have the advantages of low fabrication difficulty, low cost, and the capability of achieving low-loss connection with multi-core optical fibers and standard single-mode optical fibers.

The application relates to the technical field of fiber reinforced cement-based composite materials, and discloses a PVA fiber oil coating method oriented by fiber-gel material adhesion, which comprises the following steps: determining a target interface adhesion performance grade between polyvinyl alcohol fibers and gel materials; according to the target interface adhesion performance grade, an oil coating liquid is prepared; dry polyvinyl alcohol fibers are immersed in the prepared oil coating liquid, and the polyvinyl alcohol fibers absorb the prepared oil coating liquid; the polyvinyl alcohol fibers absorbing the oil coating liquid are subjected to spin-drying treatment; and the spin-dried polyvinyl alcohol fibers are subjected to heat curing treatment, so that a continuous, uniform and non-peeling coating film layer is formed on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol fibers. By establishing a five-grade adhesion performance grading system based on a single fiber tensile test and correlating the five-grade adhesion performance grading system with macroscopic tensile performance and crack behavior of concrete, the problem that adhesion performance regulation lacks systematicness and quantitative basis in the prior art is solved.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a cobalt / nitrogen co-doped multi-section nano-chain carbon fiber oxygen electrode, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving an organic ligand and a cobalt salt in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring and standing, and then centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain ZIF-67 powder; (2) dissolving a high-molecular polymer and ZIF-67 powder in a solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution; (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the electrostatic spinning solution to obtain a fiber membrane; and (4) pre-oxidizing the fiber membrane at a medium-low temperature in an air atmosphere, and then transferring the fiber membrane to a nitrogen atmosphere for high-temperature calcination to obtain the cobalt / nitrogen co-doped multi-section nano-chain carbon fiber oxygen electrode. According to the invention, the distance of the ZIF-67 cluster on the single fiber is accurately controlled, the electron transmission path and the active site distribution are optimized, the breakthrough of the bifunctional catalytic performance is realized, and the application prospect is good.

The application provides an emulsified fiber asphalt anti-sloughing plugging agent and a preparation method. The emulsified fiber asphalt anti-sloughing plugging agent is prepared by mixing emulsified asphalt, MMH positive glue and basalt fiber powder. The basalt fiber powder is distributed in a three-dimensional random pattern in the emulsified asphalt anti-sloughing plugging agent, which can enhance the strength of the asphalt plugging layer. The single fiber diameter of the basalt fiber powder is consistent with the average crack distribution of most shale formations, and the basalt fiber powder has good compatibility, which enhances the adhesion between the plugging layer and the formation after the emulsified asphalt is demulsified, and improves the anti-sloughing plugging effect. The MMH positive glue improves the stability of the whole system due to its own characteristics, and is beneficial to the adsorption, demulsification and patching of the emulsified asphalt and the formation with negative charge. The emulsified fiber asphalt anti-sloughing plugging agent enhances the strength of the plugging layer after the emulsified asphalt is demulsified, and improves the adhesion between the plugging layer and the formation, and improves the anti-sloughing plugging effect. In addition, the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the emulsified fiber asphalt anti-sloughing plugging agent has a high application prospect in the field of wellbore anti-sloughing plugging.

This invention relates to a silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite material reinforced with unidirectional silicon carbide fibers and its preparation method, comprising: 1) winding silicon carbide fibers in the same direction to obtain a unidirectional tape; 2) depositing an interface phase on the surface of a single fiber using chemical vapor deposition; 3) preparing a prepreg slurry by mixing carbon powder, dispersant, etc.; 4) impregnating the unidirectional tape with the slurry to obtain a prepreg tape; 5) layering the prepreg tape and the unimpregnated unidirectional tape at a layer ratio of 1:1 to 16:1 and a silicon carbide fiber angle of 0° to 90°; 6) obtaining the composite material through curing, pyrolysis, and melt infiltration densification. This invention breaks away from the traditional single-layer layup mode, constructing a continuous gas flow path through mixed layering, guiding process gas generation, solving the drawbacks of high porosity and matrix cracking, optimizing the material's stress state, and obtaining a composite material with both low density and high compactness, excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature, and excellent oxidation stability, shortening the preparation cycle, and meeting extreme service requirements.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrostatic airflow regulated micro-nano fiber high-efficiency low-resistance air filter material, which comprises the following steps: carding ES short fibers into a uniform network structure by a carding machine, and conveying the uniform network structure to an electrostatic jet spinning area through a web curtain; spraying polymer micro-nano fibers on the surface of the ES fiber net to form an ES / micro-nano fiber composite net, collecting the ES / micro-nano fiber composite net into card slivers through a horn mouth, uniformly mixing the card slivers, drawing the card slivers into slivers, and carding the slivers into single fibers through a carding machine; dynamically blowing the single fibers into an electrostatic jet spinning forming area, and mixing the single fibers with the micro-nano fiber net to form a stepped three-dimensional fiber net; carrying out hot pressing on the three-dimensional fiber net, and regulating the thickness to 1-3mm to obtain a composite fiber filter; the gradient aperture structure optimizes airflow distribution through a layered interception mechanism, reduces the risk of local blockage, and can still keep stable performance in harsh environments such as high humidity, high dust or pulse dust removal.

The invention relates to a multimode optical fiber (1) with an optical axis (2). The multimode optical fiber has a single fiber core (11) surrounded by a cladding (12) and comprises a proximal end (3) for connection to an endoscopic system (13) and a distal end (4) for introduction into a sample (14). The distal end (4) has a light transmission surface (5), which extends substantially parallel to the optical axis (2) and is designed to transmit light radially in relation to the optical axis (2). The light transmission surface (5) is a substantially flat surface, a spherical segment surface or a paraboloid segment surface, and is a boundary surface of the fiber core (11). In addition, the distal end (4) has a light reflection surface (6), which extends such that the optical axis (2) at the distal end (4), a normal to the light transmission surface (5) and a normal to the light reflection surface (6) lie substantially in one plane and an angle between the light reflection surface (6) and the optical axis (2) is between 30° and 60°. In addition, the invention relates to an endoscopic system (13) for examining a sample (14) and to a method for examining a sample (14) by means of an endoscopic system (13).

The invention discloses a composite material fiber monofilament radial resistance testing device and a resistivity calculation method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material performance testing and structure health monitoring. The device comprises a base, a cross beam, a micrometer caliper type push rod and a plate-shaped electrode. The cross beam is an elastic component, the two ends of the cross beam are installed on stand columns of the base, plate-shaped electrodes on the cross beam can be driven by a push rod to move in parallel and opposite directions, and parallel and lossless clamping of fiber monofilaments is achieved. The base is provided with a monofilament fixing mechanism used for straightening and fixing fibers. During testing, after fiber monofilaments are straightened and aligned, a to-be-tested section of the fiber monofilaments is clamped in parallel by a plate-shaped electrode, constant current is applied, voltage drop is measured, and radial resistance is calculated. Furthermore, based on the actually measured resistance value, a finite element model of the corresponding size is established, and the radial conductivity of the fiber is inverted by adopting a bisection iteration method. The problem that the radial resistance of the micron-sized fiber monofilament is difficult to accurately measure is solved, the device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, low in cost and accurate and reliable in measurement result, and a key parameter acquisition means is provided for composite material microcosmic conductive network modeling and structure health monitoring.

This invention discloses a bidirectional continuous-variable quantum key distribution method and system based on frequency division duplexing in a single-transceiver ring network. The method is based on a monolithically integrated silicon photonics transceiver chip. By pre-setting optical carrier frequency offsets for the forward and reverse links, it isolates the quantum signal from Rayleigh backscattering noise in the fiber in the frequency domain. The transmitting end generates a broadband waveform containing quantum signals and pilot signals, which is transmitted bidirectionally through a single optical fiber. The receiving end uses a laser source from the same chip as the local oscillator for coherent heterodyne detection. A digital signal processing module performs orthogonalization correction, phase recovery, and matched filtering to suppress noise and extract the quantum signal to generate a secure key. This invention solves the problems of inflexible networking, low fiber utilization, and severe scattering noise interference in bidirectional transmission over a single fiber caused by the separation of the transmitting and receiving ends in integrated continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems. It provides a low-cost and highly flexible solution for metropolitan quantum ring networks.

The utility model relates to the technical field of material performance detection, in particular to a multi-angle bidirectional single fiber drawing test piece forming device, which aims to solve the problem that a forming device in the prior art cannot flexibly regulate and control the fiber angle, and comprises at least two forming units, the adjacent forming units are spliced to form a mold cavity, and the mold cavity is used for pouring a concrete test block; a plurality of fiber turning points are arranged on each of the two sides of the mold cavity; the fiber turning point on the left side of the mold cavity is a first turning point, and the fiber turning point on the right side of the mold cavity is a second turning point; one end of the fiber is fixed at the first turning point and penetrates through the test block in the mold cavity, and the other end is fixed at the second turning point. According to the scheme, a special device capable of flexibly regulating and controlling the fiber angle and realizing multi-angle bidirectional single fiber drawing test piece forming is developed.

The invention discloses single-fiber wavelength division optical transmission equipment and a system thereof. The equipment comprises a case, a service processing module, a wave combining and dividing module, a network management module, a power supply module and a heat dissipation module, the service processing module comprises at least one optical wavelength conversion unit, and the optical wavelength conversion unit is used for converting an accessed non-standard wavelength signal into a plurality of paths of standard wavelength signals; the wave combining and separating module comprises a wave combining unit and a wave separating unit, the wave combining unit is used for combining multiple paths of standard wavelength signals into one path of composite optical signal, and the wave separating unit is used for separating the composite optical signal into multiple paths of single wavelength signals; the network management module is used for monitoring the working state of each module in real time; the power supply module supports alternating current or direct current input and outputs stable voltage; the heat dissipation module is provided with a speed-adjustable heat dissipation fan. According to the scheme, optical fiber resources can be efficiently integrated, multiple services can be flexibly adapted, and the deployment and upgrading cost is low.

To provide polyester hollow fiber raw cotton which is light in weight and excellent in bulkiness, is soft and rich in feather-like texture, and is suitable for forming a polyester hollow fiber spherical material for a filling material of cushions, down jackets, and the like.SOLUTION: Polyester hollow fiber raw cotton comprises a polyester hollow fiber having a two-dimensional crimp shape and a polyester hollow fiber having a three-dimensional crimp shape, and has a single fiber fineness of 2.0 to 6.6 dtex, a hollowness of 15 to 35%, the number of crimps of 2 to 10 crimps / 25 mm, a crimp percentage of 10 to 20%, and a fiber length of 20 to 50 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: None