The invention discloses a method for measuring total alpha and total beta radioactivity in soil, comprising steps of preparing a sample source and measuring the sample source. The sample source preparation comprises steps of taking a proper amount of drying soil sample, breaking, sieving and heating until a constant weight is achieved, grinding the sample, further obtaining uniform power through further sieving, weighing proper amount of powder, adding waterless ethanol, evenly spreading and drying. The sample source measurement comprises steps of measuring radioactivity background, putting the sample source obtained from the step 1 into a low background alpha/beta measurement instrument and calculating the radioactivity of the total alpha and total beta in the soil through a formula. Compared with the prior art, the measurement method is fast and simple. In the meantime, the radioactivity of the total alpha and the total beta is different from the radioactivity total of the radionuclide and is the respective measurement result under the condition of pretending that the counting efficiency on the alpha particles or the beta particles by the instrument is identical, and the detection limit reaches alpha:400Bq/kg, Beta:200Bq/kg.