463 results about "Half-cell" patented technology

A vanadium redox cell having a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H₂SO₄, HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more ions selected from the group vanadium (EI), Vanadium (IV), Vanadium (V), Br₃ and Br₂Cl; a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H₂SO₄, HBr and HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more vanadium ions selected from the group Vanadium (II), Vanadium (III) and Vanadium (FV) and a perfluorinated cast cation exchange membrane or separator disposed between the positive and negative half cells and in contact with the positive and negative half cell solutions.

A redox flow cell is presented that utilizes a porous membrane separating a first half cell and a second half cell. The porous membrane is chosen to have a figure of merit (FOM) is at least a minimum FOM. A method of providing a porous membrane for a flow cell can include determining a figure of merit; determining a first parameter from a pore size or a thickness for the porous membrane; determining a second parameter from the pore size or the thickness that is not the first parameter for the porous membrane, based on the figure of merit; and constructing a porous membrane having the pore size and the thickness.

Embodiments of the invention generally provide for flow battery cells and systems containing a plurality of flow battery cells, and methods for improving metal plating within the flow battery cell, such as by flowing and exposing the catholyte to various types of cathodes. In one embodiment, a flow battery cell is provided which includes a cathodic half cell and an anodic half cell separated by an electrolyte membrane, wherein the cathodic half cell contains a plurality of cathodic wires extending perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to and within the catholyte pathway and in contact with the catholyte, and each of the cathodic wires extends parallel or substantially parallel to each other. In some examples, the plurality of cathodic wires may have at least two arrays of cathodic wires, each array contains at least one row of cathodic wires, and each row extends along the catholyte pathway.

A prior to charge vanadium halide redox cell, a vanadium halide redox cell which is at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a zero state of charge and a near zero state of charge and vanadium halide redox cell which are fully charged and partially charged are described. The prior to charge vanadium halide redox cell comprises a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, vanadium (III) halide and vanadium (IV) halide, a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, vanadium (III) halide and vanadium (N) halide wherein the amounts of vanadium (III) halide, vanadium (IV) halide and halide ions in the positive and negative half cell solutions are such that in a first charging step comprising charging the prior to charge vanadium halide redox cell, a vanadium halide redox cell having a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a zero state of charge and a near zero state of charge comprising predominantly vanadium (N) halide in the positive half cell solution and predominantly V(III) halide in the negative half cell solution can be prepared. The vanadium halide redox cell which is at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a zero state of charge and a near zero state of charge comprises a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte and a vanadium halide which is predominantly vanadium (N) halide, a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte and a vanadium halide which is predominantly vanadium (III) halide wherein the amount of vanadium (N) halide in the positive half cell solution and the amount of vanadium (III) halide in the negative half cell solution are such that the vanadium halide redox cell is at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a zero state of charge and a near zero state of charge. The vanadium halide redox cell which is fully charged comprises a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, vanadium (IV) halide and vanadium (V) halide, a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte and vanadium (II) halide wherein the molar concentration of vanadium (V) and polyhalide complex:molar concentration of vanadium (II) halide is about stoichiometrically balanced. The vanadium halide redox cell which is partially charged comprises a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, vanadium (IV) halide and vanadium (V) halide, a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, vanadium (II) halide and vanadium (III) halide wherein the number of moles of moles of polyhalide complex and vanadium (V): number of moles of vanadium (II) halide is about stoichiometrically balanced.

The invention relates to a redox flow cell containing a polyhalide/halide redox couple in the positive half-cell electrolyte and a V(III)/V(II) redox couple in the negative half-cell electrolyte. The invention also relates to a method of producing electricity by discharging the fully charged or partially charged redox flow cell, and a method of charging the discharged or partially discharged redox flow cell.

A PEM water electrolyser module comprising a plurality of structural plates each having a sidewall extending between opposite end faces with a half cell chamber opening, at least one oxygen degassing chamber opening, and at least one hydrogen gas collection manifold opening, extending through the structural plate between opposite end faces. The structural plates are arranged in face to face juxtaposition between opposite end plates.

An electrolyser module comprising a plurality of structural plates each having a sidewall extending between opposite end faces with a half cell chamber opening and at least two degassing chamber openings extending through the structural plate between the opposite end faces.

The invention provides a quantitative estimation method of a lithium ion power battery internal short-circuit degree, and the quantitative estimation method belongs to the technical field of batteries. The invention provides the estimation method based on a battery electrochemical model, which identifies model parameters by adopting an optimization method, and through establishing an internal short-circuit equivalent circuit model and utilizing variations of half-cell voltage along with the state of charge (SOC) and a discharge voltage curve of an internal short-circuit battery, thereby acquiring an estimated value of internal short-circuit resistance. The quantitative estimation method has good repeatability, high adaptability, can be used for evaluating the internal short-circuit degree of the battery with triggered internal short-circuit, and can complete the estimation of magnitude of the internal short-circuit resistance in different battery operating states. The quantitative estimation method provides valid internal short-circuit evaluation data for an internal short-circuit early detection algorithm, and has important practical significance.

A device with in situ anode and cathode microneedles is used, either with or without any cosmetic, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation. The in situ anode and cathode microneedles form battery cells or half-cells when placed in contact with an electrolyte found in bodily interface tissue, to produce an electromotive force without any additional chemical battery or power source. The microneedles may be composed of, or may carry (e.g., be coated with) electrical potential material(s) that has or have an electrical potential relative to an electrolyte in the bodily interface material. A first number of microneedles may, for instance, include a first electrical potential material having a first electrical potential. A second number of microneedles may, for instance, include a second electrical potential material having a second electrical potential. The first number of microneedles may thus serve as an anode, while the second number of microneedles may thus serve as a cathode. Alternatively, a number of microneedles may, for instance, include both a first electrical potential material and a second electrical potential material, having a first electrical potential and a second electrical potential, respectively. Respective portions of each of the microneedles may thus serve as an anode and a cathode. Again, such may be accomplished without any other or additional electrochemical battery.

This invention provides a membrane-mediated electropolishing apparatus for polishing and/or planarizing metal work-pieces. The work-piece is wetted with a low-conductivity fluid. The wetted work-piece is contacted with a first side of a charge-selective ion-conducting membrane, wherein the second side contacts a conductive electrolyte solution in electrical contact with a electrode. Current flow between the electrode and the work-piece electropolishes metal from the work-piece. This invention also provides a half-cell adapted for use in membrane-mediated electropolishing having a fully or partially enclosed volume, a conductive electrolyte which partially or essentially fills the enclosed volume, an electrode which is in contact with the electrolyte, and a charge-selective ion-conducting membrane which seals one surface of the enclosed volume, cavity or vessel in such a way that the internal surface of said membrane contacts the electrolyte solution or gel and the external surface is accessible to contact the work-piece.

Methods are disclosed for modeling changes in capacity and the state of charge vs. open circuit voltage (SOC-OCV) curve for a battery cell as it ages. During battery pack charging, voltage and current data are gathered for a battery cell. In one method, using multiple data points taken during the plug-in charge event, data optimization is used to determine values for two parameters which define a scaling and a shifting of the SOC-OCV curve from its original shape at the cell's beginning of life to its shape in the cell's current condition. In a second method, only initial and final voltages and current throughput data are needed to determine the values of the two parameters. With the scaling and shifting parameters calculated, the cell's updated capacity and updated SOC-OCV curve can be determined. The methods can also be applied to data taken during a discharge event.

Method for preparing the disclosed fuel cell includes steps: (1) using porous stainless steel as supportor; depositing porous anodal thin film, compact solid electrolyte film, and reaction barrier layer in sequence on the supportor to be as half cell; carrying out sintering under reducing atmosphere or inert atmosphere; (2) cooling after sintering, depositing active layer of cathode and contact layer of cathode on solid electrolyte film right along; carrying out sintering under air atmosphere so as to obtain cell; (3) dipping reforming catalyst for supportor of porous stainless steel so as to obtain fuel cell. Through the supportor, various fuel gases reformed to anodic gas rich in hydrogen enters into anode to carry out electrochemical reaction.

Multilayer structures with alternating graphene and Si thin films were constructed by a repeated process of filtering liquid-phase exfoliated grapheme film and subsequent coating of amorphous Si film using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The multilayer-structure composite films, fabricated on copper current collectors, can be directly used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without the addition of polymer binders or conductive additives. Fabricated coin-type half cells based on the new anode materials easily achieved a capacity almost four times higher than the theoretical value of graphite even after 30 cycles. These cells also demonstrated improved capacity retention and enhanced rate capability during charge/discharge processes compared to those of pure Si film-based anodes.

The invention relates to an electrode used for vanadium redox flow battery, a preparation of electrolyte and a rebalance method. The preparation comprises thermally sticking a carbon felt or agraphite felt to at least one side of a carbon-filled polyolefine substrate. A flat, low-resistance electrode having good mechanical property can be obtained by the preparation. The preparation includes dissolving at least one vanadium oxide powder to a supporting electrolyte and optional electrolysis steps. The preparation needs no toxic SO2 gas, by separating the power dissolving stage and the electrolysis stage, problems related to suspension powder electrolysis are eliminated. The rebalance method comprises partially reducing a half-cell electrolyte in the cathode chamber of an electrolytic cell.

The invention discloses a metal support half-cell of a solid oxide fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The half-cell comprises a porous metal supporting layer thick membrane, a porous cermet gradient transition layer film, a porous anode layer and a compact electrolyte layer film from down to up. The porous gradient transition layer composed of a mixed oxide and a oxide with a fluorite structuring can avoid the direct contact of the porous metal supporting layer and the porous anode layer, and the mutual diffusion of Fe/Cr elements in the metal supporting layer and Ni element in the porous anode layer can be reduced under high temperature sintering condition. The mixed oxide is reduced to an alloy under the work condition of the cell; a high anode active material is formed at a side interface of the anode, a high conductivity composite material which takes the alloy as a main phase is formed on the side interface of a metal support body, so that higher conductivity is presented, ohmic resistance is reduced, electrocatalytic activity is not reduced, long-term stability for operation of the cell can be ensured, and good combination of the porous metal supporting layer and the porous anode layer can be simultaneously realized.

An improved electrolyte battery is provided that includes a tank assembly adapted to hold an amount of an anolyte and a catholyte, a number of cell stacks operably connected to the tank assembly, each stack formed of a number of flow frames disposed between end caps and a number of power converters operatively connected to the cell stacks. The cell stacks are formed with a number of flow frames each including individual inlets and outlets for anolyte and catholyte fluids and a separator disposed between flow frames defining anodic and cathodic half cells between each pair of flow frames. The power converter is configured to connect the battery with either forward or reverse polarity to a DC power source, such as a DC bus. The anodic and cathodic half cells switch as a function of the polarity by which the battery is connected to the Dc power source.

The present invention describes a vanadium halide redox cell prior to charging, a vanadium halide redox cell in a state of charge selected from the group below, and fully charged or partially charged vanadium halide redox cells, wherein the group Consists of zero state of charge and near zero state of charge. A vanadium halide redox cell prior to charging includes a positive half-cell having a positive half-cell solution including a halide electrolyte, a vanadium(III) halide, and a vanadium(IV) halide, and a negative half-cell having a A negative half-cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, a vanadium(III) halide and a vanadium(IV) halide, wherein the amounts of the vanadium(III) halide, vanadium(IV) halide and halide ions in the positive and negative half-cell solutions are set to such that in the first charging step comprising charging the vanadium halide redox cell prior to charging, it is possible to prepare a vanadium halide redox cell having a state of charge selected from the group consisting of zero state of charge and With a near-zero state-of-charge composition, the vanadium halide redox cell mainly includes vanadium(IV) halide in the positive half-cell solution and V(III) halide in the negative half-cell solution. A vanadium halide redox cell at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a positive half-cell and a negative half-cell consisting of zero and near-zero states of charge, the positive half-cell having a halide electrolyte comprising: and a positive half-cell solution of a vanadium halide mainly vanadium(IV) halide, a negative half-cell having a negative half-cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte and a vanadium halide mainly of a vanadium(III) halide, wherein the positive half-cell solution The amount of vanadium(IV) halide and the amount of vanadium(III) halide in the negative half-cell solution are set such that the vanadium halide redox cell is at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of zero state of charge and close to zero state of charge composition. A fully charged vanadium halide redox cell consists of a positive half cell with a positive half cell comprising a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, a vanadium(IV) halide, and a vanadium(V) halide solution, the negative half-cell has a negative half-cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte and a vanadium(II) halide, wherein the molar concentration of vanadium(V) and polyhalide complexes: the molar concentration of vanadium(II) halide is approximately stoichiometrically balanced. A partially charged vanadium halide redox cell includes a positive half cell with a positive half cell including a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, a vanadium(IV) halide, and a vanadium(V) halide solution, the negative half-cell has a negative half-cell solution comprising a halide electrolyte, a vanadium (II) halide and a vanadium (III) halide, wherein the number of moles of the polyhalide complex and the vanadium (V) halide: vanadium halide ( The moles of II) are approximately stoichiometrically balanced.

This invention relates to a device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen which can operate discontinuously or associated to strong power fluctuations and provide dry pressurized directly hydrogen, with high purity. The device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen from an alkaline aqueous solution, starting from dry cathode, comprises two half-cell, anodic and cathodic, separated by an anionic exchange membrane whose surface in contact with the cathodic half-cell is a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), and the alkaline solution is present only in the anodic half-cell

A battery is provided having cells, which cells contain an electrolyte and a colloid, with there being at least one connector between directly adjacent cells, with each cell being formed of at least one pair of component sections, with each of the component sections in the pair being separated by a filter. The filter has apertures formed therein. The filter has two sides with a channel formed connecting apertures on opposite sides of the filter. When the battery discharges, the battery will flush the filter. Each of the component sections of the battery is a half-cell. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the colloid is PbO₂.