312results about "Radiation electrical energy" patented technology

Disclosed herein are charge or electricity generating devices and methods of making and use thereof.

An electrically inactive betavoltaic battery, an electrically active betavoltaic battery, and methods of making the same are provided. In implementations, a method of making an electrically active betavoltaic battery includes: providing an electrically inactive betavoltaic battery device having one or more diodes incorporating a semiconductor material layer having a stable non-radioactive isotope; and irradiating the electrically inactive betavoltaic battery device with thermal neutrons, thereby causing the conversion of at least a portion of the stable non-radioactive isotope to a radionuclide and creating the electrically active betavoltaic battery, wherein the semiconductor material layer acts as both an electron emitter and an electron absorber simultaneously.

The technology includes an electric vehicle (EV) including a drivetrain system and a power system. The drivetrain system includes an electric motor configured to supply motive power to the EV and a drivetrain controller configured to control power supplied to the electric motor. The power system includes a primary battery configured to supply electric current to the drivetrain controller of the drivetrain system. The primary battery is rechargeable via a charging station. The power system also includes a trickle charger configured to supply a trickle charge to a component of the power system. The trickle charger is a self-contained source of electric current that is generated autonomously and is not rechargeable. The power system further includes a power management controller configured to manage electric current supplied from the trickle charger to the power system.

A nuclear battery in a safety metal container device with a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure is provided, utilizing high-level radioactive waste or low-level radioactive waste including debris from a meltdown. [Solution] The nuclear battery of a safety metal container device using a tandem CVD diamond cell module structure has a thallium layer 2 and a lead layer 3 that shield against ionizing radiation arranged in parallel inside the metal container 1 having a cubic or rectangular flat surface, and a 45-degree bent perforated metal plate 20 on the surface of the cooled metal container 5, which is reinforced by providing the circulating water cooling layer 8 or forced air circulation air cooling layer 8 of the cooled metal container 5, to prevent distortion or deformation of the surface due to heat generated by the tandem CVD diamond cell module structure 10 and dissipate heat, thereby improving the utilization of power from perpetual conversion power generation and shielding against ionizing radiation.

The invention discloses a Ga2O3 heterojunction beta irradiation battery with a multi-groove radioactive source, relates to the technical field of microelectronics, and solves the problems of low energy utilization rate and low energy conversion efficiency of a Ga2O3 nuclear battery radioactive source in the prior art. The battery comprises a filling type multi-groove radioactive source; the Ga2O3 heterojunction diode unit sequentially comprises a P-type ohmic contact electrode, a P-type NiO ion implantation region, an N-type Ga2O3 low-doped epitaxial layer, an N-type Ga2O3 high-doped substrate and an N-type ohmic contact electrode from top to bottom; a multi-T-type radioactive isotope source layer in the filling type multi-groove radioactive source is arranged above the P-type NiO ion implantation region and forms radiation energy coupling with the Ga2O3 heterojunction diode unit; the groove type structure is filled with the radioactive source, the energy deposition of the radioactive source entering the semiconductor conversion device is greatly increased, and the energy conversion efficiency of the Ga2O3 beta irradiation battery is improved.

The invention provides a tritium radiation volt isotope battery. The tritium radiation volt isotope battery comprises a shell and a stacking structure, the shell is provided with an accommodating cavity; the stacked structure is arranged in the containing cavity and comprises a positive pole piece, a semiconductor transduction layer and a negative pole piece which are arranged in a stacked mode, the semiconductor transduction layer is arranged to be an array formed by columnar nano particles, liquid tritides are distributed on the surfaces of the columnar nano particles, and the liquid tritides comprise all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole and / or all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole and / or all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole and / or all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole and / or all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole and / or all-tritiated N-ethyl carbazole. And part of tritiated N-ethyl carbazole. The radiation volt isotope battery has improved energy conversion efficiency.

A betavoltaic power source. The power source comprises a source of beta particles and a plurality of regions for collecting the beta particles and for generating electron hole pairs responsive to the beta particle flux. The power source is intended for in vivo applications and is scaled to fit within a catheter for placing the power source and one or more sensors or activators within a living body. Preferably, a secondary power source is charged by a current developed by the electron hole pairs for providing constant power to the sensors or activators.

The invention discloses a super-flexible isotope battery and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of batteries, the super-flexible isotope battery comprises a plurality of semiconductor modules, the semiconductor modules are distributed in a staggered array along the horizontal direction, and a carbon nanotube bundle is arranged between any two adjacent semiconductor modules. And the semiconductor module is connected with the carbon nanotube bundle to form a PN junction. According to the super-flexible isotope battery and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, the problems of limited use scene and short power supply time of a flexible solar battery in the prior art are solved, and the super-flexible isotope battery which is high in energy density, not limited by scenes and capable of supplying power for a long time is provided.

Provided is an isotope cell, including a plurality of isotope unit cells that includes an electrode including a first electrode and a second electrode, a radioactive source arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an energy conversion layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a connector that is arranged in at least some of gaps each existing between any adjacent isotope unit cells among the plurality of isotope unit cells, and electrically connects each electrode of the adjacent isotope unit cells.

The invention discloses a 19-electron NbCoSb thermoelectric material and a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to the field of thermoelectric materials. Comprising the steps that Nb elementary substance powder, Co elementary substance powder and Sb elementary substance powder are placed in a high-energy ball mill to be subjected to mechanical alloying, and nanoscale NbCoSb compound precursor powder is obtained; the ball milling time of the high-energy ball mill is 12-24 hours; the nanoscale NbCoSb compound precursor powder is screened; and putting the screened nanoscale NbCoSb compound precursor powder into a graphite mold, and putting the graphite mold into a discharge plasma sintering furnace for sintering to obtain the N-type NbCoSb thermoelectric material. A large number of multi-scale nano structures and defects are introduced into the precursor, low thermal conductivity can be obtained while the electrical transport property is maintained, and then the high-performance thermoelectric material with good high-temperature stability is obtained.

The invention provides an X-ray photovoltaic radiation cell based on a gallium-containing semiconductor and a preparation method of the X-ray photovoltaic radiation cell. The gallium-containing semiconductor X-ray radiation photovoltaic cell comprises a gallium-containing semiconductor transduction unit and an X-ray radiation source 55Fe arranged on the semiconductor transduction unit, wherein the semiconductor transduction unit containing gallium comprises at least one of GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaInP (gallium indium phosphide), GaP (gallium phosphide) and Ga2O3 (gallium trioxide). According to the invention, the structure of a radiation photovoltaic cell is adopted, the output power density of an X-ray radioactive source 55Fe can be effectively improved, the penetration depth of the X-ray source 55Fe in a semiconductor can be effectively shortened by taking GaAs, GaInP, GaP and Ga2O3 as semiconductor materials, and meanwhile, the collection capability of current carriers is effectively improved by adjusting the total thickness of a semiconductor transduction unit and the doping concentration of each layer, so that the performance of the X-ray source 55Fe is improved. And finally, the preparation of the X-ray radiation photovoltaic cell with high output power and high energy conversion efficiency is realized.

Radiation shielding technologies for radioisotope battery-powered vehicles to protect computer systems and humans and increase the energy efficiency, mass efficiency, and duration capability of the vehicle during operation. A radioisotope power system includes a radioisotope power unit that emits a plurality of radiation particles. The radioisotope power system further includes a radiation shield configured to block a first radiation particle of the plurality of radiation particles. The radioisotope power system further includes a decoupling device configured to decouple the radiation shield from a vehicle. The radioisotope power unit can include one or more radioisotopes for power, propulsion, or both power and propulsion of the vehicle. The one or more radioisotopes can include an alpha emitting isotope, a beta emitting isotope, a gamma emitting isotope, or a combination thereof. The one or more radioisotopes can be for heat generation. The vehicle can be a spacecraft or an aircraft.

The invention relates to a strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube composite ceramic core block and a preparation method and application thereof, the composite ceramic core block is prepared from strontium titanate and boron nitride nanotubes, and the mass percent of the boron nitride nanotubes in the strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube composite ceramic core block is 0.1-3%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly adding obtained surface modified boron nitride nanotube slurry into strontium titanate slurry to obtain strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube slurry; heating and stirring the strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube slurry to obtain strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube composite powder; the strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube composite powder is subjected to pellet blank compression molding and sintering, and the strontium titanate / boron nitride nanotube composite ceramic pellet is obtained. Compared with the prior art, the heat conduction and mechanical properties of the 90SrTiO3 ceramic core block can be effectively improved.

An energy converter is configured to convert photons into an output electrical signal, wherein the energy converter includes a laser arrangement configured to generate a beam of photons and a waveguide arrangement fabricated onto a substrate. The waveguide arrangement includes a plurality of waveguides configured to exhibit a non-linear optical effect, in which the plurality of waveguides are configured to receive the beam of photons and to bifurcate the beam into electron-rich photons propagating along one of the plurality of waveguides and into positron-rich photons propagating along another of the plurality of waveguides. An electrode arrangement having one or more electrodes are configured to apply an electric field to the electron-rich photons and the positron-rich photons to extract the output electrical signal therefrom. The energy converter may be, for example, included as a component part of a positron source for generating a beam of positrons.

An electrical generator system including a radionuclide material; and a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure including: a layer of an n-type semiconductor material; a layer of intrinsic n-type semiconductor material; a layer of p-type semiconductor material; and metal electrodes, one of the electrodes being in direct contact with said n-type semiconductor material and another electrode being in contact with the p-type semiconductor material, forming metal-semiconductor junctions therebetween; wherein radiation emissions received from said radionuclide material are converted into electrical energy at said metal-semiconductor junctions; and electrical contacts connected to said electrodes which facilitate the flow of said electrical energy when connected to a load.

Betavoltaic battery devices and methods of making are presented. In embodiments, an electrically inactive betavoltaic battery device comprises: a p-type semiconductor layer including at least one stable isotope that transforms into a beta emitter upon irradiation with thermal neutrons; and an n-type semiconductor beta-absorber layer configured to absorb beta particles; wherein the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer form a p-n diode, and wherein the electrically inactive betavoltaic battery device is configured to be transformed into an electrically active betavoltaic battery upon irradiation with thermal neutrons. The electrically inactive betavoltaic battery device may be transported to an irradiation facility, where it is irradiated with thermal neutrons to convert the inactive betavoltaic batter device to an active betavoltaic battery device.

The invention relates to the technical scheme. The invention belongs to the field of new energy and nuclear energy battery technology. The method is a comprehensive and systematic method for directly converting radioactive substances and radiation of the radioactive substances into electric energy. The utilization of radioactive substances is the utilization of a contact potential effect existing among substances with different Fermi levels. The utilization of the radiation is the utilization of the contact potential effect of a non-Fermi level; according to the technical scheme, the contact potential effect formed by the electric potential generated by radiation rays and radiation on a polar plate is utilized, and the effect is converted into electric energy capable of being actually utilized under the action of a medium which has conductivity and controls voltage and limits conductivity under a certain condition.

The present invention provides a packaging structure and packaging method for a nuclear battery, comprising: a first transducer and a second transducer, comprising a first surface and a second surface respectively, wherein the first surface is provided with a first and a second upper electrode, and the second surface is provided with a first and a second back electrode, and the first and the second upper electrodes include a grid electrode and a surrounding electrode surrounding the grid electrode; a radiation source film, arranged between the grid electrodes; a metal bonding layer, comprising an annular metal layer bonded between the surrounding electrodes and a lead-out metal part connected to one side of the annular metal part. The present invention can greatly increase the number of stacks within a certain volume and improve the volume power density. The grid structure of the present invention can provide a good non-blocking area for transducer incidence. The present invention uses a transient liquid phase bonding process to perform a completely sealed package of a carbon-14 radiation-voltaic nuclear battery, which can effectively achieve complete sealing of the radiation source and fixed position of the transducer device, and can achieve good electrode contact.

The present disclosure provides a nuclear power source, a nuclear battery assembly, and a method of manufacture thereof. The nuclear power source comprising a radiation source layer, a first electrical insulator layer disposed over the radiation source layer, a first casing layer disposed over the first electrical insulator layer, a first electrode in contact with the radiation source layer, and a second electrode in contact with the first casing layer. The radiation source layer comprises a composition configurable to emit beta radiation. A voltage potential is present between the first electrode and the second electrode when the radiation source layer emits beta radiation. The first electrical insulator layer has a thickness that reduces an average energy of the beta-radiation from the radiation source layer that contacts the first casing layer such that Bremsstrahlung radiation emitted when the beta-radiation reaches the first casing layer is reduced.

The utility model relates to the field of nuclear energy technology application, in particular to a nuclear battery series-parallel packaging structure based on beta radiation Ford effect, beta radiation photovoltaic effect and double effect, which comprises a battery protective shell, a nuclear battery integrated substrate laminated structure, a nuclear battery and an inner lead, a bonding material is fixedly bonded to the bottom of the nuclear battery integrated substrate laminated structure, and the nuclear battery integrated substrate laminated structure is fixed to the main shell through the bonding material; the main shell is of an inner hollow cubic thin-wall structure, the volume of an inner cavity of the main shell is matched with the volume of a nuclear battery integrated substrate laminated structure, the top of the main shell is of a two-step structure, and the bottom of the shell cover is embedded into the two-step structure at the top of the main shell and is bonded with the two-step structure through a bonding material. The technical scheme is used for solving the problems of small power output, large packaging structure size, low integration level and poor stability of the nuclear battery monomer in the prior art.

To provide a novel useful system and method for thermionic energy conversion.SOLUTION: In a thermionic energy conversion system including one or more electron collectors, interfacial layers, encapsulated bodies, and / or electron emitters, a method for thermionic energy generation includes receiving power, emitting electrons, and receiving the emitted electrons, and optionally includes convectively transferring heat and / or any other suitable elements.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

A radiation detector includes a first pixel and a second pixel disposed in a same column, a first comparator connected with the first pixel via a first vertical signal line, and a second comparator connected with the second pixel via a second vertical signal line. A first distance from a conversion portion of the first pixel to the first vertical signal line is different from a second distance from a conversion portion of the second pixel to the second vertical signal line. The first comparator is configured to receive a first reference signal and compare the first reference signal with an output signal sent from the first pixel. The second comparator is configured to receive a second reference signal and compare the second reference signal with an output signal sent from the second pixel. The second reference signal is different from the first reference signal.

1. A generator system comprising a radionuclide material (7) and a sandwich structure comprising a layer of n-type semiconductor material (5), a layer of intrinsic n-type semiconductor material (4), a layer of p-type semiconductor material (3), metal electrodes (2, 6) one electrode 6 in direct contact with the n-type semiconductor material and the other electrode 2 in contact with the p-type semiconductor material forming a metal-semiconductor junction therebetween, whereby radioactive radiation received from the radionuclide material is converted to electrical energy at the metal-semiconductor junction, and electrical contacts connected to the electrodes that facilitate the flow of the electrical energy when connected to a load.

A method for fabricating an ambient energy converter is described, comprising a plate-shaped support substrate consisting of a first conductor material as the first electrode and a layered structure arranged on this substrate. This structure consists of a layer of ferroelectric material and a layer of a second conductor material, different from the first conductor material, as the second electrode. The two conductor materials have different concentrations of free electrons. The ferroelectric material comprises one or more ferroelectric semiconductors. Ferroelectric semiconductors used as the ferroelectric material are selected from the list of sodium nitrite, semiconductor ceramics based on barium titanate, lithium niobate, potassium niobate, lead titanate, etc.The process comprises the following steps: - providing a plate made of the conductor material intended for the first electrode as a substrate, - subjecting the substrate to at least one surface treatment, - applying the layer of ferroelectric material (BTO layer) to a side of the substrate intended as the front, - masking at least the edges of the BTO layer on the front of the substrate, leaving at least one area within the edges of the BTO layer free, and - applying the conductor material intended for the second electrode to the area left free from masking.

The invention discloses a metamaterial anti-reflection film for a radioactive isotope thermophotovoltaic cell and a preparation method and application of the metamaterial anti-reflection film. The invention relates to a metamaterial anti-reflection film for a radioactive isotope thermophotovoltaic cell, which is an all-dielectric metamaterial anti-reflection film. The all-dielectric metamaterial anti-reflection film sequentially comprises a first reflection layer, a second reflection layer and a Si nano resonance microstructure layer from bottom to top. The anti-reflection film provided by the invention has high flexibility, and the refractive index of the anti-reflection film and the reflection characteristic of electromagnetic waves can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the structural parameters of the metamaterial, so that the performance of the anti-reflection film in a target wave band and a wide angle range is accurately optimized; the high-efficiency anti-reflection effect of the near-infrared light band matched with the thermal photovoltaic module used by the radioisotope thermal photovoltaic cell is realized, the reflection loss of light is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and the overall electrical output performance of the radioisotope thermal photovoltaic cell is further improved.

Various embodiments of a power source package are disclosed. The power source package includes an enclosure having an outer surface and an inner surface, where the enclosure includes a helium impermeable material; a betavoltaic power source disposed within an interior volume of the enclosure; and a pressure vent disposed on or at least partially in the enclosure and in fluid communication with the interior volume of the enclosure. The pressure vent is configured to vent at least a portion of helium generated within the enclosure through the pressure vent to an external environment of the enclosure.

A device for producing electricity. The device includes a substrate having spaced apart first and second surfaces and doped a first dopant type, first semiconductor material layers disposed atop the first substrate surface and doped the first dopant type, and second semiconductor material layers disposed atop the first semiconductor material layers and doped a second dopant type. A first contact is in electrical contact with the second substrate surface or in electrical contact with one of the first semiconductor material layers. A beta particle source emits beta particles that penetrate into the semiconductor material layers; the beta particle source is proximate the uppermost layer of the second plurality of semiconductor material layers. A second contact is in electrical contact with one of the second plurality of semiconductor material layers. In one embodiment, bi-polar contacts (the first and second contacts) are co-located on each major face of the device.

The invention provides a photovoltaic module, a solar cell, a power utilization device, a preparation method, a packaging adhesive film and application. The photovoltaic module comprises a battery layer and a packaging adhesive layer, the battery layer comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode which are arranged in sequence, and the packaging adhesive layer is located on the side, away from the photoelectric conversion layer, of the second electrode; the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a light absorption layer; wherein the packaging adhesive layer comprises a radioisotope material. The photovoltaic module comprises the packaging adhesive layer capable of improving the output performance of the module, and the current level of the photovoltaic module can be improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of isotope batteries and discloses a preparation method of a transducer device and a preparation method of an isotope battery, the preparation method of the transducer device comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a to-be-fragile layer on the surface of a soluble substrate, the to-be-fragile layer comprising solvent atoms; s2, preparing a first solute layer on the surface of the layer to be fragile; s3, heating at least one of the soluble substrate, the to-be-fragile layer and the first solute layer; s4, a, etching is carried out on the surface of the fragile layer; and S5, a transducer device is prepared on the surface, with the preset shape, of the fragile layer. According to the preparation method of the transducer device, the technical problems of how to prepare the transducer device with effective thickness, realizing large-scale three-dimensional structure preparation on the surface of the transducer device and uniformly loading a radioactive source on the surface of the three-dimensional structure can be solved, the transducer device can be prepared on the fragile layer, and the radioactive source can be uniformly loaded on the surface of the three-dimensional structure by utilizing the pulverization property of the fragile layer. Therefore, a substrate-free energy conversion device can be obtained, and the effective radiation receiving area of the energy conversion device can be increased.