47results about How to "Improve high temperature stability" patented technology

The application discloses a transverse stepped gap groove clamp for a classical four-point bending experiment, which comprises an upper clamp, a lower clamp and a positioning connecting piece, standard installation through holes are arranged on the upper clamp, the lower clamp and an experimental sample, the positioning connecting piece passes through the standard installation through holes to realize the connection of the upper clamp, the experimental sample and the lower clamp, stepped gap groove arrays are arranged on working surfaces of the upper clamp and the lower clamp in contact with the experimental sample, the stepped gap groove array comprises a plurality of grooves arranged along the length direction of the upper clamp and the lower clamp, the depth of the groove is arranged along the height direction of the upper clamp and the lower clamp, the depth of the groove is increased or decreased along the length direction of the experimental sample according to a preset gradient, and the height of the groove is arranged along the thickness direction of the upper clamp and the lower clamp. The application can meet the requirement that the four-point bending experiment cannot realize high-throughput gap simulation in a stress corrosion environment, and is used for improving the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of the experiment.

This invention discloses a single-component moisture-curing conductive and thermally conductive adhesive and its preparation process, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts SMP adhesive; 15-30 parts flake silver powder; 500-900 parts spherical silver-coated copper powder; 0-400 parts dendritic silver-coated copper powder; 10-20 parts decamethyltetrasiloxane; 1-1.5 parts β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate isooctyl ester; 7.5-10 parts N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; and 1-1.5 parts vinyltrimethoxysilane. This invention allows the adhesive to cure at room temperature / low temperature using moisture in the air, eliminating the need for temperatures above 120°C. This completely avoids thermal stress damage to heat-sensitive substrates such as plastics, flexible circuit boards, and PET / PI films, making it perfectly suited for low-temperature processing scenarios such as flexible electronics manufacturing, wearable devices, and flexible sensors.

The application discloses a MAX phase reinforced three-dimensional network tin-based lead-free solder and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lead-free solder. The MAX phase reinforced three-dimensional network tin-based lead-free solder is characterized in that the MAX phase reinforcing phase is distributed in the form of a three-dimensional continuous network skeleton at the grain boundary of a tin-based lead-free solder matrix; and the MAX phase reinforcing phase forms a continuous network penetrating through the whole tin-based lead-free solder matrix. The application also discloses an application of the MAX phase reinforced three-dimensional network tin-based lead-free solder in a high-temperature, high-load and high-frequency vibration scene. Through process innovation and performance optimization, the application aims to finally prepare a "high-strength, high-plasticity and high-temperature stability" tin-based three-dimensional network composite solder, solves the problem that a traditional tin-based single-component lead-free solder is prone to deformation and cracking due to thermal stress and mechanical load, improves the reliability of electronic packaging, and expands the application range of the tin-based lead-free solder in high-demand fields.

This application discloses an electrolyte solute, its preparation method, and its application. The electrolyte solute comprises an olefinic cyclohexene carboxylic acid compound obtained by the reaction of conjugated diene carboxylic acids. The conjugated diene carboxylic acid includes at least one compound having the structure shown in Formula III: wherein X and Y are each independently selected from H, -RO-COOH, substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 saturated hydrocarbon groups, etc., and at least one of X and Y is -RO-COOH; RO represents a directly bonded or C1-10 saturated hydrocarbon group. The electrolyte solute of this application, comprising an olefinic cyclohexene carboxylic acid compound with unsaturated hydrocarbon functional groups, can both improve the flash voltage of the electrolyte and maintain low viscosity and high conductivity.

The invention discloses a sulfur-tolerant platinum-based catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of the sulfur-tolerant platinum-based catalyst comprises the following steps: weighing roasted ZrO2 as a carrier, weighing ammonium metatungstate, completely dissolving in deionized water, dropwise adding the solution until the carrier is completely immersed, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment; standing at room temperature, drying, and roasting in air at 500-600 DEG C to prepare a tungsten oxide loaded solid acid composite carrier WO3-ZrO2; and weighing chloroplatinic acid, completely dissolving the chloroplatinic acid in deionized water, dropwise adding the solution into the composite carrier, completely immersing the composite carrier, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, standing at room temperature, drying, and roasting in air at 250-350 DEG C to obtain the sulfur-tolerant platinum-based catalyst. The catalyst is simple in preparation method, has relatively strong tolerance to different sulfur species, and has good low-temperature catalytic performance and catalytic stability to low-carbon alkane.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode paste preparation, and particularly relates to an efficient and environment-friendly electrode paste production process. A composite binder and a corncob powder-lignin composite carbonized precursor are prepared, hexamethylenetetramine-melamine resin is used as a composite cross-linking agent, the rigidity and thermal stability of boron modified phenolic resin in the composite binder are enhanced through a B-O bond, a phenolic hydroxyl group of the boron modified phenolic resin and plant pitch form a hydrogen bond, and the plant pitch is subjected to heat preservation and heat preservation. A hydrogen bond-covalent bond cross-linked network is formed under the action of the cross-linking agent, so that the high-temperature structure stability is guaranteed; the corncob powder fixes lignin through a porous framework, multistage pore channels are formed after carbonization, interface gaps are filled, the lignin is pyrolyzed at a high temperature to generate a carbon nano-whisker reinforced framework, thermal stress can be dispersed, interface bonding can be enhanced, and therefore the compactness and high-temperature stability of the electrode paste are improved. In addition, the bio-based composite binder is adopted to replace traditional petroleum-based asphalt, so that the emission of harmful substances is reduced from the source, and the environmental protection benefit and the high performance of the product are both considered.

The application discloses a high-temperature curing ablation-resistant and heat-insulating two-component coating and a preparation process. The coating is composed of A component and B component. The A component comprises modified epoxy resin, liquid butyronitrile rubber, aluminum hydroxide powder, chromium trioxide, high-silica fiber powder, hollow glass microbead and toluene; the B component is a curing agent and a curing accelerator. In the preparation, the aluminum hydroxide powder, the chromium trioxide, the high-silica fiber powder and the hollow glass microbead are made into a filler dispersion liquid; then the epoxy resin and the liquid butyronitrile rubber are made into a resin-rubber mixture; then the filler dispersion liquid is slowly and uniformly added into the resin-rubber mixture under stirring, and the A component is obtained by soaking in a static magnetic field at room temperature and grinding; the curing agent and the curing accelerator are the B component. By optimizing the coating composition, the ablation resistance and the heat-insulating performance of the coating can be obviously improved by coating a single layer, the construction process is simplified, the coating thickness is reduced, and the high-temperature resistance of the coating is improved.

The application discloses a kind of high-performance outdoor full package imitation wood composite board and preparation method thereof, relate to polyurethane composite board technical field, the full package imitation wood composite board includes base board, and the polyurethane material of setting in the lower surface and the four around of base board, and the resin material of setting in upper surface.Its preparation method includes the following steps: pouring polyurethane material in the silica gel mould after surface treatment, place base board, mould pressing, make the polyurethane material with wood texture around and lower surface of base board composite, obtain intermediate product A;Resin material is rolled on the upper surface of intermediate product A, and is dried, to obtain full package imitation wood composite board;The silica gel mould after surface treatment is prepared by transferring real solid wood board texture.

The application belongs to the technical field of modified asphalt materials, and particularly relates to high-viscosity and high-elasticity modified asphalt for ultra-thin surface and a preparation method thereof. The high-viscosity and high-elasticity modified asphalt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of base asphalt, 7-15 parts of SBS thermoplastic elastomer, 2-4 parts of tackifier, 4-8 parts of plasticizer, 3-6 parts of polyolefin elastomer grafted glycidyl methacrylate, and 1-2 parts of diaryl disulfide. The polyolefin elastomer grafted glycidyl methacrylate, the specific tackifier and the plasticizer are used to synergistically modify the SBS modified asphalt, so that the anti-segregation performance, low-temperature crack resistance, high-temperature stable anti-rutting capability and anti-aging property of the obtained modified asphalt can be simultaneously improved.

This invention discloses a laser-shock-assisted creep aging forming method for thin-walled components with complex curvature. The method includes: simulating and obtaining difficult-to-form regions; performing laser shock on the difficult-to-form regions of a large-size aluminum alloy thin-walled component sheet; wrapping and fixing a breathable felt around the impacted component; placing the component in a sealed space formed between a vacuum bag and the mold surface; evacuating the sealed space; and then sending the mold into an autoclave for creep aging. After completion, the component springs back, yielding the target surface. This method uses a laser to impact localized areas of a large-size aluminum alloy thin-walled component, introducing dislocations while achieving pre-forming. This provides a good surface foundation for subsequent high-precision creep aging forming of the component, and is suitable for forming parts with complex curvature.

The application discloses a kind of anti-fake color-changing ink and printing process for flat paper to print two-dimensional code, belong to the technical field of ink for anti-fake.The anti-fake color-changing ink according to weight fraction, including: acrylic emulsion 35-40 parts, polyurethane emulsion 15-20 parts, bisphenol A type epoxy resin 5-8 parts, thermochromic material 6-10 parts, hydrogel coated thermochromic material 2-5 parts, temperature-sensitive color-changing capsule 5-8 parts, scratch-resistant additive 2-3 parts, first coupling agent 1-2 parts, second coupling agent 1-2 parts, leveling agent 0.5-0.8 parts, defoaming agent 0.3-0.5 parts, stabilizer 0.5-0.8 parts, first crosslinking agent 2-3 parts, methylsilane 1-2 parts, wax emulsion 1-2 parts, wetting agent 2-3 parts, preservative 0.1-0.5 parts and deionized water 15-20 parts;The hydrogel coated thermochromic material is acrylamide-based hydrogel coated thermochromic material.The anti-fake color-changing ink can simultaneously realize the promotion of anti-precipitation, high adhesion, scratch resistance, high-temperature aging resistance by the synergy of hydrogel coated thermochromic material and scratch-resistant additive.

This invention discloses a method for preparing high-entropy ceramic matrix composites using a reactive infiltration process, belonging to the technical field of ceramic matrix composites. The steps are as follows: at least four single-component carbides are ball-milled and mixed with a carbon source, then dispersed in a dispersion liquid to obtain a slurry; continuous fibers are woven into a preform, and an interface layer and a matrix layer are deposited to obtain a semi-dense composite material; the slurry is introduced through vacuum or pressure impregnation; and a high-entropy carbide matrix is ​​generated in situ and densified by reactive infiltration after embedding with a transition metal and its alloy. This invention solves the problems of long process cycles, high porosity, high cost, and insufficient introduction of high-entropy ceramics in existing processes, achieving rapid densification and improving the material's high-temperature stability, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance. It is suitable for the large-scale production of thermal protection materials for hypersonic vehicles.

The present application relates to a kind of cylindrical electrode paste and its preparation method.A kind of cylindrical electrode paste, by mass parts, including 15-20 parts of anthracite main material, 25-40 parts of residual anode, 3-10 parts of graphite fragment, 25-35 parts of coke, 15-30 parts of organic binder, 6-18 parts of bio-based binder. Among them, organic binder includes medium temperature pitch, anthracene oil, beta resin. Among them, bio-based binder includes carbonized hydrophobic composite modified wood bamboo powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The carbonized hydrophobic composite modified wood bamboo powder of the present application and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are compounded to form a bio-based binder, which cooperates with the organic binder to ensure the bonding strength, high temperature resistance and electrical conductivity of the cylindrical electrode paste, while realizing the green and low-carbon utilization of biomass, solving the problems of high temperature failure, moisture absorption and easy caking, and many pores of traditional bio-based binder, reducing the resistivity and production cost, and improving the structural density and use stability.

This application belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant intumescent thermal insulation materials, specifically providing an inorganic intumescent thermal insulation fireproof coating and its preparation method. The inorganic intumescent thermal insulation fireproof coating comprises the following components: potassium silicate solution, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, porous composite filler, melamine, pentaerythritol, aluminum hydroxide, glass powder, expandable graphite, mullite fiber, BYK-025 defoamer, sodium tripolyphosphate dispersant, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thickener. The inorganic intumescent thermal insulation fireproof coating obtained by this application exhibits excellent bonding strength, high-temperature structural stability, and controllable expansion, making it suitable for fire protection in scenarios such as new energy battery boxes and steel structure buildings, and capable of meeting stringent fire protection requirements.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material in which the particle size of primary particles is uniform, so that the amount of fine powder is small, and the particles are rarely crushed in a fine crushing step and a rolling step for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery. The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material, a method for preparing the same, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, in which the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide having a nickel content of 50 mol% or more in all transition metals and being in the form of a single particle consisting of 10 or less primary particles, and a polydispersity index (PDI) value according to Equation 1 described in the specification is 1.0 to 1.8.

The present application relates to the technical field of thermal insulation coating, and proposes a nano-porous aerogel thermal insulation coating and a preparation method thereof, and a raw material of the nano-porous aerogel thermal insulation coating, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: modified silica aerogel 10-25 parts, epoxy acrylate resin 40-55 parts, sodium polyacrylate 5-8 parts, dispersing agent 1-1.5 parts, and defoaming agent 0.5-1 part; the modified silica aerogel is boron oxide modified silica aerogel. Through the above technical solution, the problem of poor thermal insulation performance and mechanical properties of the aerogel thermal insulation coating in the prior art is solved.

The present application relates to the technical field of hard alloy, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness impact-resistant super coarse hard alloy for mining, which is based on an iron-nickel base, cooperates with a carbon nanotube-regulated carbon fiber agent and a boron agent to improve the bending strength, impact toughness, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance stability of the super coarse hard alloy in acid, alkali and salt mist environments, and solves the problems of brittle fracture, poor corrosion resistance and short service life of traditional hard alloys in mining working conditions. The alloy prepared by the present application has high hardness, high strength and toughness and excellent corrosion resistance, and is suitable for strong impact and heavy load components such as mining drill bits, cutting teeth and drill bits.

This invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology, specifically relating to a highly stable vitamin D3 granule and its preparation method. The preparation method of vitamin D3 granules provided by this invention includes: (1) mixing vitamin D3 and an oil phase solvent to obtain an oil phase; (2) mixing an emulsifier, a film-forming agent, a thickener, and water to obtain an aqueous phase; (3) mixing the oil phase and the aqueous phase, shearing, and homogenizing to obtain a vitamin D3 emulsion; and (4) spray drying to obtain vitamin D3 granules. The viscosity of the vitamin D3 emulsion is 350-400.9 mPa·s. In the spray drying, the feed rate of the vitamin D3 emulsion is 160-180 mL / h. This preparation method is simple, low in cost, and easy to industrialize. The obtained vitamin D3 granules have uniform particle size, good content uniformity, and controllable specifications.

This utility model relates to the field of sludge conveying pipeline technology, and provides a corrosion-resistant sludge conveying pipeline, including a pipeline body. Flanges are fixed to the outer walls of both ends of the pipeline body. A protective structure is provided on the inner wall of the pipeline body, and an anti-corrosion coating is provided on the outer wall of the pipeline body. A noise reduction structure is provided on the outer side of the anti-corrosion coating. By incorporating the noise reduction structure, the friction between the rubber pad and the base is increased under the action of the rubber seat, preventing the pipeline body from shaking. By fitting a clamp onto the outer side of the rubber pad and fixing it to the base with a fixing nut, the clamp and base are secured to each other, thus fixing the rubber pad to the outer side of the anti-corrosion coating. The rubber pad reduces the transmission of noise generated by sludge flow, achieving the function of noise reduction and improving the applicability of the sludge conveying pipeline in use.

This invention relates to a wide-width high-temperature carbonization furnace, belonging to the technical field of carbon fiber production equipment. The furnace chamber of this invention has an arched top plate, and the connection between the arched top plate and the side plates is a sliding groove engagement. The furnace body contains an ash accumulation chamber, a graphite scraper capable of completely covering the ash accumulation chamber, and a graphite scraper driving mechanism. The ash accumulation chamber is connected to injection and suction ports located on both sides of the furnace body. The arched top plate of this invention, which is slidably supported by the side plates, provides strong structural stability. Furthermore, the movable graphite scraper and ash accumulation chamber within the furnace allow for automatic cleaning of the furnace without shutting down the production line.

The application discloses a kind of high-sensitivity thermal sensitive coating of nanomaterial and preparation method thereof, wherein, high-sensitivity thermal sensitive coating of nanomaterial includes the following components by mass fraction: base component 30-50 parts;Hydroxylated nanometer bismuth acid lanthanum 5-12 parts;Amino-modified nanometer tin oxide antimony 4-10 parts;Polyimide-coated nanometer europium vanadate 3-8 parts;Dispersing agent 2-6 parts;Film forming agent 3-7 parts;Anti-aging agent 1-3 parts;Solvent 15-30 parts;The present application is high in thermal sensitivity, by designing hydroxylated nanometer bismuth acid lanthanum, amino-modified nanometer tin oxide antimony, polyimide-coated nanometer europium vanadate three kinds of innovative thermal sensitive components, synergistic effect of three, can significantly improve the thermal sensitive response sensitivity of coating, the thermal sensitive response sensitivity of coating is ≤0.1 DEG C, far higher than existing thermal sensitive coating (0.5 DEG C or more), can satisfy the demand of high-precision temperature detection.

The application discloses a low-hairiness linen-imitating style clothing fabric and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of clothing fabrics. The clothing fabric is formed by interweaving first warp yarn, second warp yarn, first weft yarn and second weft yarn. The first warp yarn and the first weft yarn are core-spun yarns, the core-spun yarns comprise a core layer and a cladding layer, the core layer is spandex filament, and the cladding layer is a blend of polyester fiber and viscose fiber. The second warp yarn and the second weft yarn are two single yarns that are subjected to oiling treatment and twisted into a strand. The oiling treatment is performed by using modified oil agent. The clothing fabric prepared by the innovative double-yarn structure design and the modified oil agent technology has the natural texture of linen fabric and the delicate appearance of modern textile, the production process is stable, the rate of superior products is significantly improved, the double requirements of quality and functionality of linen-imitating fabric are met, and the clothing fabric has important industrial application value and market prospect.

This invention discloses a method for preparing and applying a high-temperature stable resin-based friction material, relating to the field of automotive friction materials technology. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing thermosetting resin binder, reinforcing fibers, metal fillers, friction modifiers, ceramic abrasives, and damping agents in a high-speed mixer to obtain a uniform mixture; placing the mixture in a mold and hot-pressing it to obtain friction material A; subjecting friction material A to post-curing heat treatment to completely cure the thermosetting resin binder to obtain friction material B; machining friction material B; and subjecting the machined friction material B to a high-temperature surface ablation treatment to obtain a high-temperature stable resin-based friction material. The friction material prepared by this invention has the following effects: significantly improved high-temperature stability, enhanced friction coefficient stability, significantly reduced wear on aluminum-ceramic brake discs, and excellent initial friction performance.

The utility model discloses a diesel engine body oil channel of anti -leakage, including the oil pipe of body, the front of oil pipe of body is equipped with the oil head, the top of oil head is equipped with the mounting screw, the outer surface fixed connection of oil pipe of body has the connecting disc, the inner side wall of oil head is equipped with the oil outlet, the back of oil head fixed communication has the communicating pipe. The close connection of the device through oil pipe of body and oil head, utilize the cooperation of connecting disc positioning, compression pad, positioning groove and sealing ring, effectively prevent the leakage of lubricating oil, ensure the leakproofness, and the stable performance of high temperature layer guarantee oil pipe of body under high temperature environment, prolong the life, and the inner layer oil channel reduces the flow resistance of lubricating oil, improves the conveying efficiency, ensures the engine parts lubrication in time, reduces the friction and abrasion, and the outer layer sealing layer and polytetrafluoroethylene coating further enhance the sealing performance and anticorrosion ability, make oil pipe of body still can keep good sealing under the harsh environment.

The application belongs to the technical field of enzyme engineering, and relates to a glycoside hydrolase mutant and application thereof. The application successfully obtains a high-temperature stable glycoside hydrolase mutant Bgl8-4X (M332S / H177A / N367P / L254K) through a semi-rational modification strategy, and significantly improves the conversion efficiency of CK. In a high-temperature condition of 70 DEG C, the CK yield of Bgl8-4X reaches 1311.02% of that of the wild-type Bgl8 when a crude ginsenoside extract is used as a substrate, and the application provides a potential candidate enzyme for solving the poor thermal stability difference in multi-enzyme combination and the industrial high-temperature environment adaptation problem.

This utility model relates to the field of high vacuum coating equipment technology, and in particular to an organic ceramic evaporation source for high vacuum coating equipment. It includes an evaporation source mechanism for vaporizing organic materials and depositing them onto a substrate to form a thin film. The evaporation source mechanism includes: a main component, including a vacuum flange mounted on a high vacuum coating machine; a connecting seat fixed to the top of the vacuum flange; a connecting frame connected to the upper end of the connecting seat; an evaporation source base fixed to the upper end of the connecting frame; an outer insulation tube fixed to the upper end of the evaporation source base; and a ceramic heating tube installed inside the outer insulation tube. By using a ceramic heating tube instead of a metal heating wire, it possesses high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance; the integrated design simplifies the installation process; the mirror-polished insulation tube improves thermal efficiency and achieves precise temperature control; a swing cylinder adjusts the baffle angle to ensure uniform vapor distribution; the entire system adapts to a high vacuum environment, significantly improving coating quality and equipment reliability.

This invention discloses a process for manufacturing an impact-resistant and wear-resistant ultra-hard metal-based composite layer and a straightening roller, comprising an alloy groove coating layer one, an alloy groove coating layer two, and an alloy working layer; both alloy groove coating layer one and alloy groove coating layer two have sinusoidal structures, are staggered, and have at least one set of intersection nodes between them, and are located inside the alloy working layer. By introducing V and Nb into the original formulation and precisely adjusting the proportions of components such as Co, Ni, Cr, C, B, and Si to meet the requirements, the composite layer retains high hardness and good oxidation resistance, impact resistance, thermal shock resistance, and corrosion resistance at high temperatures, improving the spraying process performance of the alloy coating and increasing the deposition rate.

This invention provides an integrated method for controlling the converter furnace mouth and its application. The method includes the following steps: S1. Structural optimization: synchronously performing adaptive adjustments to the water-cooled furnace mouth diameter expansion and furnace hood length to form a smooth charging channel; S2. Charge preparation: preparing magnesia-based supplementary charge with specific particle size and composition; S3. Charge supplementation: when the tapping angle reaches -80° to -85°, directionally supplementing the charge to the critical area of ​​slag impact; S4. Feedback control: dynamically adjusting the supplementation amount based on real-time monitoring of the furnace lining condition; S5. System fine-tuning: performing closed-loop fine-tuning of structural parameters and supplementation strategies based on slag runoff and charging cycle data. This method integrates and solves the technical problems of long main raw material charging cycles and severe slag runoff at the furnace mouth during tapping, effectively improving converter production efficiency, reducing molten steel loss, and improving the production environment.

The application discloses an Hf-Ta-Si / (Hf,Zr)B2 layered composite ultrahigh-temperature protective coating which is composed of a TaSi2 bottom layer, a ceramic layer surface layer with (Hf,Zr)B2 ultrahigh-temperature ceramic as a main phase and a Ta5Si3 interface reaction layer located at the interface between the substrate and the TaSi2 bottom layer, and the interface between each layer is an in-situ reaction autogenous interface; the coating is obtained by prepositioning the slurry of raw material powder on the surface of a tantalum alloy, drying, and then vacuum reaction sintering in one step; the coating has excellent ultrahigh-temperature oxidation resistance, heat scouring resistance and thermal shock resistance, and can effectively protect the tantalum alloy material under the conditions of oxygen, heat scouring and strong thermal shock at 1000 DEG C to 1800 DEG C; the method can reduce the adverse effects of the melting and sintering process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the tantalum alloy, avoid the problem of preparing the ultrahigh-temperature ceramic coating on the surface of a tantalum alloy with a complex shape, and has higher coating deposition efficiency and lower cost.