254 results about "Photoelectrochemical cell" patented technology

A photoelectrochemical assay apparatus for determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a water sample which consists of a) a measuring cell for holding a sample to be analysed b) a titanium dioxide nanoparticle photoelectric working electrode and a counter electrode disposed in said cell, c) a UV light source adapted to illuminate the photoelectric working electrode d) control means to control the illumination of the working electrode e) potential measuring means to measure the electrical potential at the working and counter electrodes f) analysis means to derive a measure of oxygen demand from the measurements made by the potential measuring means. The method of determining chemical oxygen demand of a water sample, comprises the steps of a) applying a constant potential bias to a photoelectrochemical cell, containing a supporting electrolyte solution; b) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the background photocurrent produced at the working electrode from the supporting electrolyte solution; c) adding a water sample, to be analysed, to the photoelectrochemical cell; d) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the total photocurrent produced; e) determining the chemical oxygen demand of the water sample according to the type of degradation conditions employed. The determination may be under exhaustive degradation conditions, in which all organics present in the water sample are oxidised or under non-exhaustive degradation conditions, in which the organics present in the water sample are partially oxidised.

An electrolytic cell assembly, e.g. for use in solar panels, is formed by placing coated metal wires (7,9) between the conducting layers (3,6) of two conducting glasses (1,4), respectively. A pressure force (F) is applied to press the metal wires between the conducting layers and to break the coating of the wires, thereby bringing the metal wires in electrical contact with the conducting layers. The coating protects the wires from harmful contact with an electrolyte inside the cell.

A charge transfer material comprising a basic compound having negative charge and represented by the following general formula (I):(A1-L)n1-A2·M  (I), wherein A1 represents a group having negative charge; A2 represents a basic group; M represents a cation for neutralizing the negative charge of (A1-L)n1-A2; L represents a divalent linking group or a single bond; and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 3. A photoelectric conversion device and a photo-electrochemical cell comprising the charge transfer material. A new nonvolatile pyridine compound, which is a low-viscosity liquid at room temperature, is preferably used for A2.

Catalytic materials, photoanodes, and systems for electrolysis and / or formation of water are provided which can be used for energy storage, particularly in the area of solar energy conversion, and / or production of oxygen and / or hydrogen. Compositions and methods for forming photoanodes and other devices are also provided.

A photoelectrochemical cell which includes a light transmissive enclosure, a semiconductor photoanode disposed within the light transmissive enclosure, a semiconductor photocathode disposed within the light transmissive enclosure, and an electrolytic solution disposed entirely between the semiconductor photoanode and the semiconductor photocathode. This is achieved by the use of semiconductor photoelectrodes (photoanodes and photocathodes) which include a proton exchange membrane having an electrolyte facing surface in contact with the electrolytic solution and a light transmissive wall facing surface, and having a photo electro-catalyst disposed on the light transmissive wall facing surface.

An integrated photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell generates hydrogen and oxygen from water while being illuminated with radiation. The PEC cell employs a liquid electrolyte, a multi-junction photovoltaic electrode, and a thin ion-exchange membrane. A PEC system and a method of making such PEC cell and PEC system are also disclosed.

The invention provides a preparation process of a dendritic titanium dioxide nanotube array electrode, which comprises: firstly, pre-preparing a titanium dioxide nanotube array by using an anodizing method and by using pure titanium foil as an anode and mixed solution of ammonium fluoride, lactic acid and dimethyl sulphoxide as electrolyte; secondly, growing nanorods with dendritic titanium dioxide on the pre-prepared titanium dioxide nanotubes serving as a host skeleton by using a low-temperature liquid-phase method and by using aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and TTIP as growing solution, and thus obtaining the required dendritic titanium dioxide nanotube array; and finally, using the dendritic titanium dioxide nanotube array as a material to assemble the working electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, photoelectrochemical cells, photocatalysis devices and the like. The dendritic titanium dioxide nanotube array can improve the conversion efficiency of the cells and the efficiency of the photocatalytic pollutant degradation considerably; and the preparation process is low in cost, simple in process and easy in production.

An apparatus for splitting water to produce hydrogen having at least one photoelectrochemical cell. The photoelectrochemical cell includes at least one water permeable photoelectrode having a light sensitive, nano-crystalline catalytic material layer, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a metallic substrate disposed between the light sensitive nano-crystalline catalytic material layer and the polymer electrolyte membrane adjacent to the polymer electrolyte membrane layer, and at least one photovoltaic device connected in series to the light sensitive nano-crystalline material layer and disposed between the light sensitive nano-crystalline catalytic material layer and the metallic substrate layer.

Mixtures and light-emitting devices that incorporate such mixtures are disclosed in which a soluble phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) copolymer (“superyellow”) is used as the host light-emitting polymer and methyltrioctylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, an ionic liquid, is used to introduce a dilute concentration of mobile ions into the emitting polymer layer. These mixtures and devices incorporating them are able to combine some of the characteristics of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs).

A method of growing crystals on two-dimensional layered material is provided that includes reversibly hydrogenating a two-dimensional layered material, using a controlled radio-frequency hydrogen plasma, depositing Pt atoms on the reversibly hydrogenated two-dimensional layered material, using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), where the reversibly hydrogenated two-dimensional layered material promotes loss of methyl groups in an ALD Pt precursor, and forming Pt—O on the reversibly hydrogenated two-dimensional layered material, using combustion by O2, where the Pt—O is used for subsequent Pt half-cycles of the ALD process, where growth of Pt crystals occurs.

The invention provides a water-soluble fast reaction kinetics couple-based photoelectrochemical energy storage battery. When the battery is charged, in-situ transformation of light energy into chemical energy is achieved by using photoelectrochemical reaction driven by self-bias of narrow band gap photoelectrodes and the chemical energy is stored into an active material of a battery electrolyte; and when the battery is discharged, electrochemical reaction is carried out, thereby achieving transformation of the chemical energy into electric energy. The photoelectrochemical energy storage battery integrates a photoelectrochemical battery and a flow battery; the disadvantage that a solar cell cannot achieve electric energy storage is overcome; meanwhile, a single charging mode of the energy storage battery is also expanded; and solar energy in-situ transformation, storage and controllable utilization without assistance of external bias are achieved. Water-soluble fast reaction kinetics redox couples are adopted as the active material; the utilization rate of photo-induced carriers on the surfaces of photoelectrodes is close to 100%; meanwhile, the discharge power density of the battery can reach 0.5W / cm<2>; large-scale amplification can be achieved; and the photoelectrochemical energy storage battery is suitable for different scales of solar energy-energy storage-power generation processes.