4086results about "Regenerative fuel cells" patented technology

The invention discloses an intelligent energy scheduling method and system for a flow battery, and relates to the technical field of flow batteries, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting energy operation parameters of the flow battery in real time, and dynamically estimating an electrolyte state to obtain multiple pieces of energy state information; a target to be dispatched is set, and a fuzzy control strategy is formulated through retrograde multi-target optimization; executing a fuzzy control strategy to generate a regulation and control signal set and scheduling; and finally, according to a scheduling result, performing reverse tracing to optimize a fuzzy control strategy, and updating a regulation signal set to obtain a multi-stage regulation instruction to perform intelligent scheduling on the energy of the flow battery. The method solves the technical problems of low matching degree between a scheduling strategy and an actual demand, large power loss and fast battery life attenuation caused by difficulty in accurately capturing an energy state in real time in a traditional flow battery scheduling method, and achieves the purposes of intelligent flow battery energy scheduling, power loss reduction, battery life prolonging and energy conservation. And the matching degree between the scheduling and the actual demand is improved.

The invention discloses a positive electrode material for a zinc-bromine flow battery and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of zinc-bromine flow batteries, the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving an active carbon source, adding the active carbon source into a graphene oxide aqueous dispersion, stirring, centrifuging, removing supernate, drying, mixing with an activating agent, and activating in an inert atmosphere; washing to be neutral, drying and sieving to obtain a graphene / activated carbon composite material; and attaching the graphene / activated carbon composite material to a carbon-plastic bipolar plate to obtain the positive electrode material for the zinc-bromine flow battery. A graphene / activated carbon composite system is combined with a high-conductivity network, graded holes and surface functional groups, so that the reaction kinetics bottleneck of a traditional carbon material Br2 is broken through.

The invention discloses a method for testing polarization and decoupling of a flow battery. The method aims to quantify and separate three phenomena of ohmic polarization, activation polarization and concentration polarization in the flow battery. Comprising the following steps: firstly, carrying out electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing under open-circuit voltage and different working currents respectively to obtain ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance, and carrying out integral calculation to obtain ohmic polarization and activated polarization; then, carrying out a step type constant current charging test to obtain a total polarization curve; and finally, subtracting the ohmic polarization and the activation polarization from the total polarization to obtain concentration polarization. The method is simple and convenient to operate and suitable for various types of flow batteries, a novel and effective solution is provided for polarization analysis of the flow batteries, an accurate test basis can be provided for optimization of battery design, and improvement of performance optimization and research level of the flow batteries is facilitated.

The invention provides a low-cost flow battery and an application thereof, a redox active substance of a positive electrode electrolyte of the low-cost flow battery contains a hydroxylamine cyclic structure group with hindered amine, and the hydroxylamine cyclic structure group with hindered amine is preferably selected from 1-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 7, 8-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5-tetramethyl-1, one or more of a 1-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrasubstituted piperidine group, a 1-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrasubstituted piperidine group, a 1-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrasubstituted piperidine group, and a 1-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetrasubstituted piperidinium group; a redox active substance of the negative electrode electrolyte contains one or more of a titanium element, a vanadium element, a chromium element, an iron element and a zinc element. The low-cost flow battery has the advantages of high output voltage, high energy density, environment friendliness and low cost, and has good application prospects and large-scale popularization potential in the field of energy storage.

The invention discloses preparation and application of a diatomic catalyst modified carbon felt electrode. The preparation method of the modified carbon felt electrode comprises the following steps: dissolving bismuth salt, cobalt salt and urea in water to obtain a complexing solution; immersing the carbon felt substrate subjected to acid activation into a complexing solution for soaking treatment, then taking out the carbon felt substrate, and drying to obtain a precursor-loaded carbon felt; and sequentially carrying out primary heating, cold shock and secondary heating treatment on the precursor-loaded carbon felt, and cooling to obtain the Bi-Co diatom modified carbon felt electrode. The carbon felt electrode can be applied to an all-vanadium redox flow battery. The innovation point of the invention lies in that through the synergistic effect of double atoms and the mutual cooperation of the nitrogen-doped carbon substrate, the intrinsic activity bottleneck of the traditional catalyst is broken through, the comprehensive advantages of high catalytic activity, excellent stability and low cost are achieved, and a new technical solution is provided for the high performance and large-scale application of the flow battery.

The invention discloses a composite electrode material for a zinc-bromine flow battery and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly stirring a copper salt, a zinc salt, a sodium salt and distilled water at room temperature, aging in air, and then filtering, washing and drying to obtain a zinc-copper composite salt; s2, adding a polymer into an organic solvent under a stirring condition, and stirring under a water bath condition to obtain a spinning solution; then adding zinc-copper composite salt, stirring and then carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a composite spinning solution; s3, preparing the composite spinning solution into a precursor nanofiber material by utilizing high-voltage electrostatic spinning; and S4, carrying out pre-oxidation and carbonization treatment on the precursor nanofiber material in an atmosphere furnace, and cleaning and drying the carbonized material to obtain the composite electrode material for the zinc-bromine flow battery. According to the invention, the problems of low surface activity of bromine electrode reaction on an electrode material, unstable electro-catalytic performance, bromine permeation and the like in the zinc-bromine flow battery can be solved.

The invention discloses a high-capacity positive electrode electrolyte for all-vanadium liquid flow batteries, wherein the electrolyte contains a solid energy storage material with a concentration of 0.02-1 g / mL, and the main component is a targeted redox solid energy storage material containing ammonia-rich iron / copper ferrocyanide, which reacts with a positive electrode redox medium VO in a supporting electrolyte containing ammonium ions. 2+ / VO2 + With similar equilibrium potential, reversible redox reaction can occur to continue the charge and discharge process. The high-capacity all-vanadium liquid flow battery positive electrode electrolyte disclosed in the present invention uses low-cost solid energy storage materials as the main energy storage medium, so when using a lower positive electrode redox medium VO 2+ / VO2 + High capacity and energy can be achieved at low concentrations, and pentavalent vanadium VO2 + The concentration can enhance the temperature adaptability of the all-vanadium liquid flow battery system while reducing the electrolyte cost.

Air flows across an air-liquid interface such that liquid desiccant flowing through the interface absorbs water from the air and is thereby diluted to form an output stream. The output stream is circulated through an electrodialytic stack having a central ionic exchange membrane and first and second outer ionic exchange membranes. A redox shuttle loop circulates around the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes. A voltage is applied across the electrodialytic stack, which regenerates the liquid desiccant.

The invention belongs to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow battery electrodes, and discloses a photocuring modified graphite felt for a vanadium battery and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that functional hyperbranched polyethylene containing silicon-oxygen bonds and double bonds is subjected to auxiliary stripping under the action of ultrasound, and graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are modified in situ at the same time; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a high-concentration carbon nanomaterial dispersion liquid, soaking a graphite felt in the carbon nanomaterial dispersion liquid, adding a photoinitiator, stirring and standing, initiating a double-bond reaction through ultraviolet light irradiation to prepare a cured graphite felt, and further calcining to obtain the modified graphite felt. The carbon nanomaterial is uniformly and firmly adsorbed on the fiber surface of the graphite felt, the conductivity of the graphite felt is increased, meanwhile, a cage type polysilsesquioxane group is introduced, the group contains rich silicon-oxygen bonds, and more reaction active sites are provided, so that the voltage efficiency and the energy efficiency of the all-vanadium redox flow battery are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of flow battery production, in particular to an adsorption tool with a runner electrode plate and a working method. The adsorption tool comprises a suction cup frame, and a suction cup is installed on the suction cup frame; the bottom of the suction cup is provided with a flat-plate-shaped working surface, and the working surface is provided with a plurality of negative pressure adsorption ports for adsorbing the electrode plates; and at least one compensation nozzle is arranged on the working surface and is aligned with a via hole of the electrode plate. The working method comprises the steps that a, the adsorption tool is moved to the position over the to-be-adsorbed electrode plate; b, the negative-pressure adsorption port keeps a negative-pressure adsorption state, and the bottom working face of the suction cup makes contact with the to-be-sucked electrode plate; c, the adsorption tool moves to a release station, d, the negative pressure adsorption opening removes the negative pressure, the adsorbed electrode plate is released, and meanwhile the compensation spray head is started. Through the arrangement, under the condition that a servo system and the release height of the electrode plate are not changed, pressure is compensated below the electrode plate, the falling speed of the electrode plate is slowed down, and the electrode plate is protected.

The invention discloses a flow battery system and a temperature control method thereof. A positive electrode heater and a positive electrode cooler which are used as a positive electrode temperature control assembly are arranged in a positive electrode electrolyte conveying and temperature management unit, and a negative electrode heater and a negative electrode cooler which are used as a negative electrode temperature control assembly are arranged in a negative electrode electrolyte conveying and temperature management unit. Closed-loop or open-loop management is carried out on the positive electrode temperature control assembly and the positive electrode in-pile or out-pile temperature or the temperature adjusting rate of the positive electrode in-pile or out-pile temperature, and closed-loop or open-loop management is carried out on the negative electrode temperature control assembly and the negative electrode in-pile or out-pile temperature or the temperature adjusting rate of the negative electrode in-pile or out-pile temperature, so that the temperature and the temperature change rate can be effectively controlled. Through the implementation of the invention, the system temperature management can be finer, the adaptability of the system under different conditions is improved, the battery performance and the system efficiency can be improved, the operation mode can be adjusted according to requirements in the operation process, and the application is more flexible; the system operation reliability can be enhanced, the system life is prolonged, and the system efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, in particular to a sulfonated polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The proton exchange membrane structurally comprises a polybenzimidazole polymer main chain and a sulfonic acid group, the free volume of the polybenzimidazole polymer is regulated and controlled by synthesizing raw materials with different structures, and the polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane is obtained by sulfonating the polybenzimidazole polymer. Aiming at the problems of cross permeation of vanadium ion electrolyte of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, capacity attenuation of the all-vanadium redox flow battery and low energy conversion efficiency, the preparation method comprises the following steps: constructing a polybenzimidazole polymer main chain by selecting raw materials with high rigidity and high free volume; the mechanical property of the polybenzimidazole membrane is improved while a rapid ion channel is constructed in the polymer membrane, and water molecules can be contained to limit swelling of a membrane material.

The invention relates to a bismuth-containing modified electrolyte, an all-vanadium redox flow battery and a preparation method and application of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, and belongs to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries. The bismuth-containing modified electrolyte comprises a vanadium electrolyte, bismuth salt is added into the vanadium electrolyte to serve as a catalyst, and a hydroxyl carboxylic acid complexing agent is added; the molar ratio of the bismuth salt to the hydroxycarboxylic acid complexing agent is (6-8): (0.6-0.8). According to the invention, the catalyst and the complexing agent are added into the electrolyte, the Bi elementary substance is deposited on the electrode through the charging process of the battery, the active sites of the electrode are increased, and the energy efficiency of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, the catalyst can improve the capacity retention ratio of the flow battery, greatly simplify the process steps and reduce the cost.

The invention discloses a flow battery composite electrode material and a preparation method thereof.The method comprises the steps that a carbon material is placed in a solution containing a nitrogen precursor for a hydrothermal reaction, the reacted carbon material is calcined, and a carbon nitride carbon nanotube catalyst growing on the carbon material in situ is obtained; the carbon nitride-carbon composite electrode is obtained; meanwhile, a solution containing a nitrogen precursor is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction to obtain ordered carbon nitride nanotube array powder with hollow channels, and a diaphragm is coated with the ordered carbon nitride nanotube array powder to obtain a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer of the carbon nitride nanotube array powder with different concentration gradients to serve as a membrane electrode. According to the electrode material, the proton and electron conductivity is improved, and the battery polarization is reduced, so that the operation current density and the energy efficiency of the battery are improved; and the active site number and the active area of the reaction performance of the catalytic battery are increased, and the reaction performance of the battery is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of flow batteries, in particular to a flow battery flow field uniformity detection device and a detection method, and the flow battery flow field uniformity detection device comprises a visual flow field assembly, a constant temperature water tank, a circulating pump, a pressure gauge, a thermal imager and a connecting pipeline. The visual flow field assembly, the constant-temperature water tank, the circulating pump and the pressure gauge are connected through connecting pipelines, the shooting range of the thermal imager covers the whole visual flow field area, and the temperature change of the flow field area along with time is recorded. According to the invention, the temperature change rate of the fluid at the outlet is controlled by adjusting the heating power of the water tank, and when the fluid passes through the flow channel of the electrode frame, a relatively large temperature gradient is ensured in the flow channel range of the whole visual flow field assembly. And calculating a temperature deviation value to evaluate the fluid uniformity according to the linear relationship between the temperature difference and the speed difference.

The invention provides a method for preparing VOSO4 electrolyte through gas enhanced reduction and reverse extraction, which comprises the following steps: adding an extraction inhibitor into an acidic vanadium-containing solution, stirring and reacting to obtain a vanadium-containing solution, the extraction inhibitor being phosphoric acid and / or a phosphoric acid compound; adjusting the pH value of the solution to 0.5-3.0 by using sulfuric acid, mixing with an organic phase, extracting, and separating liquid to obtain a vanadium-loaded organic phase; washing the vanadium-loaded organic phase with dilute sulfuric acid; a stripping agent and the vanadium-loaded organic phase are mixed for stripping, meanwhile, gas is introduced for strengthening the stripping process, and a no-load organic phase and a vanadium electrolyte are obtained; and the vanadium strip liquor is subjected to galvanic pile electrolysis adjustment, and the vanadium electrolyte with the valence state meeting the standard is obtained. The invention provides a novel process for directly preparing the vanadyl sulfate electrolyte through gas reinforced reduction, and the novel process has the advantages of being simple in process, easy to operate, low in cost and environmentally friendly.

The invention provides a real-time all-vanadium redox flow battery management system and a real-time all-vanadium redox flow battery management method based on a Linux system, and the real-time all-vanadium redox flow battery management system based on the Linux system comprises a battery management subsystem BMS, an energy storage converter PCS, an energy management subsystem EMS and an all-vanadium redox flow battery, the battery management subsystem BMS is used for monitoring, evaluating, protecting and balancing the all-vanadium redox flow battery; the energy storage converter PCS is used for controlling the charging and discharging processes of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, performing alternating current and direct current conversion and transmitting related information to the battery management subsystem BMS; and the energy management subsystem EMS is used for managing energy in the whole system, predicting the attenuation rate and the cycle life of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, and transmitting a prediction result to the battery management subsystem BMS through optical fiber communication. By means of the battery management subsystem, real-time monitoring is achieved, the operation capacity is high, and the real-time performance of the system is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of flow energy storage battery materials, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional conductive material, a preparation method thereof and application of the multi-dimensional conductive material in an all-vanadium flow battery. Graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are bonded together by adopting a biomass precursor, a carbon base of biomass is converted into graphitized carbon nanotubes through step-by-step pyrolysis, amorphous carbon in the graphite and the original carbon nanotubes is further graphitized, and finally the multi-dimensional conductive material with the carbon nanotubes inserted on a graphite matrix is formed. The multidimensional characteristic of the surface of the multidimensional conductive material is beneficial to formation of a longitudinal conductive path of the bipolar plate and reduction of vertical body resistance of the bipolar plate, and is also beneficial to wetting of epoxy resin among conductive particles and mechanical interlocking of molecular chains of the epoxy resin, so that the mechanical strength of the bipolar plate is improved, the use performance of the bipolar plate is effectively enhanced, and the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged. The requirement of long-time operation of the flow battery is met, the material cost of the flow battery is relatively reduced, the industrialization of the bipolar plate is powerfully promoted, and the application value is very good.

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The invention discloses a short-process preparation method and application of a vanadyl sulfate electrolyte based on vanadium slag valence regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of vanadium electrolytes. The method comprises the following steps: leaching the vanadium slag by using sulfuric acid to obtain a leaching solution containing low-valence vanadium; extracting vanadium and chromium in the leachate by adopting an amine organic extraction agent; carrying out reverse extraction by using sulfuric acid; the method comprises the following steps of: firstly, extracting and separating vanadium by using a phosphoric acid extracting agent, and finally, carrying out reverse extraction by using sulfuric acid to obtain the vanadium electrolyte which can be used for constructing a VFB-5kW / 10kWh vanadium battery energy storage system. The traditional established thinking that pentavalent vanadium is extracted through vanadium slag oxidation to serve as a vanadium source to prepare the vanadium electrolyte is broken through, the novel technology for extracting the low-valence vanadium solution from the vanadium slag to directly prepare the vanadium electrolyte is provided, the short-process and green novel technology for preparing the vanadium electrolyte from the vanadium slag is constructed, the efficiency of the vanadium electrolyte preparation technology is improved, and the preparation cost is reduced.

The invention provides a metal particle loaded self-supporting electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of battery electrodes, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, cutting beech into pieces with the thickness of 5-7mm along the vertical growth direction, and calcining to obtain carbonized wood pieces; s2, metal salt is dissolved in the functionalized aqueous solution, the concentration of the metal salt is 0.03-0.05 M, and a soaking solution is obtained; the functionalized aqueous solution comprises dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium pyrophosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and water; s3, taking the carbonized wood chip as a working electrode, immersing the carbonized wood chip into the soaking solution, carrying out electro-deposition on a metal precursor, and then cleaning and drying to obtain a metal-loaded wood chip; and S4, pyrolyzing the metal-loaded wood chip in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, then cooling to room temperature, cleaning and drying to obtain the metal-loaded wood chip. According to the invention, the transition metal particles and the carbonized wood chips are better compounded, and more reliable active sites are provided for bromine electrochemical reaction, so that the overall performance of the zinc-bromine battery is improved.

The present application discloses a liquid flow battery circulation recovery system and recovery method, which belongs to the field of liquid flow battery technology. The recovery system includes a positive electrode storage tank, which is filled with a positive electrode electrolyte. The positive electrode electrolyte contains reducing ions and active ions. The reducing ions can react with the active ions to reduce the valence of the active ions and produce a first oxidizing gas; a catalytic reaction device, which is filled with a catalyst, and the catalytic reaction device can receive the first oxidizing gas to oxidize and fix the catalyst; a negative electrode storage tank, which is filled with a negative electrode electrolyte. The negative electrode electrolyte undergoes a side reaction to produce a first reducing gas; the catalytic reaction device receives the first reducing gas, and the first reducing gas is used to reduce the oxidized catalyst, and the generated acidic gas can return to the negative electrode storage tank. The present application can maintain the valence balance of the positive and negative electrode solutions without adding a recovery agent to the positive electrode solution, avoids contamination of the electrolyte, and realizes long-life stable operation of the liquid flow battery.

The invention discloses a modification method of a carbon felt electrode in a zinc-bromine flow battery and the zinc-bromine flow battery. The modification method comprises the following steps: pretreating the carbon felt electrode; preparing a precursor solution; soaking the pretreated carbon felt electrode in the precursor solution; and calcining the soaked carbon felt electrode in a protective atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the modified carbon felt electrode. According to the application, the carbon felt electrode is used for modification treatment, so that various performances including electrochemical performance, bromine adsorption capacity and the like can be improved.

The invention provides a flow battery composite electrode, a preparation method thereof and a flow battery. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a pretreated carbonaceous substrate in a mixed solution of a surfactant, an electrolyte and a transition metal salt, growing a metal oxide nanosheet array on the surface of the pretreated carbonaceous substrate by using an electrochemical deposition process, washing, drying and roasting to obtain the flow battery composite electrode, wherein the feeding ratio of the surfactant to the transition metal salt is (1-2) g: (0.02-0.2) mol. The invention also provides the flow battery composite electrode prepared by the preparation method and a flow battery prepared from the electrode. According to the preparation method, the electrochemical reaction activity of the electrode in the all-vanadium redox flow battery can be optimized by regulating and controlling the chemical composition and the microstructure of the catalyst loaded on the surface of the carbon fiber.

The invention discloses a polybenzimidazole modified ion exchange membrane as well as preparation and application thereof. The polybenzimidazole modified ion exchange membrane comprises a polybenzimidazole-containing porous base membrane, the surface of the porous base membrane is grafted with a sulfonic acid modified layer, and the outer surface of the sulfonic acid modified layer is coated with an aluminum fluoride layer. The preparation method of the membrane comprises the following steps: immersing a polybenzimidazole-based membrane into an ammonium acetate aqueous solution for reaction, taking out the base membrane after the reaction, and drying to obtain a pretreated base membrane; immersing the pretreated base membrane into a sulfonic acid group grafting solution, heating for reaction, cleaning the base membrane after the reaction, and drying to obtain a sulfonic acid modified base membrane; and immersing the sulfonic acid modified base membrane into an ethanol solution of aluminum fluoride for reaction, taking out the membrane after the reaction, cleaning and drying to obtain the membrane. The membrane can be used for assembling a flow battery. According to the invention, the problem that a sulfonic acid modified layer is incompatible with metal fluoride is overcome, and a proper combination of a sulfonating agent and metal fluoride is screened, so that the high-performance ion exchange membrane which can be used for a flow battery is successfully obtained.

The invention provides a method for preparing an iron-chromium electrolyte and electronic-grade ferrous chloride by using a stainless steel waste liquid. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding elemental iron and / or elemental chromium into the stainless steel waste liquid to obtain a chromium-containing ferrous chloride solution; then, sulfide is added, and nickel is removed; adding iron powder to increase the pH value to obtain chromium hydroxide precipitate and a ferrous chloride solution; dissolving chromic hydroxide in hydrochloric acid to obtain a chromic chloride solution; purifying the ferrous chloride solution to obtain an electronic-grade ferrous chloride crystal; and finally, adding a chromium chloride solution, the electronic-grade ferrous chloride crystal and hydrochloric acid according to a certain proportion, and stirring and mixing to obtain the iron-chromium electrolyte. The ferrous chloride prepared by the steps is relatively high in purity and less in waste; meanwhile, the prepared electrolyte is good in electrical property, low in attenuation rate and low in cost, the purpose of comprehensive recycling of resources is achieved, and the general trend of technical improvement is met.

This invention discloses an iron-chromium redox flow battery system and a capacity recovery method including a rebalancing device, belonging to the field of flow battery technology. It includes an iron-chromium redox flow battery module, a rebalancing device, and an electrolyte readjustment module. The rebalancing device is used to electrolyze and reduce the ferric ions in the positive electrode electrolyte of the iron-chromium redox flow battery module to ferrous ions. The electrolyte readjustment module is used to correct the concentration of the reduced positive electrode electrolyte in the rebalancing device. The rebalancing device of this invention uses water electrolysis to reduce the Fe in the positive electrode electrolyte of the iron-chromium redox flow battery. 3+ Reduced to Fe 2+ This avoids the emission of electrolysis byproducts and cross-contamination of impurity ions across the membrane, making the entire rebalancing process clean and simple to operate. The electrolyte readjustment module optimizes the concentration and volume of the electrolyte after activity recovery, making it closer to the initial electrolyte composition and avoiding the problem of deteriorated flow battery performance caused by differences in electrolyte volume and concentration after capacity recovery.

The invention pertains to the control technology of microgrid energy storage systems, particularly to a hierarchical distributed control method and device for microgrid cluster with heterogeneous batteries. This method includes primary droop control, two-layer voltage regulation control, and two-layer power management control. The incremental cost of heterogeneous batteries is physically defined as the partial derivative of energy loss with respect to output power. A cooperative control method for the incremental cost of multiple heterogeneous battery units is proposed, which can achieve economic power distribution among multiple heterogeneous battery units while meeting the constraints of charging / discharging power, SoC, and power balance. This invention's method integrates battery types where charging efficiency is tied to charging power with those where charging efficiency is connected to SoC, ensuring ease of expansion. Even with the introduction of a new battery type in the microgrid cluster, the method continues to be effective.

The invention provides an asymmetric modified silicon dioxide particle doped sulfonated polyether ether ketone membrane and a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) under a heating condition, mixing surface hydroxylated silicon dioxide particles and paraffin, adding a first solvent, stirring, and cooling to obtain paraffin emulsion droplets; (2) mixing the paraffin emulsion droplets obtained in the step (1) with a sulfydryl-containing silane coupling agent, and reacting to obtain a mixture; and mixing the mixture with a hydrogen peroxide solution, and carrying out oxidation reaction to obtain the asymmetrically modified silicon dioxide particles, and (3) mixing the asymmetrically modified silicon dioxide particles and sulfonated polyetheretherketone, and drying to obtain the asymmetrically modified silicon dioxide particle doped sulfonated polyetheretherketone membrane. The asymmetric modified silicon dioxide particle doped sulfonated polyether ether ketone membrane provided by the invention is low in swelling property, relatively high in proton conductivity and relatively good in ion selectivity, and the performance of a flow battery can be improved when the membrane is used for the flow battery.

The invention discloses a zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring and mixing a solvent, deionized water and a cosolvent, adding an electrolyte, stirring until the electrolyte is completely dissolved, then adding a supporting electrolyte and a negative electrode additive, stirring until the supporting electrolyte and the negative electrode additive are completely dissolved, and obtaining the zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte. The multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte of the zinc-bromine flow battery is obtained; the negative electrode cosolvent is dimethylformamide; and the negative electrode additive is at least one of saponin and cinnamyl aldehyde. Saponin molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc electrode, and electronegative carboxyl groups of the saponin molecules form an electrostatic repulsion net in an electric double layer, so that zinc ions are forced to be uniformly dispersed, local ion concentration hot spots are eliminated, and dendritic crystal nucleation is inhibited from the source. In cinnamyl aldehyde, the strong electronegativity of oxygen atoms and the electronegativity of aldehyde oxygen are far higher than those of hydrogen, so that electrons are strongly attracted, adjacent carbon atoms are positively charged, polar adsorption sites are formed, the hydrogen evolution reaction is effectively inhibited, and the stability and the cycle life of the battery are greatly improved.