3722 results about "Ion-exchange membranes" patented technology

A vanadium redox cell having a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H₂SO₄, HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more ions selected from the group vanadium (EI), Vanadium (IV), Vanadium (V), Br₃ and Br₂Cl; a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H₂SO₄, HBr and HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more vanadium ions selected from the group Vanadium (II), Vanadium (III) and Vanadium (FV) and a perfluorinated cast cation exchange membrane or separator disposed between the positive and negative half cells and in contact with the positive and negative half cell solutions.

Provided are a CDI electrode and a method for manufacturing a module using the same. A hybridized electrode manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention can manufacture a CDI electrode capable of increasing adsorption efficiency and rate of ions and selectively adsorbing cation and anion, thereby simply and inexpensively manufacturing the CDI electrode module without using a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane.

An apparatus is provided, which includes a mobile body configured to travel over a surface, a source of a liquid, a liquid dispenser and a flow path from the liquid source to the liquid dispenser. A functional generator is coupled in the flow path, which comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by an ion exchange membrane and which electrochemically activates the liquid from the liquid source which is passed through the functional generator.

A multicell assembly is constituted by alternately stacking two types of pre-assembled elements: a bipolar electrode holding subassembly and a membrane holding subassembly. The alternate stack of elements is piled over a bottom end element and the stack is terminated by placing over the last membrane holding element a top end electrode element. Each bipolar plate electrode holding element and each ion exchange membrane separator holding element includes a substantially similar rectangular frame piece, made of an electrically nonconductive and chemically resistant material, typically of molded plastic material, having on its upper (assembly) face grooves for receiving O-ring type gasket means, and having through holes and recesses in coordinated locations disposed along two opposite sides of the rectangular frame forming, upon completion of the assembling, ducts for the separate circulation of the negative electrolyte and of the positive electrolyte through all the negative electrolyte flow chambers and all positive electrolyte flow chambers, respectively, in cascade.

A water transport assembly, is provided including a housing having a first chamber therein, which is accessible through an opening in the housing. The housing additionally includes a sample inlet port and a sample outlet port, both of which are in fluid communication with the first chamber. A flat ion exchange membrane is attached to the housing in a plane over the opening in the housing, to seal the opening in a vapor tight seal. Water will pass through the membrane based upon the vapor pressure on each side of the membrane, to either dry or humidify sample passing through the first chamber. When the flat ion exchange membrane is a flat, thin ion exchange membrane it is preferable that the thin ion exchange membrane have a thickness of between about 0.1 and about 3.0 mils.

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for controllably adjusting a fluid delivery device. The device includes an electrochemical pump capable of transporting a fluid. A displaceable member is positioned between a pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the pump product chamber is capable of retaining water generated from the pump. The displaceable member is controllably displaced upon generation of water from the electrochemical pump and the reservoir contains the fluid that is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member.

A significant problem in PEM fuel cell durability is in premature failure of the ion-exchange membrane and in particular by the degradation of the ion-exchange membrane by reactive hydrogen peroxide species. Such degradation can be reduced or eliminated by the presence of an additive in the anode, cathode or ion-exchange membrane. The additive may be a radical scavenger, a membrane cross-linker, a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and/or a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. The presence of the additive in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) may however result in reduced performance of the PEM fuel cell. Accordingly, it may be desirable to restrict the location of the additive to locations of increased susceptibility to membrane degradation such as the inlet and/or outlet regions of the MEA.

A method and apparatus is provided for inhibiting scaling in an electrodeionization system and, more particularly, for increasing tolerance to hardness in the feed water to an electrodeionization unit by inhibiting precipitation of scale-forming metallic cations contained in the feed water and thereby increasing efficiencies of the electrodeionization system. Water to be purified is passed through an electrodeionization unit in which the flow in the diluting compartment is countercurrent to the flow in the concentrating compartment. This is to impede the migration of scale-forming metallic cations from the diluting compartment, through the cation exchange membrane, into the concentrating compartment and towards the concentrating compartment side of the anion exchange membrane, thereby preventing scale formation on the anion exchange membrane. The electrodeionization unit may be further modified by dividing the concentrating compartments into first and second compartments by a porous diaphragm or ion-conducting membrane. The porous diaphragm or ion-conducting membrane effectively eliminates convective transport of scale-forming metallic cations from the cation exchange membrane side of the concentrating compartment to the anion exchange membrane side of the concentrating compartment, thereby inhibiting scale formation on the anion exchange membrane.

This invention discloses a fluorine-containing polymer and its application as ion exchange fiber material. The fluorine-containing polymer is a perfluoro resin containing sulfonylfluoride groups, and is shown in formula 1. The fluorine-containing polymer has ion exchange function, and is prepared by free radical copolymerization of perfluorosulfonyl vinyl ether, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene in the presence of dispersant, solvent and initiator. The dispersant/solvent is mixed solution of melamine derivative containing linear perfluoro hydrocarbon and water. The fluorine-containing polymer can be melt-spun into polymer fibers, which can be woven into fiber network that can be used as the reinforcing network material for ion exchange membranes and chlor-alkali ion membrane to reinforce and improve the ion exchange ability.

An iontophoresis device useful for administering an ionic drug by iontophoresis has an iontophoresis electrode section (active electrode section) and a ground electrode section (inactive electrode section) both of which are to be connected to a power source. The iontophoresis device includes elements (members) of both of the electrode sections are all formed of membrane bodies, and includes ion exchange membranes different in ion selectivity, one being selective to ions of the same species as charged ions of the ionic drug and the other to ions different in species from the charged ions of the ionic drug that are arranged in the iontophoresis electrode section, and at least an ion exchange membrane selective to ions opposite to the charged ions of the ionic drug is arranged in the ground electrode section. The iontophoresis device can administer the ionic drug stably over a long period of time at high transport efficiency.

The present invention provides a composite ion exchange membrane which has high mechanical strength and is suitable for use as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane excellent in ionic conductivity and a method for its production. The invention is achieved by a composite ion exchange membrane including a composite layer comprising a support membrane with continuous voids formed of polybenzazole polymer, the support membrane being impregnated with ion exchange resin, and surface layers formed of ion exchange resin free of support membranes, the surface layers being formed on both surfaces of the composite layer so as to sandwich the composite layer therebetween.

Apparatus and methods are provided for producing electrolytic water using three chambers, rigid plates and ion exchange membranes. Benefits include reduced scale production and increased long-term bactericidal effects of the water produced.

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for controllably adjusting a fluid delivery device. The device includes an electrochemical pump capable of transporting a fluid. A displaceable member is positioned between a pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the pump product chamber is capable of retaining water generated from the pump. The displaceable member is controllably displaced upon generation of water from the electrochemical pump and the reservoir contains the fluid that is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member.

An apparatus for producing deionized water consisting essentially of an electrodialyzer having cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes alternately arranged between a cathode and an anode to form demineralizing compartments and concentrating compartments, and ion exchangers accommodated in the demineralizing compartments, wherein a pressure of from 0.1 to 20 kg/cm2 is exerted between the ion exchangers accommodated in the demineralizing compartments and the cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes defining the demineralizing compartments.

An apparatus for capture of CO₂ from the atmosphere comprising an anion exchange material formed in a matrix exposed to a flow of the air.

An integrated photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell generates hydrogen and oxygen from water while being illuminated with radiation. The PEC cell employs a liquid electrolyte, a multi-junction photovoltaic electrode, and a thin ion-exchange membrane. A PEC system and a method of making such PEC cell and PEC system are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a method for extracting high-value alkali metal from salt lake brine or seawater through membrane extraction-back extraction. The method is implemented through continuous operation and comprises the following steps of: fixing an ion exchange blend membrane in a membrane component, allowing an organic solution containing an extracting agent to contact salt lake brine or seawater which contains alkali metal ions by a first ion exchange membrane, and allowing alkali metal ions to pass through the ion exchange membrane and be combined with the organic solution containing the extracting agent to obtain metal complex; then transmitting an organic solution of the metal complex to a second ion exchange membrane and allowing the organic solution of the metal complex to contact a back extraction solution by the second ion exchange membrane, and allowing the metal ions to pass through the ion exchange membrane to enter the back extraction solution; during membrane extraction-back extraction, and circulating feed liquid, the back extraction solution and the organic solution containing the extracting agent on one side of the first ion exchange membrane, on one side of the second ion exchange membrane and between the first and second ion exchange membranes; and performing back extraction until a certain concentration of the back extraction solution is reached, and separating lithium, rubidium or caesium precipitates to obtain the final product. The invention provides a high-efficiency, low-cost and feasible route for industrial production of alkali metal salts.

An electrodynamic method for repairing the soil polluted by heavy metal includes using ion exchange film to isolate cathode from said soil, inserting porous ceramic between said film and soil, controlling the pH value of soil by the H and OH ions generated by electrodes themsolves for speeding up the extraction of pollutants, depositing heavy metals in cathode solution, centrifugal purifying to obtain heavy metal compound, and using clean cathode solution to neutralizing soil.

A process for preparing the low-Mg high-Li bitter from the raw bittern of salt lake includes sunning the raw bittern in salt pan and one-stage or multi-stage electric dialyzing by use of selective ion exchange membrane.

An apparatus is provided, which includes a sparging device and a functional generator. The functional generator is in fluid communication with the sparging device and includes an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by an ion exchange membrane.

A method and apparatus for coating an ion-exchange membrane or fluid diffusion layer with a catalyst layer for use in an electrochemical fuel cell is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of electrostatically charging a catalyst slurry to yield an electrostatically-charged catalyst slurry, and applying the electrostatically-charged catalyst slurry onto a first surface of the ion-exchange membrane or fluid diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer on the first surface.

A vacuum operated electrolytic generator can be used to produce a chlorine dioxide solution or a mist of chlorine dioxide from a buffered aqueous alkali metal chlorite solution in one pass through an electrolytic cell. The cell contains a high surface area anode, a corrosion-resistant highly conductive cathode, and a cation ion exchange membrane between the anode and cathode. An eductor is used on the anolyte effluent line to create a vacuum and draw the anolyte through the cell. Either motive water or a motive inert gas (such as air) is used in the eductor. Preferably, an eductor is used in the catholyte effluent line. An ascending anolyte effluent line with a non-corrosive check valve leads from the cell to the anode eductor. Sensors are used to monitor the composition of the anolyte effluent and/or the anolyte feed. The final product is a chlorine dioxide solution when water is used for the eduction. The final product is a mist consisting essentially of gaseous chlorine dioxide, an inert gas, and water vapor when an inert gas is used for the eduction. The mist is useful for application crop, soils, produce such as vegetables, fruit, and tobacco, fields, storage cellars, and the like.

Disclosed is an anion-exchange membrane which does not easily deteriorate even when used at high temperatures in a strong alkaline atmosphere. Also disclosed is a method for producing the anion-exchange membrane. The anion-exchange membrane is a microporous membrane which is composed of a water-insoluble resin and an anion-exchange resin filling the pores of the microporous membrane. The anion-exchange resin is composed of an anion-exchange resin wherein a quaternary ammonium salt group serving as an anion-exchange group is directly bonded to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, said anion-exchange resin being obtained by polymerizing and crosslinking a monomer composition which contains a crosslinking agent and a monomer component including a diallyl ammonium salt.