1565results about How to "Increase the effective area" patented technology

A super-large-effective-area (SLA) optical fiber that is suitable for communicating over a wide wavelength range and that, because of its large effective area, suppresses nonlinear effects that typically result from interaction between signal channels. The effective area, Aeff, of the SLA fiber of the present invention preferably is equal to or greater than approximately 80 μm2 at a wavelength window around 1310 nm. The cutoff wavelength of the SLA fiber of the present invention preferably is less than 1310 nm. Thus, the SLA fiber of the present invention has a very large effective area and a very low cutoff wavelength. In accordance with the present invention, a variety of SLA fibers are provided that all have very large effective areas and desirable transmission properties. The large effective areas of the SLA fibers of the present invention enable nonlinear effects to be suppressed, as well as Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in analog transmission. The large effective areas also enable attenuation to be reduced. The result of suppressing nonlinear effects and reducing attenuation enable signals to be transmitted over long distances and over a broad bandwidth.

An electronic smoking-substitute device 110 includes a tube containing a reservoir 310 containing a liquid. The liquid includes a substance to be inhaled by the user, for example a nicotine dilution. The device also has a heating element 320, the heating element is a coil and is in direct contact with the reservoir 310. A power source 340 is arranged to power the heating element.

A micromachined ultrasonic transducer array comprising a multiplicity of cMUT cells built on a substrate. Each cMUT cell comprises a compliant support structure built on the substrate, a membrane supported over a cavity by the compliant support structure, a first electrode supported by the membrane, and a second electrode that forms a capacitor with the first electrode, the cavity being disposed between the first and second electrodes. The compliant support structure uncouples the non-membrane outer surface of each cMUT cell from the supporting substrate.

An improved steerable catheter with in-plane deflection comprises a catheter body having proximal and distal ends and a lumen extending therethrough and a tip section at the distal end of the catheter body. The tip section comprises a flexible plastic tubing having a pair of diametrically-opposed lumens extending therethrough. The catheter also provides two puller wires manipulated through a control handle at the proximal end of the catheter body. Each puller wire extends through one of the pair of lumens in the tip section and through the lumen of the catheter body and is anchored to the control handle at its proximal end and anchored to the tip section at its distal end. The deflection mechanism is configured to generally define a plane along which deflection most readily occurs and an edge along which deflection is most readily avoided. The deflection mechanism extends longitudinally along a centerline of the tip section between the first and second puller wire and is configured generally with a cross section having a thinner dimension and a thicker dimension to bias the tip section to deflect in a plane parallel with the thinner dimension of the deflection mechanism and to resist deflection in a plane perpendicular to thicker dimension.

The present invention relates to a novel thermal-sensitive resistive apparatus, such as PTC and NTC, which allocates planar electrode films on the top and bottom surfaces of a prior art thermal-sensitive resistive apparatus, such as a PTC apparatus, to laminate with an outer electrode layer. A plurality of interconnection vias are electroplated with conductive material to connect to any plane. It is convenient to surface mount the apparatus of the present invention on a printed circuit board. The present invention can largely increase the dimensional stability of components and overcome the disadvantage that thermal diffusion of the prior are surface mounted resistive apparatus is affected easily by line width and environments.

A small-sized low-loss dielectric resonator, dielectric filter, and dielectric duplexer, and a communication device using such an element. Through-holes are formed in a dielectric block. The inner surface of each through-hole is covered with a thin-film multilayer electrode consisting of an outermost conductive layer and a multilayer region including thin-film conductive layers and thin-film dielectric layers. An outer conductor having a similar thin-film multilayer electrode structure is formed on the outer surface of the dielectric block. An outer conductor in the form of a single-layer electrode is formed on a short-circuited end face of the dielectric block thereby connecting together the thin-film conductive layers of the inner and outer conductors.

The present invention relates to an optical fiber having a structure suitable for long-distance optical communications, and an optical transmission line including the same. The optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a core region extending along a predetermined axis, and a cladding region disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the core region; and, as characteristics at a wavelength of 1.55 mum, an effective area of at least 110 mum<2>, a dispersion of 18 to 23 ps / nm / km, and a dispersion slope of 0.058 to 0.066 ps / nm<2> / km.

This invention discloses a fluorine-containing polymer and its application as ion exchange fiber material. The fluorine-containing polymer is a perfluoro resin containing sulfonylfluoride groups, and is shown in formula 1. The fluorine-containing polymer has ion exchange function, and is prepared by free radical copolymerization of perfluorosulfonyl vinyl ether, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene in the presence of dispersant, solvent and initiator. The dispersant / solvent is mixed solution of melamine derivative containing linear perfluoro hydrocarbon and water. The fluorine-containing polymer can be melt-spun into polymer fibers, which can be woven into fiber network that can be used as the reinforcing network material for ion exchange membranes and chlor-alkali ion membrane to reinforce and improve the ion exchange ability.

A system for manipulating a planar substrate such as a semiconductor wafer is provided. The manipulator is typically used in conjunction with an XY stage to focus and planarize a wafer with respect to a tool. The manipulator employs redundant actuators of different types and a control system that uses low-bandwidth, high efficiency actuators to provide low frequency forces and high-bandwidth, but less efficient, actuators to provide all other forces. The manipulator provides support and manipulation of a substrate while minimizing errors due to thermal distortion.

A micromachined ultrasonic transducer array comprising a multiplicity of cMUT cells built on a substrate. Each cMUT cell comprises a compliant support structure built on the substrate, a membrane supported over a cavity by the compliant support structure, a first electrode supported by the membrane, and a second electrode that forms a capacitor with the first electrode, the cavity being disposed between the first and second electrodes. The compliant support structure uncouples the non-membrane outer surface of each cMUT cell from the supporting substrate.

A light guide plate that is divided into an effective section capable of providing uniform surface illumination and a transitional section between the effective section and the point light source includes a light-receiving surface, a light-emitting surface, a light-reflecting surface, and a plurality of light-diffusing structures. The light-diffusing structures are spread on the transitional section, and each light-diffusing structure is in the shape of a part elliptic cylinder having a long axis and a short axis and the front surface of the light-diffusing structure facing the point light source is a part elliptic cylindrical surface.

A fiber having a large effective area at 1550 nm of at least 130 μm2 and a wire mesh drum microbending loss of less than 0.4 dB / km at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The fibers may include a core, a cladding, and a coating. The core may include a central core region and a surrounding first core region. The cladding may include a depressed index inner cladding region and an outer cladding region. The coating may include a primary coating surrounding the cladding and a secondary coating surrounding the primary coating. The primary coating may be formed from a primary composition that may include an acrylate monomer or an N-vinyl amide monomer in combination with an acrylate oligomer, where the acrylate oligomer is present at 35 wt % to 55 wt %. The secondary coating may be formed from a secondary composition including one or more acrylate or diacrylate monomers and an acrylate or methacrylate oligomer, where the oligomer is present at 3 wt % or less.

An actuator subsystem preferably for a robot or bionic linkage. A joint between two robotic or bionic members includes at least first and second actuators such as piston-cylinder assemblies connected between the members. A hydraulic circuit includes a sensor subsystem for sensing the magnitude of the load on the piston-cylinder assemblies and / or members. A fluid supply system includes an actuatable control valve operable to supply fluid to one or both piston-cylinder assemblies. A control circuit is responsive to the sensor and is configured to electronically control the fluid subsystem to supply fluid to the first piston-cylinder assembly when the sensor subsystem senses a load below a predetermined magnitude and to supply fluid to both piston-cylinder assemblies when the sensor subsystem senses a load above the predetermined magnitude.

The present invention represents a significant advancement in the field of cooling systems for computer hardware. In one embodiment, a system for cooling a heat-generating electronic device is provided. The system is mountable to a first side of a circuit board. The system includes a first set of fins, a fan operable to force air through the first set of fins, and a first heat pipe to conduct heat from the heat-generating electronic device to the first set of fins. One advantage of the disclosed cooling system is that it more equally distributes heat across the fins and more equally distributes airflow across surfaces of the fins. Thus, the design increases the effective area of the fin surfaces used in for transferring heat from the heat-generating electronic device to the air, resulting in a more efficient cooling system.

The invention relates to the technical field of communication, and discloses a patch antenna unit, an antenna and communication equipment. The patch antenna unit comprises stacked first support layer, substrate, second support layer and integrated circuit, wherein radiation patches are attached to the first support layer and the second support layer respectively; ground layers are arranged on the second support layer and are provided with coupling gaps; a feeder line corresponding to the coupling gaps is arranged on the second support layer; and the integrated circuit is connected with the first ground layers and the feeder line respectively. In a specific technical scheme, fabrication is carried out by the four layer-substrate, so that a 57-66GHz full-band high-frequency signal can be effectively fed into upper two layers of antennas for radiation by the coupling gaps in the third layer; the parasitic effect is reduced; meanwhile, the effective area of the antenna is increased by the stacked structure; and the performance effects of a high bandwidth and a high gain are brought for the antenna by achieved low parasitic parameters and high effective area.

A touch-panel display device in which a plurality of operation items are displayed in arrangement includes a tilt detector detecting an inclination of a portable equipment, and controls a display ratio of the plurality of operation items according to the direction of an inclination detected by the tilt detector and displays an operation item in large scale.

A fabrication method of a selective emitter solar cell, including: forming a selective emitter solar cell base having a buried grid electrode; forming an anti-reflection layer on the emitter surface of the solar cell base; forming a bus-bar on the anti-reflection layer; and connecting the buried grid electrode with the bus-bar in the traversing direction underneath through the anti-reflection layer. Accordingly, the invention provides a selective emitter solar cell. With the method of the invention, emitters and bus-bars are made separately, the width of the emitters can be reduced according to actual needs, the area that is unnecessarily taken may be reduced, the effective area for a solar cell panel to receive sunlight may be increased. The invention improves conversion efficiency of a selective emitter solar cell panel from 16.5% to 18% or more.

The present invention represents a significant advancement in the field of cooling systems for computer hardware. In one embodiment, a system for cooling a heat-generating electronic device is provided. The system is mountable to a first side of a circuit board. The system includes a first set of fins, a fan operable to force air through the first set of fins, and a first heat pipe to conduct heat from the heat-generating electronic device to the first set of fins. One advantage of the disclosed cooling system is that it more equally distributes heat across the fins and more equally distributes airflow across surfaces of the fins. Thus, the design increases the effective area of the fin surfaces used in for transferring heat from the heat-generating electronic device to the air, resulting in a more efficient cooling system.

Methods and systems for spinal radio frequency neurotomy. Systems include needles capable of applying RF energy to target volumes within a patient. Such target volumes may contain target medial branch nerves along vertebrae or rami proximate the sacrum. Such procedures may be used to ablate or cauterize a portion of the targeted nerve, thus blocking the ability of the nerve to transmit signals to the central nervous system. Disclosed needles may be operable to asymmetrically, relative to a central longitudinal axis of the needle, apply RF energy. Such asymmetry facilitates procedures where a tip of the needle is placed proximate to anatomical structures for location verification. Then RF energy may be applied in a selectable direction relative to the needle tip to ablate volumes that include the targeted medial branch nerves or rami, thus denervating facet joints or the sacroiliac joint, respectively, to relieve pain in a patient.

The invention discloses a method for preparing MnO2 supported catalysts, an application method thereof and a wastewater treatment device. The preparation method comprises the following steps: manganese acetate is prepared into a solution; one of activated carbon, active aluminium sesquioxide, white silica gel, a molecular sieve, zeolite or diatomite is taken as a carrier and dipped in the solution; and supported solid catalysts are prepared through dipping, evaporation, concentration, drying and roasting. A reactor of the wastewater treatment device is divided into a plurality of reaction spaces by baffles, and the catalysts exist as fluidized beds on every baffle. When the MnO2 supported catalysts prepared by the method are used in the reaction of degrading refractory organic matter through ozone catalytic oxidation, the contact time among the MnO2 supported catalysts, wastewater and ozone is between10 and 120 minutes, and the mass ratio of the adding amount of the catalysts to the wastewater in the reaction is between 1 to 200 and 1 to 20. The MnO2 supported catalysts prepared by the method have the characteristics of easy recovery, high repeat utilization property and high efficiency of catalyzing and degrading refractory organic matters.

The present invention aims at providing a cooling suit having a simple structure and capable of assuredly vaporizing a large amount of perspiration. To this end, there is provided a cooling suit to be worn on a wearer, comprising: an air inlet 2a configured to introduce outside air; parallel airstream generation means 3 for introducing the outside air through the air inlet to generate parallel airstreams which are substantially parallel to the wearer's body; a guide sheet simultaneously serving as a garment 2 and for guiding the parallel airstreams generated by the parallel airstream generation means, parallelly to the wearer's body; an air exit portion configured to discharge the parallel airstreams to the exterior; and electric-power source means for supplying electric power to the parallel airstream generation means; wherein the parallel airstream generation means cooperatively blows air of a total amount of about 5 m3 / H to 500 m3 / H into between the guide sheet and an undergarment or wearer's body to cause positive pressures between the guide sheet and the undergarment or wearer's body to thereby produce an air flow space therebetween, and the parallel airstream generation means causes the blown air to flow through the air flow space to thereby discharge moisture due to perspiration to the exterior and to thereby constantly feed fresh outside air into the air flow space, thereby largely intensifying conditions where perspiration can be evaporated.

This invention discloses a solar energy battery skylight and its manufacturing method aiming at producing a solar energy car skylight with arc by an arc lamination technology and turning the solar energy batteries serial or parallel on the arc of a car skylight glass to an integral arc structure and having the function of generation to improve the outlook of the skylight and overcome crisp in the large amplitude arc lamination.

The specification describes an optical fiber device for propagating and recompressing high energy, ultrashort pulses with minimal distortions due to nonlinearity. The device is based on propagation in a higher order mode (HOM) of a few-moded fiber. Coupling into the HOM may be accomplished using long-period gratings. Features of the HOM fiber mode that are useful for high quality pulse compression include large effective area, high dispersion and low dispersion slope. In a preferred case the long period gratings go through a turn-around point (TAP) at the wavelength of operation.

A method for fabricating a semiconductor package substrate having a plated metal layer on a conductive pad is proposed. First of all, a first resist layer is formed on a semiconductor package substrate having a plurality of traces and conductive pads on a surface thereof. The first resist layer is provided with at least an opening, such that the opening is able to contact the adjacent trace. Subsequently, a conductive film is formed in the opening, such that the conductive film can electrically connect the adjacent trace and conductive pad. After removing the first resist layer, a second resist layer having a plurality of openings is formed on the surface of the substrate to expose the conductive pad. Afterwards, an electroplating process is performed on the substrate, so that a metal layer is formed on an exposed surface of the conductive pad. The second resist layer and the conductive film are then removed from the substrate. A solder mask layer having a plurality of openings is also formed on the surface of the substrate to expose the conductive pad which has been covered by the metal layer using the electroplating process.

An inverse dispersion fiber having a large effective area and a transmission system that incorporates the fiber for providing dispersion and dispersion slope compensation in a transmission fiber. The large-effective-area inverse dispersion optical fiber (IDF) has a negative dispersion and a negative dispersion slope. The effective area, Aeff, of the IDF preferably is greater than approximately 31 micrometers squared (μm2) at a transmission wavelength of approximately 1550 nm. The large-effective-area IDF is suitable for use with super-large-effective-area (SLA) transmission fiber for compensating dispersion in the SLA transmission fiber while reducing nonlinear effects between wavelength channels and cabling loss, which is especially advantageous in transoceanic and long-haul terrestrial systems. These nonlinear effects are inversely related to the effective area of the fiber (i.e., nonlinearities˜1 / Aeff). Thus, an increase in the effective area of the fiber translates into a decrease in nonlinear interactions, which increases bandwidth capabilities and limits signal degradation. Furthermore, the large-effective-area IDF of the present invention has very desirable transmission properties. The present invention also provides a transmission system comprising at least one of the large-effective-area IDF optical fibers of the present invention. Furthermore, Aeff can be made large without having to increase the ratio, Ra, of the diameter of the core to the diameter of the trench region.

Provided are an integrated thin-film solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. The method comprises forming and patterning a conductive material to be adjacently spaced a predetermined distance apart from each other on a substrate; forming a solar cell (semiconductor) layer on the resultant substrate; obliquely depositing a first transparent conductive material on the solar cell layer; etching the solar cell layer using the first transparent conductive material as a mask; and obliquely depositing a second transparent conductive material on the resultant substrate, and electrically connecting the conductive material with the first transparent conductive material.

A micromachined ultrasonic transducer array comprising a multiplicity of cMUT cells built on a substrate. Each cMUT cell comprises a compliant support structure built on the substrate, a membrane supported over a cavity by the compliant support structure, a first electrode supported by the membrane, and a second electrode that forms a capacitor with the first electrode, the cavity being disposed between the first and second electrodes. The compliant support structure uncouples the non-membrane outer surface of each cMUT cell from the supporting substrate.