297results about "Hydrogen separation by diffusion" patented technology

A fuel reforming system for a vehicle on which a reciprocating engine is mounted is provided can comprise a decomposer to decompose hydrocarbon fuel into carbon and hydrogen gas by using heat and a pressure of combustion gas and a catalyst and to hold carbon. The decomposer can communicate with a combustion chamber via an openable / closable third port. A reforming space in which a reforming member including the catalyst is installed can be on the side of a connection portion of the decomposer with the third port. On an opposite side of interior of the connection portion of the decomposer with the third port, an additional space is provided to accommodate residual gas that remains in the third port and the decomposer when combustion gas is introduced into the decomposer through the third port.

A process to purify helium from a feed gas stream containing a mixture of at least nitrogen, methane and helium including introducing the feed gas stream into a first helium membrane separation unit, thereby producing a first helium membrane permeate and a first helium membrane residue; introducing at least part of the first residue into a first nitrogen membrane separation unit thereby producing a first nitrogen membrane permeate stream; introducing a stream derived from the first helium membrane permeate into a hydrogen PSA unit thereby producing a helium rich product stream. Wherein a stream derived from the first nitrogen membrane permeate stream exits the system as a fuel gas product stream. Wherein the feed gas stream has a higher heating value, and wherein the first nitrogen membrane permeate stream has a higher heating value at least 5% higher than the higher heating value of the feed gas.

Disclosed are multi-cartridge hollow fiber membrane apparatuses and methods for gas separation using them. Each external pressure type membrane apparatus contains one or more series of cartridges wherein the cartridges within each series are arranged sequentially. The retentate gas generated by each preceding cartridge in the series is used as a feed gas to the next cartridge in the series, and the permeate gas generated by a cartridge following the first cartridge in the series is used as a sweep gas on the permeate side of the preceding cartridge. The multicomponent gas mixture is separated into one or more products by the method of the invention with improved product recovery and / or product purity.

The present invention discloses a method for selecting a target palladium membrane, a method for performing a hydrogen-related reaction, and a method and system for determining permeation and diffusion rates. The selection method includes the steps of determining the target lattice parameters and target metal composition and their proportions of the target palladium membrane from the target permeation and diffusion rate of hydrogen gas through the target palladium membrane, the target thickness of the target palladium membrane, and the correspondence between the target permeation and diffusion rate of hydrogen gas through a sample palladium membrane and a specific parameter set of the sample palladium membrane, and selecting a palladium membrane having the target lattice parameters, the target metal composition and its proportions, and the target thickness as the target palladium membrane. The present invention allows for efficient and convenient selection of an appropriate palladium membrane that satisfies the target hydrogen gas permeation and diffusion rate of a hydrogen-related reaction, conveniently measuring the hydrogen gas permeation and diffusion rate of the palladium membrane, and accurately controlling the progress of the hydrogen-related reaction.

Compositions and methods for the catalysis of methane pyrolysis. Compositions include a catalyst system that includes a medium entropy alloy particle and a support. Methods include catalyzing the pyrolysis of methane using the catalyst system.

The application discloses a method suitable for hydrogen production in situ in an oil reservoir underground, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development. The method comprises the following steps: arranging three horizontal wells, i.e., upper, middle and lower horizontal wells, and a temperature detection well in the same reservoir, the temperature detection well is used for detecting the temperature of the middle horizontal well, and a hydrogen gas filter membrane is arranged at the upper horizontal well; a heating device is arranged at the middle horizontal well, a close cutting volume fracturing is carried out around the well, and a reaction zone is formed by filling a catalyst and a heat-conducting agent; in-situ ignition is carried out at the lower horizontal well, and an oxygen-containing gas is injected, so that the oxygen-containing gas is incompletely combusted to generate CO and CO2 and form a gasification zone; a heating device is used for heating to above 450 DEG C, when the gas in the gasification zone enters the reaction zone, water vapor is injected to carry out high-efficiency hydrogen production; and the upper horizontal well is opened, and the hydrogen gas filter membrane is used for extracting hydrogen gas. The hydrogen production block is separated, the underground hydrogen production efficiency is greatly improved, the energy utilization rate is improved, and therefore the method has good application value.

A method of catalytic ammonia decomposition is provided. The method includes: flowing ammonia into a reactor charged with a medium entropy metal alloy (MEA) catalyst including a first principal metal, a second principal metal, and a third principal metal, where each of the principal metals is independently selected without repetition from the group consisting of Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Al, Cu, Zn, Ti, Zr, Mo, V, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Ce, Y, Yb, Sn, Ga, In, and Be; and catalytically decomposing the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen over the MEA catalyst in the reactor at a reaction temperature between 200° C. and 900° C.

An autothermal ammonia reactor includes a chamber, a hydrogen-separation membrane within the chamber, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. The chamber receives ammonia and air. The chamber including a combustion zone, a catalytic zone, and a hydrogen zone. The catalytic zone is in thermal communication with the combustion zone. The chamber directs the air and a portion of the ammonia from the fluid inlet to the combustion zone to allow the air and ammonia to exothermically react to generate thermal energy. The chamber directs another portion of the ammonia into the catalytic zone to decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen as the ammonia is exposed to the thermal energy from the combustion zone and contacts the catalyst. The chamber directs the hydrogen from the catalytic zone, through a surface of the hydrogen-separation membrane, to the hydrogen zone to allow the hydrogen to exit the chamber through the fluid outlet.

A process includes feeding atmospheric air to an air separation unit to produce a flow of nitrogen and a flow of oxygen; combining the oxygen with a hydrocarbon flow and water in an auto-thermal reformer to produce a retentate stream to a membrane water gas shift reactor (M-WGSR); generating, from the retentate stream to the M-WGSR, a permeate stream from the M-WGSR that includes a first flow of carbon dioxide and a first combined flow of hydrogen and nitrogen; feeding a retentate stream to a membrane steam methane reformer (M-SMR) to produce a permeate stream from the M-SMR that includes a second flow of carbon dioxide and a second combined flow of hydrogen and nitrogen; feeding the first and second combined flows to an ammonia synthesis unit to produce ammonia; and feeding the first and second flows of carbon dioxide and the ammonia to a urea synthesis unit to produce a flow of urea by fully utilizing the carbon dioxide.

The invention discloses a gas turbine combined cycle cooling, heating, power and hydrogen combined supply system coupling high-temperature heat storage and phase change cold storage and an operation control method thereof, the system is composed of a power plant inner side subsystem and an outer side subsystem, the power plant inner side subsystem comprises a gas turbine combined cycle unit, a high-temperature heat storage unit and a steam collector, the split-flow heat storage of high-temperature exhaust smoke heat and the flexible allocation of high-temperature steam are realized; the system comprises a hydrogen production unit and a heat and cold supply pipe network, and is combined with a steam turbine, an absorption refrigeration device, a mechanical refrigeration device and a phase change cold storage device, so that efficient supply and gradient utilization in a multi-energy form are realized. The operation control method provided by the invention comprises the steps of parameter acquisition and demand prediction, steam distribution regulation and control, heat storage and heat release management, hydrogen production load regulation and waste heat coupling utilization, cold and heat energy regulation, cold storage balance and the like, and is assisted by layered optimization control of an energy management platform; and multi-energy cooperative supply and flexible peak regulation of electric power, heat energy, cold energy and hydrogen energy can be achieved.

A target palladium membrane selection method, a hydrogen-related reaction execution method, and an osmosis diffusion rate determination method and system are provided. The selection method includes determining target lattice parameters of the target palladium membrane, and target metal components and proportions thereof according to a target osmosis diffusion rate of hydrogen gas passing through a target palladium membrane, a target thickness of the target palladium membrane, and a corresponding relationship between the permeation diffusion rate of hydrogen gas passing through a sample palladium membrane and a specific parameter group of the sample palladium membrane; and selecting as a target palladium membrane a palladium membrane having the target lattice parameters, the target metal components and proportions thereof, and the target thickness.

Method and system for electrochemically compressing hydrogen. In one embodiment, the system includes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), an anode, and a cathode. First and second gas diffusion media are positioned adjacent the cathode and anode, respectively. A humidifying membrane is positioned next to the second gas diffusion medium on a side opposite the anode. A water supply is connected to the humidifying membrane, and a hydrogen gas supply is connected to the second gas diffusion medium. A hydrogen gas collector including a back pressure regulator is connected to the first gas diffusion medium. Separators, positioned on opposite sides of the MEA, are connected to a power source. In use, hydrogen is electrochemically pumped across the MEA and collected in the hydrogen gas collector. The PEM is kept properly humidified by the humidifying membrane, which releases water into the second gas diffusion medium.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing sponge iron from iron ore, comprising the steps of: - charging iron ore into a direct reduction shaft (211), - introducing a hydrogen-rich reducing gas (215) into the direct reduction shaft to reduce the iron ore and produce sponge iron (209), - removing a top gas (216) from the direct reduction shaft, - splitting the top gas into a recycle stream (218) and an extract stream (256), - processing the extract stream through a separation unit (257) to provide a hydrogen-rich off-stream (258) and an inerts-rich off-stream (259), - introducing the recycle stream and the hydrogen-rich off-stream into the direct reduction shaft as constituent parts of the hydrogen-rich reducing gas. The present disclosure further relates to a system for producing sponge iron.

The application provides a two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite membrane and a preparation method and application thereof in gas separation, and belongs to the technical field of two-dimensional nanosheet membrane preparation and gas separation, and the preparation method of the two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite membrane comprises the following steps: ball-milling stripping to obtain a two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite nanosheet solution; and placing a porous substrate into the two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite nanosheet solution to perform electrophoretic deposition. The application provides a mild method for preparing two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite nanosheets by ball-milling stripping, and the two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite membrane is prepared from the two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite nanosheets, which is simple, efficient, low in cost, and a two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite membrane with a thickness of 200-800 nm can be grown on the porous substrate in 5-50 minutes, and the two-dimensional RUB-18 zeolite membrane can be successfully used for gas separation, and the permeability and selectivity can be considered.

The invention provides a method for recovering tail gas generated in production of carbon nanotubes. The method comprises the following steps: compression: introducing tail gas containing methane and hydrogen into a compressor for pressurization; first-stage separation: the pressurized tail gas is introduced into a first-stage membrane separator for separation, methane and first-stage tail gas are obtained, and the main component of the first-stage tail gas is hydrogen; and second-stage separation: introducing the first-stage tail gas into a second-stage membrane separator for separation to obtain hydrogen and second-stage tail gas containing hydrogen. Through two-stage membrane separation, methane and hydrogen are recovered, the methane separated in the first stage can return to the continuous furnace to be continuously used as a raw material for producing carbon nanotubes, and the hydrogen separated in the second stage can be used for producing trichlorosilane, so that the recovery and utilization of resources can be realized.

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. Lambda sensor modifications and other control parameters that provide closed-loop mixture control at extremely fuel-rich operating conditions utilizing feed-forward and feedback approaches, physics-based engine models, novel use of a lambda sensor (02-based sensor), sensors with intermittent contact with the gas stream. In an embodiment the system and method use air-breathing engines having control systems, control parameters, sensors and input / output (I / O) for the fuel rich (ER of 1.2 and greater), partial oxidation of the flare gas to form syngas. In embodiments the syngas is further converted into an end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

A method of separating hydrogen from a gas comprising helium includes receiving an input gas stream comprising hydrogen and helium and forwarding the input gas stream to at least one first membrane module comprising at least one first hydrogen-selective membrane for performing a first separation process for separating hydrogen, forwarding a first retentate from the at least one first membrane module to at least one second membrane module comprising at least one second hydrogen-selective membrane for performing a second separation process for separating hydrogen in the first retentate, providing a hydrogen stream comprising the first permeate and the second permeate from the at least one second membrane module and providing a helium stream comprising the second retentate from the at least one second membrane module. The disclosure includes a related method of extracting hydrogen and helium from a gas source and a related membrane module system.

Methods for the operation of membrane reactors (MRs) are disclosed for the efficient production of hydrogen-enriched fuel blends with tunable composition and high hydrogen recovery at both elevated and isobaric pressure operation. These methods enable use of greatly reduced operating temperatures relative to packed bed reactors (PBRs) and elimination of the need for a secondary separation unit operation. These methods provide greater productivity and hydrogen recovery while relaxing membrane selectivity constraints relative to conventional MR operation.

This invention provides a high-throughput MOF membrane material, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of gas separation. The method involves introducing water and triethylamine to achieve simple preparation of Co-MOF two-dimensional nanosheets at room temperature. These nanosheets are then deposited onto a substrate surface using vacuum filtration, followed by a coupled "seed etching-secondary growth" process to prepare the MOF crystalline membrane. The preparation method provided by this invention is simple, reliable, and environmentally friendly, and the prepared MOF membrane exhibits excellent gas separation performance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of gas separation membranes, and relates to a mixed matrix membrane based on a preformed covalent organic framework network, and a preparation method and application thereof. The mixed matrix membrane comprises a COF network, a polyimide polymer and a self-supported flexible substrate, and the mixed matrix membrane is MATT-COFTD-x; the polymer is polyimide Matrimid5218, and the 3D interconnection COF network is a COFTD (Chip On Fiber Transfer Device) network; the COF network is prepared by reacting an aldehyde monomer and an amino monomer on the surface of the SiO2 / Si substrate through a liquid-solid interfacial polymerization method. According to the prepared mixed matrix membrane, filler agglomeration is eliminated, a continuous 3D interconnected COF network is provided, ultra-fast gas transmission is allowed, high permeability and high selectivity are achieved, and meanwhile stable high performance is still kept under the conditions of high pressure, different H2 / CH4 mixing ratios and the like.

An apparatus includes a porous substrate and a multi-layer membrane. The porous substrate has a pore structure configured to allow diffusion of hydrogen molecules through the porous substrate. The multi-layer membrane is configured to, in response to contacting a hydrogen molecule present in the gas stream, split the hydrogen molecule into at least one of hydrogen atoms or protons. The multi-layer membrane is configured to allow passage of the hydrogen atoms or protons through the multi-layer membrane while blocking passage of compounds that may be present in the gas stream that are larger than hydrogen molecules. The hydrogen atoms or protons, after passing through the multi-layer membrane, combine to reform the hydrogen molecule. The multi-layer membrane includes a first metallic layer, an intermediate layer, and a second metallic layer.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a production apparatus for high purity hydrogen, the production apparatus including: a decomposition reaction unit configured to decompose ammonia through ammonia decomposition reaction and discharge reaction products including hydrogen and nitrogen produced from the ammonia decomposition reaction and non-reacting ammonia; an adsorption refinement unit configured to discharge intermediate refined products by separating or removing ammonia from the reaction products; and a hydrogen separation membrane configured to discharge a high-purity hydrogen product by refining high-purity hydrogen by separating and filtering the intermediate refined products.

An apparatus and process for oxidant formation can be configured to facilitate improved mixing of for formation of an oxidant. Embodiments can be configured so conduits having a relatively large aspect ratio (e.g., 1.5 to 5 or 1.5 to over 5) can be utilized for improved gas mixing even in situations in which the carrier gas is at a relatively low pressure. Embodiments can also facilitate low nitrogen oxide formation combustion. Some embodiments can additionally provide improved carbon capture.

This invention relates to a high-purity hydrogen generator, which includes a hydrogen production module, a palladium membrane purification module, a vacuum pump, a six-way valve, and a three-way valve. This hydrogen generator uses the temperature control component of the palladium membrane purification module for automated system control. It not only has advantages such as simple device structure and portability, but also eliminates the need for additional control software while achieving automated one-button start-up.

A method can include performing a series of reactions in a closed cycle, the series of reactions consisting of a hydrolysis reaction where a redox reagent is oxidized to a corresponding oxidized redox reagent with water contemporaneously with the production of hydrogen; and a reduction reaction where the oxidized redox reagent is reduced to the redox reagent using a sulfurous reactant contemporaneously with production of sulfur dioxide.

A process for providing a carbon monoxide-containing stream involves a separation of synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream containing carbon monoxide to an extent of 85% by volume or more. The separation is effected in an arrangement composed of three membrane separation stages. Prior to the performance of the membrane separation, the synthesis gas is pretreated for removal of secondary components present in the synthesis gas.

The invention provides an efficient in-situ conversion synergistic hydrogen production method for shale oil with medium and low maturity, and belongs to the technical field of shale oil application. An upper-middle-lower three-well layout system is established, a hydrogen separation membrane layer is welded to a hydrogen production well, electric heating is matched with a conductive proppant to form an artificial fracture network, and a temperature field prediction model is adopted to dynamically regulate and control the heating power based on an artificial intelligence algorithm to maintain the optimal temperature; and an air slug and a steam slug are circularly injected to realize oxidation heat supply to promote organic matter cracking and gasification reaction with coke and other byproducts to produce hydrogen, an injection strategy is adjusted according to the ratio of the oxygen consumption rate to the coke gasification rate, and underground hydrogen separation is realized by virtue of a gravity differentiation effect and a hydrogen separation membrane. The method effectively solves the problem of low conversion rate in the in-situ conversion of the shale oil with medium and low maturity, and realizes clean and efficient underground hydrogen production.

The hydrogen separation filter includes a porous substrate and a super lattice layer on the porous substrate. The super lattice layer includes at least one lattice expansion layer containing a first material and at least two hydrogen dissociation and permeation layers containing a second material selected from the group consisting of Pd, V, Ta, Ti, Nb, and alloys thereof. The at least one lattice expansion layer and the at least two hydrogen dissociation and permeation layers are alternately stacked. The first material and the second material have a same crystalline structure. A lattice constant a1,bulk of a first bulk material haying a same composition and a same crystalline structure as the first material and a lattice constant a2,bulk of a second bulk material having a same composition and a same crystalline structure as the second material satisfy Formula (1):1.03a2,bulk≤a1,bulk≤1.15a2,bulk  (1).

The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing a biomass one-step method and application, and belongs to the field of hydrogen preparation. The invention provides a novel technical route for preparing green hydrogen from biomass biogas by a one-step method, raw material biogas is desulfurized and compressed and then sequentially passes through a dry-wet dual-reforming integrated reactor, a carbon monoxide conversion reactor and a hydrogen purification device to generate hydrogen meeting fuel cell standards, and the hydrogen can be used by a hydrogen refueling station. According to the method, efficient disposal and resource utilization of the biogas are facilitated, increasingly severe energy pressure and environment pressure can be relieved, urban organic waste can be utilized to produce green hydrogen nearby to be used for a hydrogen refueling station, and the problem of long-distance conveying of the green hydrogen is solved.

Disclosed is a method of dehydrogenation of hydrogen-containing compounds in a reactor comprising a catalytic chamber, an electrochemical chamber, and an H-conductive membrane, comprising dehydrogenating the hydrogen-containing compound to produce hydrogen atom equivalents and oxidizing the hydrogen atom equivalents on the anodic H-conductive membrane. The reaction between the protons and a molten electrolyte in the electrochemical chamber generates water, which is decomposed on a counter electrode producing hydrogen. The hydrogen can be used in hydrogenation reactions. Also disclosed is a method of reducing a substrate, for example, a substrate dissolved or dispersed in the molten electrolyte.