2458results about How to "Efficient conversion" patented technology

A process for producing ethanol including a combination of biochemical and synthetic conversions results in high yield ethanol production with concurrent production of high value coproducts. An acetic acid intermediate is produced from carbohydrates, such as corn, using enzymatic milling and fermentation steps, followed by conversion of the acetic acid into ethanol using esterification and hydrogenation reactions. Coproducts can include corn oil, and high protein animal feed containing the biomass produced in the fermentation.

Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.

A handheld computer device for data acquisition is described. The device includes a hardware interface to be connected to a processing device and to an attachable sensor. The device also includes a data module to interact with the sensor and with the processing device and a display module to display data collection results on a display of the processing device.

Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.

Provided is an emissions treatment system and method for reducing NOx emissions in the exhaust stream produced from an internal combustion engine. The system has an injector for periodically metering ammonia or an ammonia precursor into an exhaust stream; and a first substrate with a first SCR catalyst composition, downstream of the injector. The first substrate has an inlet end, an outlet end, a length extending between the inlet end to the outlet end, wall elements and a plurality of passages defined by the wall elements. The first SCR catalyst composition is disposed on the wall elements from the inlet end toward the outlet end to a length that is less than the substrate's axial length to form an inlet zone. The first substrate also has an NH3 destruction catalyst composition with a platinum group metal component dispersed on a refractory metal oxide. The NH3 destruction catalyst is disposed on the wall elements from the outlet end toward the inlet end to a length that is less than the substrate's axial length to form an outlet zone. Generally, there is from 0.1 to 10 g / ft3 of platinum group metal component in the outlet zone.

A method of providing an apparatus and system comprising a complete smart solar electrical power generator system integrated into the form of a thin flat glass plate. The novel elements include: a micro-scale optical array, a new type of miniaturized photovoltaic cell, an inside-the-lens concentrator design, integral heat sinking and mechanical support, a sealed solid-state design with no air gaps and a new process for building it, combined reflective / refractive light concentration around the photovoltaic cell, variable solar concentration ratios, and a new integrated structure for interconnecting the system together.

The present invention provides a method, system, and computer program product for applying transformations to extensible documents, enabling reductions in the processing time required to transform arbitrarily-structured documents having particular well-defined elements. Signatures for structured document types are defined, along with one or more transformations to be performed upon documents of that type. The transformations are specified using syntax elements referred to as maps. A map specifies an operation code for the transformation to be performed, and describes the input and output of the associated transformation. A special map processing engine locates an appropriate transformation object to a particular input document at run-time, and applies the transformation operation according to the map definition. This technique is preferably used for a set of predetermined core transformations, with other transformations being processed using stylesheet engines of the prior art. The input documents may be encoded in the Extensible Markup Language (XML), or in other structured notations. The techniques of the present invention are particularly well suited to use in high-volume and throughput-sensitive environments such as that encountered by business-to-business transaction servers.

A method and apparatus are provided for transforming 3D geometric data, such as polygon data (16) formed of polygons (18), into volumetric data (14) formed of voxels (12). According to the method, 3D geometric data to be converted to voxel data are acquired, and the resolution of a final voxel grid to be produced is obtained (e.g., user-defined). Then, each geometric unit (e.g., a polygon) in the 3D geometric data is mapped (or scan converted) to an imaginary voxel grid having a higher resolution than the resolution of the final voxel grid. Next, with respect to the geometric units that are mapped to the imaginary voxels in the imaginary voxel grid dividing one final (actual) voxel into smaller sub-volumes, a weighted average of the attribute values (color, normal, intensity, etc.) is obtained. The weighted average is stored as the attribute value of the final voxel.

A process for producing ethanol including a combination of biochemical and synthetic conversions results in high yield ethanol production with concurrent production of high value coproducts. An acetic acid intermediate is produced from carbohydrates, such as corn, using enzymatic milling and fermentation steps, followed by conversion of the acetic acid into ethanol using esterification and hydrogenation reactions. Coproducts can include corn oil, and high protein animal feed containing the biomass produced in the fermentation.

A non-volatile memory device has a channel region between source / drain regions, a floating gate, a control gate, a first dielectric region between the channel region and the floating gate, and a second dielectric region between the floating gate and the control gate. The first dielectric region includes a high-K material. The non-volatile memory device is programmed and / or erased by transferring charge between the floating gate and the control gate via the second dielectric region.

The invention discloses a method for recycling a metal oxide from a waste flue gas denitration catalyst, comprising the following steps of: crushing the waste flue gas denitration catalyst to carry out pre-roasting pretreatment at high temperature; adding Na2CO3 into the waste flue gas denitration catalyst according to the proportion, mixing, pulverizing and roasting at high temperature to obtain a sintering block; crushing the sintering block and putting the crushed sintering block into hot water, and stirring and lixiviating to obtain titanate; adding sulphuric acid into the titanate, filtering, water-washing and roasting to obtain TiO2; adding the sulphuric acid into the lixiviated filtering liquid to regulate a pH value to 8.0-9.0; adding excessive NH4Cl for vanadium precipitation; decomposing NH4VO3 obtained from filtering at high temperature to prepare a V2O5 product; adding hydrochloric acid into the filtering liquid subjected to the vanadium precipitation to regulate a pH value to 4.5-5.0; adding CaCl2 for molybdenum and tungsten precipitation; treating the CaM0O4 and CaWO4, obtained from filtering, with the hydrochloric acid and roasting to obtain MoO3 and WO3. The method of the invention has the advantages of simple process and apparatus, high recycling efficiency, good product technical data, large treatment capacity and the like.

A Group II-VI photovoltaic solar cell comprising at least two and as many as five subcells stacked upon one another. Each subcell has an emitter layer and a base layer, with the base of the first subcell being made of silicon, germanium, or silicon-germanium. The remaining subcells are stacked on top of the first subcell and are ordered such that the band gap gets progressively smaller with each successive subcell. Moreover, the thicknesses of each subcell are optimized so that the current from each subcell is substantially equal to the other subcells in the stack. Examples of suitable Group II-VI semiconductors include CdTe, CdSe, CdSeTe, CdZnTe, CdMgTe, and CdHgTe.

A method for the high power generation and detection of terahertz radiation is presented. It comprises of an optical waveguide with a core, and a mostly hollow cladding or terahertz wave transparent material surrounding the core. The cladding region is a terahertz waveguide. A pump light source is coupled to the core to promote nonlinear optical process, such as Raman scattering, in the core which in turn leads to terahertz radiation being emanated or received through fiber cladding.

A micromachined ultrasonic transducer array comprising a multiplicity of cMUT cells built on a substrate. Each cMUT cell comprises a compliant support structure built on the substrate, a membrane supported over a cavity by the compliant support structure, a first electrode supported by the membrane, and a second electrode that forms a capacitor with the first electrode, the cavity being disposed between the first and second electrodes. The compliant support structure uncouples the non-membrane outer surface of each cMUT cell from the supporting substrate.

By introducing a stack of alternating high and low index dichroic material layers on the exit surface of a waveguide for a wedge type directional backlight, natural reflectivity differences between polarized components can be increased, effectively reflecting the vast proportion of S-polarized light rays, while at the same time transmitting the P-polarized light rays, of light impacting the exit surface of the waveguide at an angle sufficient to exit the waveguide. This recovers polarization in wedge type backlight systems, increasing illumination exiting the waveguide. Also, on the back reflecting surface of the waveguide, a birefringent material can be added to efficiently transform S-polarized reflected light from the dichroic stack, into returning P-polarized light. Because returning rays that are now P-polarized by the birefringent material have already achieved the critical angle for exiting the waveguide, the rays transformed to P-polarization can now also exit the waveguide, increasing waveguide illumination.

Optimal structures for high efficiency thin film silicon solar energy conversion devices and systems are disclosed. Thin film silicon active layer photoelectron conversion structures using ion implantation are disclosed. Thin film semiconductor devices optimized for exploiting the high energy and ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum at the earths surface are also disclosed. Solar cell fabrication using high oxygen concentration single crystal silicon substrates formed using in preference the CZ method are used advantageously. Furthermore, the present invention discloses optical coatings for advantageous coupling of solar radiation into thin film solar cell devices via the use of rare-earth metal oxide (REOx), rare-earth metal oxynitride (REOxNy) and rare-earth metal oxy-phosphide (REOxPy) glasses and or crystalline material. The rare-earth metal is chosen from the group commonly known in the periodic table of elements as the lanthanide series.

The present invention is directed to Bidirectional Multimode Power Converter which employs a high frequency dynamically varying amplitude modulation and voltage steering method to convert the source AC or DC voltages to output AC or DC voltages, with programmable output voltage levels, output voltage frequency and duration. The inrush current control, turning off the idle converter, line voltage brown out protection, soft start, high pre-charge voltage generation, soft shut down of converter, dimming operation modes are inherent characteristics of the Bidirectional Multimode power converter. The Bidirectional Multimode Power Converters of the present invention facilitates bidirectional conversion and coupling multiple bidirectional sources and or loads.The Bidirectional Multimode Power Converter of the present invention supports local and remote control for changing operational characteristics of the converter on demand or on a programmed time of the day for a specified duration of time.

A packaging cell line capable of complementing recombinant adenoviruses based on serotypes from subgroup B, preferably adenovirus type 35. The cell line is preferably derived from primary, diploid human cells (e.g., primary human retinoblasts, primary human embryonic kidney cells and primary human amniocytes) which are transformed by adenovirus E1 sequences either operatively linked on one DNA molecule or located on two separate DNA molecules, the sequences being operatively linked to regulatory sequences enabling transcription and translation of encoded proteins. Also disclosed is a cell line derived from PER.C6 (ECACC deposit number 96022940), which cell expresses functional Ad35 E1B sequences. The Ad35-E1B sequences are driven by the E1B promoter or a heterologous promoter and terminated by a heterologous poly-adenylation signal. The new cell lines are useful for producing recombinant adenoviruses designed for gene therapy and vaccination. The cell line can also be used for producing human recombinant therapeutic proteins such as human growth factors and human antibodies. In addition, the cell lines are useful for producing human viruses other than adenovirus such as influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, measles virus.

Systems and methods to convert natural input to digital information by providing variable print on demand digital paper are disclosed. The systems and methods combine form design, a digital print shop, the capture of natural input, and the interpretation and validation of the digital representation of the captured natural input to provide a robust system that can be used to populate databases as well as feed workflow and back end processes. The form design combines custom templates with field definitions and variable data overlays that are merged with position coded patterns to print unique instances of digital forms such that each instance of a document occupies a coordinate space mutually exclusive with respect to the position code coordinate space of all other documents. The interpretation, recognition and validation programs combine to create an effective conversion of handwritten information to computer recognizable meaningful format.

A micromachined ultrasonic transducer array comprising a multiplicity of cMUT cells built on a substrate. Each cMUT cell comprises a compliant support structure built on the substrate, a membrane supported over a cavity by the compliant support structure, a first electrode supported by the membrane, and a second electrode that forms a capacitor with the first electrode, the cavity being disposed between the first and second electrodes. The compliant support structure uncouples the non-membrane outer surface of each cMUT cell from the supporting substrate.

The invention relates to a Puer tea extract, a preparation method and application. The Puer tea extract contains effective ingredients of tea polyphenol, tea Polysaccharide, theabrownine, caffeine and the like the content of which are high, and can obviously lower blood sugar. The preparation method can effectively convert and dissolve out the effective ingredients. The process route can assure clarity after the cold water of a finished product is dissolved, lowers the late centrifugation workload, has low cost and stable and controllable quality and is industrial.

The method is intended for obtaining nanosize amorphous particles, which find use in various fields of science and technology; in particular, metallic nanostructures can be regarded as a promising material for creating new sensors and electronic and optoelectronic devices and for developing new types of highly selective solid catalysts. The method for obtaining nanoparticles includes the following stages: dispersion of a molten material; supply of the resulting liquid drops of this material into a plasma with parameters satisfying the aforementioned relationships, which is formed in an inert gas at a pressure of 10−4-10−1 Pa; cooling of liquid nanoparticles formed in the said plasma to their hardening; and deposition of the resulting solid nanoparticles onto a support.

A dynamic system and method for efficiently measuring organizational compliance with multiple, overlapping, selected sources of compliance requirements by making associations of individual source controls and survey questions with a limited set of discrete compliance objectives, and by enabling creation of compliance surveys and analysis of survey answer sets based on user-selected criteria that may include selection of a specific source or sources; one or more discrete compliance objectives, and / or a choice of questions from a master question pool. Custom surveys with weighted questions and dynamic reporting enables responses to compliance audits to be analyzed against a pre-determined benchmark result, against responder's own prior results, or against other responders.

The LED (light emitting diode) light source that includes an LED chip or an array of LED chips that emit blue, or UV, violet, or other narrow wavelength light and a phosphor conversion coating that absorbs the radiation from the LED and re-emits lights of longer wavelengths and with wider spectrum of wavelength. The phosphor conversion coating includes a plurality of layered phosphor films wherein adjacent phosphor films are formed of different phosphor materials. A method of forming an LED light source includes soldering LED chip to an electrically insulating substrate and forming a phosphor conversion layer. Forming the phosphor conversion layer includes depositing a number of adjacent phosphor films directly on the surface of the LED chip or on the surface of an optically transparent substrate which may be of curved or flat surface.

A light emitting device is provided, including a light emitting element, a package comprised at least partially of metal on which said light emitting element is mounted, and a resin layer coated on said light emitting element. The light emitting element is eutectic bonded to a metal portion of said package, and the resin layer is formed of a cured product of a silicone composition. The composition includes (i) an organopolysiloxane having an average composition formula (1): R1a(OX)bSiO(4−a−b) / 2   (1) wherein R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, X is a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or acyl group, a is a number from 1.05 to 1.5, b is a number of 0<b<2, and 1.05<a+b<2, and (ii) a condensation catalyst. The device exhibits improved heat resistance and light resistance, and also exhibits improved adhesion to the resins and metal members used.

An apparatus and method applicable for generating ultraviolet laser light having a wavelength in the 200-nm range and / or 250-nm range; in some embodiments, using a single fiber laser pump source (in some embodiments, a pulsed source). In some embodiments, the invention provides methods of generating 250-nm or 200-nm photons using a mode-locked 1000-nm fiber laser and efficient 4th / 5th harmonic frequency up-conversion. In other embodiments, the invention uses continuous wave (cw) single-frequency fiber lasers and external resonant frequency conversion. In still other embodiments, the invention uses cw single-frequency optically-pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) and electrically driven vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and externally resonant frequency conversion. All of these produce both of the ultraviolet wavelengths of interest

This invention relates to a method for producing cells which are competent for transformation and which may be stably stored for extended periods of time at various temperatures. The method involves growing cells in a growth conducive medium, rendering said cells competent, and lyophilizing said competent cells. The invention further relates to competent cells produced by such a method, to methods of transforming said cells with a DNA molecule, and to a method of producing a desired protein or polypeptide from said transformed cells.

The invention relates to a Pu'er tea extract, and a preparation method and application thereof. The Pu'er tea extract is high active ingredient content and can reduce blood sugar and blood fat obviously. By the preparation method of the Pu'er tea extract, the active ingredients are completely and effectively converted and dissolved out. The process of the Pu'er tea extract has the advantages of guaranteeing the clarity of the finished products which are dissolved in cold water and reducing investment requirement of refrigerated storage tanks and the difficulty and the work load of filtering operation due to a refrigeration process after concentration, along with low cost, industrialization and stable and controllable quality.

A high efficiency photovoltaic DC-DC converter achieves solar power conversion from high voltage, highly varying photovoltaic power sources to harvest maximum power from a solar source or strings of panels for DC or AC use, perhaps for transfer to a power grid at high power levels with coordinated control possible for various elements. Photovoltaic DC-DC converters can achieve efficiencies in conversion that are extraordinarily high compared to traditional through substantially power isomorphic photovoltaic DC-DC power conversion capability that can achieve 97%, 98%, 99.2% efficiency, or even only wire transmission losses. Switchmode impedance or voltage conversion circuit embodiments may have pairs of photovoltaic power interrupt switch elements and pairs of photovoltaic power shunt switch elements to first increase voltage and then decrease voltage as part of the desired photovoltaic DC-DC power conversion.