178 results about "Half-cell" patented technology

The invention relates to a sulfonic group modified ZIF-67 coated diaphragm as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries. Comprising a porous base membrane and a modified coating coated on one side or two sides of the porous base membrane, and the modified coating comprises sulfonic group functionalized ZIF-67 nanoparticles and a binder, the sulfonic group functionalized ZIF-67 nanoparticles are a metal organic framework material formed by coordination self-assembly of a cobalt source, a 2-methylimidazole ligand and an imidazole auxiliary ligand containing a sulfonic acid group. Imidazole ligands with sulfonic acid groups are introduced into a ZIF-67 framework through in-situ coordination self-assembly, homogenization of lithium ion flux is achieved through regular pore channels of ZIF-67, meanwhile, anion decomposition is promoted through the electrostatic induction effect of the sulfonic acid groups, and the lithium ion transference number is increased. The diaphragm can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, and shows excellent cycling stability and rate capability in an NCM811 / Li metal total battery, a Li-Li symmetric battery and a Li-Cu half battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials, and particularly discloses a nanometer silicon / high-entropy alloy oxide / carbon composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material with a honeycomb-like three-dimensional hierarchical nanometer structure and a preparation method of the nanometer silicon / high-entropy alloy oxide / carbon composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively adding PVP and silicon nanoparticles into deionized water, and stirring for 12-24 hours; adding oxysalts of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium and manganese with equal molar weight, stirring for 12-24 hours, and then freeze-drying for 24-48 hours; and finally, putting the freeze-dried product into a tubular furnace, and calcining at high temperature in an inert atmosphere to obtain the composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material. A half battery prepared from the composite lithium ion battery negative electrode material prepared by the method has high initial specific discharge capacity and excellent capacity retention ratio, and the preparation method of the composite material is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production, and provides a new idea for preparation of a silicon-based composite electrode.

The invention provides a water-based composite electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The water-based composite electrolyte comprises soluble zinc salt, amino acid hydrochloride additives and deionized water. The aqueous composite electrolyte can be used for a symmetrical button cell, a half cell or an aqueous zinc ion total cell. By adjusting zinc ion deposition on the surface of the zinc electrode, the growth of zinc dendrites is reduced, and the shuttle effect of the iodine positive electrode is inhibited, so that the coulombic efficiency and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc-iodine battery are improved. The additive disclosed by the invention can be adsorbed on the surface of a zinc negative electrode, delays the nucleation process and inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites; the form of hydrochloride can play a role of a buffer solution, stabilize the pH value of the electrolyte, inhibit the corrosion of the zinc negative electrode and reduce the hydrogen evolution reaction; the hydrochloride form can weaken the protonation effect of amino acid groups and enhance the electrostatic interaction between the amino acid groups and the polyiodide, so that the shuttle effect is inhibited, and the coulombic efficiency and the cycle performance of the aqueous zinc-iodine battery are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and provides a solid oxide fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a half-cell precursor comprising an electrolyte layer and a NiO-based ceramic layer; placing the half-cell precursor in an acid solution for reaction treatment, selectively etching to remove at least part of NiO phase in the NiO-based ceramic layer, and cleaning to form a porous ceramic layer; injecting nickel slurry into pores of the porous ceramic layer, and performing drying and first calcination treatment to form a porous Ni-based metal ceramic composite anode layer; and preparing a porous cathode layer on the surface of the other side of the electrolyte layer to form the solid oxide fuel cell. According to the method, the NiO phase of the NiO-based ceramic layer is removed by using the pickling solution, and the nickel slurry is injected to construct the porous Ni-based metal ceramic composite anode, so that the problems that the pore structure is random and difficult to control when the porous anode is prepared by pore-forming of a traditional pore-forming agent and reduction of NiO by introducing hydrogen, and the active area of the anode is reduced due to migration, agglomeration and coarsening of Ni particles are solved.

The application discloses a kind of half battery and its preparation method, the detection method of open-circuit voltage.The preparation method of the half battery includes the following steps: lithium sheet, separator and graphite pole piece are stacked in sequence, and sealing, standing are carried out, and half battery is obtained;Before stacking the separator, first electrolyte is added to the lithium sheet;Before stacking the graphite pole piece, second electrolyte is added to the separator;The volume ratio of the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte is 1: (1-5).When the half battery prepared by the half battery preparation method of the application is detected by open-circuit voltage, the reliability and stability of the obtained open-circuit voltage are better, and can be used to judge the performance of battery and / or electrode material.

The application provides a positive electrode active material of Li 1+x Ni y M z Mn 2‑x‑y‑z O 4‑k , -0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.4≤y≤0.6, 0≤z≤0.2, M is one or more of Cr, Mo, Nb, Ru, P, S, Ta, W, Tl and Ti, in the first circle charging curve of the half cell of the positive electrode active material, the ratio of the charging capacity of 3.5V-4.4V to the charging capacity of 3.5V-4.95V is A, A satisfies 0.04≤A≤0.3, the product of k and A satisfies 0≤kA≤0.015, and the first circle charging curve is measured at a rate of 0.1C. The positive electrode active material of the application has high kinetic performance and high chemical stability, and the corresponding secondary battery has high rate discharge capacity and long-term storage stability.

The application discloses a kind of half-cell devices for evaluating electrochemical performance, and its technical scheme is: including workbench, workbench top side is fixed with fixed plate, workbench top is equipped with performance test mechanism, sealing mechanism and suction disc control mechanism;Performance test mechanism includes connecting shell, connecting shell is equipped in workbench top, connecting shell side is equipped with multiple performance test components, performance test component includes fixed collar, fixed collar is fixedly connected with connecting shell, fixed collar inboard is equipped with support sleeve, fixed collar is movably connected with support sleeve, support sleeve inboard is fixedly connected with heat preservation liquid storage tank, the beneficial effects of the present application are: with humidification and heating system, can be tested under different working conditions, it is beneficial to reduce the performance difference obtained with industrial amplification, can also test oxygen reduction, add flow field plate structure, constitute gas diffusion layer, simulate the real working condition of catalyst in industrial application, the structure of catalyst layer, current and potential state are characterized.

This invention discloses a type of sodium titanate with a layered crystal structure, its preparation method, and its application in aqueous magnesium-ion batteries, belonging to the field of aqueous magnesium-ion battery technology. This invention uses sodium titanate with a layered crystal structure as the negative electrode material in aqueous magnesium-ion batteries. Due to its excellent chemical and structural stability, sodium titanate can achieve reversible magnesium deposition in aqueous magnesium electrolytes. 2+ Intercalation / extraction. This invention synthesizes Na via a hydrothermal method and a high-temperature annealing process. 2 Ti 2 O 5 And Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 Materials. In magnesium chloride electrolyte, both sodium titanate materials exhibit extremely low charge / discharge potentials (Na). 2 Ti 2 O 5 -1.3 to -0.6V vs. SCE; Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 (-1.5 to -1V vs. SCE) and good cycle stability. Furthermore, Na... 2 Ti 2 O 5 The half-cell exhibits a charge-discharge specific capacity of up to 213 mAh / g at a current density of 2 A / g, and maintains a high specific capacity of 150 mAh / g even at a high current density of 10 A / g. The sodium titanate of this invention is an ideal anode material for aqueous magnesium batteries, possessing both low cost and environmental friendliness, and shows great promise for application in the field of aqueous magnesium-ion energy storage.

This application discloses a swelling force testing system and method. The swelling force testing system includes a half-cell and a processor. The half-cell includes an active material to be tested and a piezoelectric element is disposed in the half-cell. The piezoelectric element is connected to the processor and is used to output a voltage to the processor based on its own force. The processor is used to determine the swelling force of the active material to be tested based on a first voltage, which is the voltage output by the piezoelectric element when the half-cell is fully charged. In this way, when the active material to be tested expands, the piezoelectric element can be subjected to pressure and output a voltage to the processor based on its own force. The processor can then determine the swelling force of the active material to be tested based on the voltage output by the piezoelectric element when the half-cell is fully charged, thereby achieving accurate detection of the swelling force of the active material.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer including a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material having an average particle diameter different from each other, in which the average particle diameter D50 of the first positive electrode active material is larger than the average particle diameter D50 of the second positive electrode active material, the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material include single-particle-type particles, the interface resistance of the positive electrode having a SOC of 50% measured in a coin half cell manufactured using the positive electrode is 6.5 Omega to 8.5 Omega, and the interface resistance of the positive electrode having a SOC of 10% measured in a coin half cell manufactured using the positive electrode is 15 Omega to 19 Omega.

The invention discloses a ZrO2 / Ti4O7-Al2O3 / C composite nanofiber material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing alumina nanorods and modifying them with sodium hydroxide; introducing lithiophilic Ti and Zr elements onto the surfaces of the surface-modified alumina nanorods by electrospinning to form a stable ZrO2 / Ti4O7-Al2O3 composite nanofiber fabric; covering the fabric with graphite foil and subjecting the fabric to high-temperature carbonization to obtain the ZrO2 / Ti4O7-Al2O3 / C composite nanofiber material, which is used as a negative electrode material for a lithium metal battery, effectively inhibits dendrite growth and volume expansion of the lithium metal negative electrode, and improves the cycle life and rate performance of the battery; and assembling a half-cell using the ZrO2 / Ti4O7-Al2O3 / C composite nanofiber negative electrode of the invention, effectively inhibiting dendrite growth of the lithium metal negative electrode, and improving the cycle life and rate performance of the battery.

The application provides a SOC and SOH combined estimation method of a full vanadium liquid flow battery, and the method comprises the following steps: S1. constructing an equivalent circuit model, determining parameters of the equivalent circuit model as an activation polarization overpotential V act , a concentration polarization overpotential V con , a pump loss current I pump , an ohmic loss R ohm and an open circuit voltage V s ; S2. constructing a parameter calculation model based on multiple physical fields for calculating the parameters in the equivalent circuit model; S3. substituting material performance parameter values of the full vanadium liquid flow battery into the parameter calculation model to obtain a full vanadium liquid flow battery simulation model with the same or similar material performance; and S4. inputting specific size parameter values of a monitored full vanadium liquid flow battery into the parameter calculation model in step S3 to estimate the SOC and SOH of the monitored full vanadium liquid flow battery. The application improves the universality of the equivalent circuit model for various types of full vanadium liquid flow batteries, can estimate the SOC and SOH of the positive and negative half-cells respectively, and more comprehensively monitors the conditions in the actual operation process of the full vanadium liquid flow battery.

This invention provides a failure analysis method and application for irreversible capacity decay in lithium-ion batteries, relating to the field of battery analysis technology. The failure analysis method first converts the discharge capacity of fresh and failed cells into the discharge capacity of fresh and failed coin half-cells, then obtains the total capacity loss of the coin half-cells. Next, the fresh and failed cells are disassembled in a depleted state and fabricated into fresh positive electrode coin half-cells, failed positive electrode coin half-cells, fresh negative electrode coin half-cells, and failed negative electrode coin half-cells. Utilizing the relationship between different capacity losses, the irreversible capacity caused by the positive electrode structure, CEI growth, negative electrode structure, SEI and deactivated Li growth, negative electrode polarization, and lithium dendrite precipitation is calculated. By analyzing the proportion of each capacity loss in the total capacity loss, the capacity loss of a single lithium-ion cell is indirectly reflected, thereby achieving quantitative analysis of irreversible capacity decay.

An electrosynthetic cell and its use are disclosed. The electrosynthetic cell can be used in a reductive electrosynthesis of one or more desired chemical products from one or more chemical reactants. The electrosynthetic cell comprises a hydrogen anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell. The hydrogen anode half-cell comprises hydrogen (H2), a first liquid phase solution that is in contact with an anode and a heterogeneous redox catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation of H2 to H+, and a redox mediator capable of transferring or accepting electrons and / or protons while undergoing reduction or oxidation. The cathode half-cell comprises a second liquid phase solution comprising the one or more chemical reactants that is in contact with a cathode and a reductive synthesis catalyst capable of catalyzing the reductive synthesis of the one or more desired chemical products from the one or more chemical reactants.

This invention provides a method for enhancing the chemical reaction of a flow battery based on localized ultrasound assistance, comprising the following steps: (1) setting an ultrasonic transducer on the bipolar plates of the positive and negative half-cells of the flow battery. The position and size of the ultrasonic transducer on the bipolar plates should ensure that the area of ​​action of the ultrasound applied by the ultrasonic transducer covers the flow dead zone inside the porous electrode; (2) connecting a signal generator to the ultrasonic transducer via a power amplifier; (3) during the operation of the flow battery, turning on the signal generator and power amplifier to apply ultrasound to the flow battery through the ultrasonic transducer, thereby improving the flow rate and flow uniformity of the electrolyte in the porous electrode and enhancing the chemical reaction of the flow battery. The method of this invention can effectively improve the flow uniformity of the electrolyte inside the porous electrode, realize flexible control of the flow field inside the porous electrode of the flow battery, and reduce the ultrasonic power consumption for flow field control inside the electrode.

The invention discloses plasma deposition-based TOPCon half cell edge passivation equipment, which comprises a machine body, a first workbench, a second workbench, a pair of first brackets and a plasma pretreatment mechanism, and is characterized in that the machine body is internally provided with a passivation mechanism on the second workbench; a cleaning mechanism is arranged on the first working table, the first supports are rotationally connected to the first working table, a graphite boat is connected to the first supports in a sliding mode, a plurality of containing grooves used for fixing TOPCon half batteries are formed in the graphite boat, and the ultrasonic cleaning groove is located between the pair of first supports; and the plasma pretreatment mechanism is used for bombarding the cutting edge of the TOPCon half cell. Compared with the prior art, the TOPCon half-piece battery edge passivation equipment based on plasma deposition can remove an oxide layer and metal impurities on the edge of a TOPCon half-piece battery, enhance chemical anchoring on the cutting surface of the TOPCon half-piece battery, and guarantee direct bonding of the cutting edge of the TOPCon battery piece and a passivation film.

The application provides a preparation method of a pre-lithiated positive electrode sheet, the pre-lithiated positive electrode sheet and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. completely immersing the positive electrode sheet in an organic lithium salt solution for pre-lithiation treatment; S2. after the pre-lithiation of the positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet is dried, and a half-cell is assembled by taking the positive electrode sheet as a working positive electrode and taking metal lithium or a lithium-containing material as a counter electrode or a reference electrode; in an electrolyte system containing a lithium salt, a constant voltage is applied for treatment, the voltage range is 2.0-3.5 V (relative to Li + / Li), and the treatment time is 10-120 min; S3. the working electrode is taken out, washed and dried to obtain the pre-lithiated positive electrode sheet. The preparation method can effectively change the waste into treasure of the residual material that needs to be removed in the traditional pre-lithiation process, and in-situ construct a functional CEI layer. The layer can physically and chemically lock the pre-embedded active lithium and inhibit the subsequent loss; at the same time, as an excellent artificial interface layer, the layer can stabilize the positive electrode / electrolyte interface, and especially improve the cycle performance under high voltage.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, and discloses a preparation method and system of a solid oxide fuel cell, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a half-cell and nano electrolyte particle suspension; one side of the electrolyte layer close to the anode is kept in a vacuum state, and one side of the electrolyte layer far away from the anode is impregnated with nano-electrolyte particle suspension; scraping off the weakly bonded nano electrolyte particles on the impregnated side of the electrolyte layer; and calcining the scraped half cell in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain a compact electrolyte layer. The side, close to an anode, of an electrolyte layer is kept in a vacuum state, so that nano electrolyte particles can penetrate into cracks, the effect of repairing the electrolyte layer is achieved, and the densification degree of the electrolyte layer is improved; it is ensured that strong combination electrolyte particles are left on the dipping side of the electrolyte layer, and the cathode can be tightly combined with the electrolyte layer after calcination.

An electrochemical reactor, which may be a half-cell of a rechargeable battery, comprises a liquid electrolyte which is pumped through the half-cell and has an electrochemical system in which a solid is deposited at an electrode while electric current is flowing. The liquid comprises a high molecular weight polymer or a viscoelastic surfactant enabling elastic turbulence to occur and the half-cell is configured to compel through flow to make changes in direction, so that elastic turbulence occurs, enhancing mass transport through the liquid and reducing overpotential at the electrode, which enhances uniformity of deposited solid and inhibits parasitic reactions.

The application provides a kind of zero-dimensional-one-dimensional composite positive electrode material and its preparation method and application, belong to battery positive electrode material field.The zero-dimensional-one-dimensional composite positive electrode material provided by the application includes nanoparticle positive electrode material and nanofiber positive electrode material;The mass ratio of the nanoparticle positive electrode material and nanofiber positive electrode material is 1: (0.2~1.5).The zero-dimensional-one-dimensional composite positive electrode material provided by the application is applied as active material in lithium ion battery positive electrode sheet, can make the first coulomb efficiency of half-cell reach 84.23%, with higher first coulomb efficiency;The specific capacity under 0.1C rate can reach 270.29mAhg ‑1 , with high specific capacity;The specific capacity under 8C high rate can still be kept at 82.03mAhg ‑1 , with excellent rate performance;Capacity retention rate can reach 86.68% after 300 cycles under 2C rate, with good cycle stability.

The invention relates to a proton flow reactor for use in storing and releasing energy. In use, a slurry of storage particles in a liquid electrolyte may pass through a first half cell of the proton flow reactor. When the proton flow reactor is in charge mode, protons are bonded or otherwise attracted to the storage particles to form charged storage particles charged with hydrogen, which can hen be stored and / or transported for later use. When the proton flow reactor is in discharge mode, protons are removed from the charged storage particles to fuel an electrochemical reaction, thereby generating electricity. Alternatively, the proton flow reactor in discharge mode can be configured to generate hydrogen gas directly from the in-flowing charged carbon particles.

This invention provides an ether-based electrolyte for improving the high-voltage and long-cycle stability of sodium-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. The ether-based electrolyte comprises a base electrolyte and additives; the additives include aromatic isocyanates and alkoxysilanes. The aromatic isocyanates are a combination of one of the following: 6-fluoro-1H-1,3-benzodioxane-8-yl isocyanate, 3,4-dihydro-1,5-benzodioxane-7-isocyanate, or 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl isocyanate, and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate; the alkoxysilanes are 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriethoxysilane. The electrolyte of this invention achieves synergistic regulation of interfacial reactions and interfacial film evolution, is suitable for sodium-ion half-cells or full-cells, and can improve overall stability and operating efficiency under high-voltage and long-cycle operating conditions.

An anode active material, of which conductivity and durability are enhanced by repairing damage to silicon crystals during a secondary granulation process includes secondary silicon particles formed by aggregation of primary silicon particles; and a carbon layer on the second silicon particles. The ratio of the maximum discharge peaks obtained from the differential capacity plot for a half-cell comprising the anode active material is equal to or greater than about 1.2.

The application relates to a thermal electrochemical cell based on supercapacitor-mediated decoupling of heat and ion transmission, which comprises a hot-side half cell and a cold-side half cell, the two half cells are respectively filled with redox electrolyte, provided with ion isolation structures, and arranged with electrodes and supercapacitors immersed in the electrolyte. The supercapacitor serves as an ion transmission mediation core to realize decoupling of ion mass transfer and heat conduction; with the aid of the half cell and supercapacitor structure, on the one hand, the heat diffusion from the hot end to the cold end is blocked, heat loss is reduced, the thermal-electric conversion efficiency and the battery output power are improved; on the other hand, the supercapacitor interface ion adsorption / desorption characteristics are relied on to construct a rapid ion transmission path, efficient charge transfer between the half cells is guaranteed, the concentration of the redox ion pair is stabilized, cross contamination is avoided, the reaction can be continuously carried out reversibly, and the cycle stability is improved; the application effectively solves the technical problems of low power density, slow response and poor cycle stability of the traditional thermal electrochemical cell.

The invention relates to application of a zinc-based metal organic framework material in water-based zinc ion battery negative electrode protection. The invention relates to an application of a zinc-based metal organic framework material in water-based zinc ion battery negative electrode protection, in particular to a method for coating the zinc-based metal organic framework material Zn (btec) on the surface of a zinc electrode to construct a protective coating and form a Zn (btec) (at) Zn negative electrode. The coating can remarkably inhibit dendritic crystal growth, corrosion, hydrogen evolution and other side reactions of the zinc electrode in the charging and discharging process, and the safety performance and cycling stability of the battery are effectively improved. An electrochemical test shows that the symmetrical battery based on the Zn (becc) (at) Zn negative electrode stably operates for 2100 hours under the conditions of 0.5 mAcm <-2 > and 0.5 mAhcm <-2 >; under the conditions of 4mAcm <-2 > and 1mAhcm <-2 >, the half cell realizes 3000 cycles, and the coulombic efficiency is close to 100%; and after the whole battery circulates for 700 weeks at 1Ag <-1 >, the specific capacity is still kept at 91.4 mAhg <-1 >. Besides, after 86 cycles under 1Ag <-1 >, the capacity retention ratio of a soft package battery assembled by adopting the negative electrode is close to 100%, the specific discharge capacity is 150mAhg <-1 >, a load with the rated voltage of 6V can be successfully driven, and a good practical application prospect is shown. The negative electrode protection method provided by the invention is simple in process, relatively low in cost and suitable for large-scale production, and an effective way is provided for development of high-performance and long-life aqueous zinc ion batteries.

The invention provides a method for determining the effective discharge specific capacity of a negative electrode active material in a full battery. The method comprises the following steps: testing to obtain the charge specific capacity C0 of the negative electrode active material in a half battery; the conversion coefficient is preset to be P, and the estimated specific discharge capacity C estimated 0 of the negative electrode active material in the whole battery is obtained; when the preset N / P value is less than 1, manufacturing a first total battery by using the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece; presetting a pre-estimated discharge specific capacity gradient sequence of the negative active material in the first total battery by taking the C pre-estimated 0 as a central value, and calculating a corresponding pre-estimated discharge specific capacity gradient sequence of the negative active material in the first total battery; taking the estimated discharge capacity in the estimated discharge capacity gradient sequence of the negative electrode active material in the first total battery as the charging cut-off capacity, and carrying out a full charge test on the first total battery; and determining the effective specific discharge capacity of the negative electrode active material in the total battery from the estimated specific discharge capacity of the negative electrode active material in the first total battery according to the metal precipitation condition of the negative electrode interface.

This application discloses a variable current charging method for lithium batteries, relating to the field of electrochemical testing. The method includes assembling a half-cell of the lithium battery under test; determining the intrinsic kinetic parameters of the half-cell under each preset state of charge by performing in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and plotting the relationship curves between the intrinsic kinetic parameters and the state of charge; dividing the preset state of charge intervals in the relationship curves to obtain high and low kinetic windows; determining a variable current charging strategy, which includes: charging with a reference rate current within the low kinetic window, and charging with a current rate higher than the reference rate within the high kinetic window; and regulating the variable current charging of the lithium battery under test according to the variable current charging strategy. This application can significantly shorten the charging time while improving the lifespan and safety of lithium batteries.

The invention provides a method and a device for detecting a sodium separation threshold value of a sodium ion battery negative electrode material, and belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries. The method for detecting the sodium separation threshold value of the battery negative electrode material comprises the following steps: assembling a negative electrode material to be detected into a half-battery system; discharging the half-cell system for multiple times by utilizing constant current; acquiring the voltage change of the half-cell system after each discharge; determining an internal resistance value change curve of the half-cell system in the whole discharge process based on the voltage change of the half-cell system after each discharge; and determining the sodium separation threshold value of the negative electrode material of the half-cell system based on the internal resistance value change curve. According to the invention, accurate determination of the sodium separation threshold value of the sodium ion battery negative electrode material can be realized.

Device for storing electrical energy in chemical redox compounds in the form of a redox flow battery, based on at least two liquid redox electrolytes (catholyte and anolyte (4)), comprising at least one electrochemical flow cell consisting of two half-rows, each with an electrode compartment through which a redox electrolyte flows, and a collector electrode made of a chemically inert, electron-conducting material (2) and circulating pumps (3), wherein the two half-cells are separated by an impermeable, electrically non-conducting wall (1), characterized in that a) the electrochemical conversion of the redox electrolytes in question is quantitatively controlled during a single half-cell flow and discharged redox electrolytes leave the flow cell, b) during the discharge process, the discharged catholyte and anolyte fluids or parts thereof form an uninterrupted electrolytic current key within a defined mixing zone of both, which electrolytically connects the two half-cells at the outlet, and during the charging process, a corresponding uninterrupted current key is formed by a defined flow division of discharged catholyte and anolyte before the inlet of both half-cells, both of which replace a semipermeable membrane. c) Catholyte and anolyte contain more than one redox system, d) the discharged redox electrolytes exiting the flow cell and combined according to the current key are separated again into catholyte and anolyte fractions and stored separately from their still charged fraction, e) the discharged redox electrolytes are temporarily stored in containers that can act as a pump.

The invention relates to a reversible oxygen ion conductor ceramic fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a Ni-YSZ / YSZ half cell; coating the surface of an electrolyte layer of the half cell with the GDC slurry through a wet spraying process; coating the Yb-doped CaMnO3 perovskite type oxide cathode slurry on the surface of a GDC layer of a half cell through a screen printing process; standing, drying and calcining to obtain a cathode; and carrying out electrode sintering and electrochemical activation treatment to obtain the reversible oxygen ion conductor ceramic fuel cell. The fuel cell cathode is prepared from the cobalt-free strontium-free Yb-doped CaMnO3 perovskite material, so that the problems that the thermal expansion matching property of a traditional cathode is poor, and a high-resistance phase is easily generated on an interface are effectively solved; in cooperation with a casting-co-sintering integrated preparation process, compact forming and tight combination of functional layers of the fuel cell are realized, and interlayer interface compatibility and structural stability are optimized.