191 results about "Supporting electrolyte" patented technology

The invention discloses a zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring and mixing a solvent, deionized water and a cosolvent, adding an electrolyte, stirring until the electrolyte is completely dissolved, then adding a supporting electrolyte and a negative electrode additive, stirring until the supporting electrolyte and the negative electrode additive are completely dissolved, and obtaining the zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte. The multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte of the zinc-bromine flow battery is obtained; the negative electrode cosolvent is dimethylformamide; and the negative electrode additive is at least one of saponin and cinnamyl aldehyde. Saponin molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc electrode, and electronegative carboxyl groups of the saponin molecules form an electrostatic repulsion net in an electric double layer, so that zinc ions are forced to be uniformly dispersed, local ion concentration hot spots are eliminated, and dendritic crystal nucleation is inhibited from the source. In cinnamyl aldehyde, the strong electronegativity of oxygen atoms and the electronegativity of aldehyde oxygen are far higher than those of hydrogen, so that electrons are strongly attracted, adjacent carbon atoms are positively charged, polar adsorption sites are formed, the hydrogen evolution reaction is effectively inhibited, and the stability and the cycle life of the battery are greatly improved.

The invention discloses an aqueous flow battery negative electrode electrolyte based on water-soluble organic disulfide, an application of the aqueous flow battery negative electrode electrolyte and an aqueous flow battery, and belongs to the field of flow batteries. The negative electrode electrolyte comprises a water-soluble aliphatic organic disulfide, a catalyst, a supporting electrolyte and water, wherein the general formula of the water-soluble aliphatic organic disulphide is R-S-S-R, wherein R is alkyl of which the end part contains a hydrophilic group; the catalyst is one or a combination of two of selenium, sulfur and tellurium. The obtained negative electrode electrolyte is used in the flow battery, the flow battery has high energy density, excellent rate capability and excellent long cycle stability, and the cycle capacity retention rate of 2000 cycles is still greater than 95%; meanwhile, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention discloses an aqueous all-iron flow battery negative electrode electrolyte and an aqueous all-iron flow battery, and belongs to the fields of an electrochemical energy storage technology and a flow battery. The aqueous total iron flow battery negative electrode electrolyte comprises an iron ion-containing active substance, a first complexing agent, a second complexing agent and hydrogen evolution inhibitor, a supporting electrolyte and water, and the first complexing agent and the second complexing agent and hydrogen evolution inhibitor are simultaneously combined to iron ions to form a stable chelate with a saturated six-coordinate structure. The first complexing agent is selected from triethanolamine or analogues thereof, and the second complexing agent and hydrogen evolution inhibitor is selected from organic acids having a chelation effect and salts thereof. According to the invention, two complexing agents are combined with the same iron ion at the same time to form a stable six-coordinate structure, so that the problems of capacity fading, low energy efficiency and poor cycling stability caused by iron separation and hydrogen separation due to dissociation of organic matters and ferrous ions in the operation process of the battery are effectively relieved.

The invention discloses an all-vanadium redox flow battery positive electrode electrolyte and a redox flow battery. The positive electrolyte comprises an active substance, a supporting electrolyte and an additive; the active substance comprises VO < 2 + > / VO < 2 + >; the additive comprises transition metal salt; positive ions in the transition metal salt are selected from at least one of Ti < 4 + >, Cr < 3 + >, Mn < 2 + >, Co < 2 + >, Ni < 2 + >, Cu < 2 + >, Cd < 2 + > and Ce < 3 + >; anions are selected from at least one of SO4 < 2->, HSO4 <->, PO4 < 3->, HPO4 < 2->, H2PO4 <->, BrO3 <-> and IO3 <->; the concentration of the transition metal salt is greater than or equal to 0.05 moL / L. The transition metal ions change the surrounding chemical environment of VO < 2 + >, so that the pentavalent vanadium ions are prevented from being dehydrated and condensed to generate V2O5 precipitates, the high-temperature stability of the electrolyte is remarkably improved, and stable and efficient operation can be realized at high temperature.

The invention discloses a zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent, and sequentially adding a supporting electrolyte, a positive electrode complexing agent and a positive electrode additive to obtain a positive electrode electrolyte; the positive electrode additive is zinc iodide; i <-> in zinc iodide and Br2 in a Br2 / Br <-> reaction system form mixed halide ions, so that the bromine resistance function is achieved, and the overall conductivity and comprehensive electrochemical performance of the electrolyte are improved; dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent, and sequentially adding a supporting electrolyte and a first negative electrode additive to obtain a negative electrode electrolyte; the first negative electrode additive comprises sodium acetate and sodium citrate; sodium acetate and sodium citrate are combined to form a wide-range buffer system, the pH value of the electrolyte can be dynamically adjusted and stabilized, the long-term stability of the battery is improved, the cycle life is prolonged, and the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte form the multifunctional electrolyte for the zinc-bromine flow battery; and the zinc deposition behavior is cooperatively regulated and controlled through sodium salt buffering and ion coordination.

The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and provides a high-current-density long-circulation zinc-bromine flow battery negative electrode electrolyte and battery preparation. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm, positive and negative electrolyte, a current collector and an end plate, the diaphragm is a cation exchange membrane; and the negative electrode electrolyte comprises a metal salt, a supporting electrolyte, an organic carboxylate complexing agent and deionized water. The organic carboxylate complexing agent disclosed by the invention can be adsorbed on a porous electrode, and by increasing zinc deposition sites, inhibiting two-dimensional interface diffusion and promoting zinc mass transfer, zinc dendrites are relieved, and the zinc-bromine flow battery with high current density and long circulation stability is realized.

The invention provides a method for degrading a perfluoroalkyl compound by activating peroxymonosulfate based on a graphite electrode. Comprising the following steps: step 1, pretreatment of a graphite rod electrode: soaking the graphite rod electrode in a sulfuric acid solution to remove surface impurities; step 2, preparing an electrolyte: preparing the electrolyte containing a perfluoroalkyl compound to be degraded, a background supporting electrolyte and peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and fully stirring to ensure uniform distribution; and step 3, inserting the pretreated graphite rod electrode into electrolyte in an electrolytic bath, adjusting current and voltage, and carrying out electrolysis under the condition of solution stirring. According to the method, the feasibility of activating the PMS to degrade the perfluoroalkyl compound by the low-oxygen-evolution-potential electrode is proved for the first time, and the cognitive limitation of the traditional technology is broken through; the prior art generally depends on a high oxygen evolution potential electrode (such as a BDD electrode, and the oxygen evolution potential is larger than 2.0 V / SHE) to activate PMS so as to degrade perfluoroalkyl compounds.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing carbonate, a copper precursor, a silver precursor and a supporting electrolyte, and heating the mixture to 400-600 DEG C in a protective atmosphere to obtain a molten electrolyte; 2) introducing a protective atmosphere into a gas washing bottle containing deionized water, and continuously introducing gas flowing out of the gas washing bottle into the bottom of the molten electrolyte; and (3) taking a graphite sheet or a metal sheet as a cathode, taking a graphite rod as an anode, applying 1.8-2.5 V constant voltage or 100-300 mA. Cm <-2 > constant current to electrolyze for 0.5-10 hours, taking out the cathode, scraping off powder on the surface, and performing ultrasonic washing and drying. The preparation of the high-load and high-dispersion copper-silver double-monatomic alloy catalyst is realized, and the preparation method has the advantages of simple synthesis method, good process controllability, low production cost, environmental friendliness, high electrolytic efficiency and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and discloses a supported electrolyte of all-vanadium redox flow battery positive and negative electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and the supported electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution containing vanadium ions, sulfonate ions, sulfate ions and phosphonic acid groups. The sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) has strong polarity and high ionization degree, after the sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) is mixed with the phosphonic acid group (-PO3H2) and sulfuric acid, the ionic environment of the electrolyte can be optimized, the activation energy of V (II) / V (III) and V (IV) / V (V) electricity on electron transfer is reduced, and compared with an existing sulfuric acid supported electrolyte, the reversibility of electrochemical reaction is remarkably improved, and the electrochemical activity of the electrolyte is enhanced; meanwhile, phosphonic acid groups have high complexing ability, can form stable chelates with vanadium ions and can form complexing-dispersing synergy with sulfonic acid groups, the solubility of the vanadium ions is improved, and agglomeration and crystallization of the vanadium ions are inhibited.

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature batteries, and discloses a low-temperature-resistant organic flow battery electrolyte preparation method, which comprises: S1, optimizing the composition and the ratio of an electrolyte, selecting a bipolar porphyrin molecule as an active material, a low-viscosity ionic liquid as a supporting electrolyte, and an ultra-low freezing point solvent as a co-solvent, a pi-pi stacking reinforcing agent is added; s2, optimizing an active molecular structure through quantum chemistry calculation, and calculating HOMO-LUMO energy level difference, so that the HOMO-LUMO energy level difference is in an interval of 3.0 eV to 5.0 eV; and S3, calculating and adjusting molecular configuration and bond length through a quantum tunneling effect. By introducing the technical scheme of combining the quantum tunneling effect and the electrochemical stability, the effect of maintaining the stability of the battery in a low-temperature environment is realized, and the accurate low-temperature battery performance evaluation method is provided by combining molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification. The defect of battery behavior prediction in a low-temperature environment in the traditional technology is overcome.

The invention relates to the technical field of redox flow batteries, and discloses a low-temperature-resistant redox flow battery electrolyte, a preparation method and a zinc-bromine redox flow battery, the low-temperature-resistant redox flow battery electrolyte comprises water, an electrolyte salt, a supporting electrolyte, a 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive and an alcohol solvent. Wherein the 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive has a dual regulation and control function, and can synchronously solve the problems of a multi-bromide shuttle effect and irreversibility of a zinc negative electrode, so that the high-performance zinc-bromine flow battery is constructed. The alcohol solvent not only has little influence on the conductivity and viscosity of the electrolyte, but also can reduce the freezing point of the electrolyte and improve the reaction kinetics of zinc under the low-temperature condition. Through interaction of the alcohol solvent and the 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive, the zinc-bromine flow battery can operate more stably and efficiently in a low-temperature environment, and the problem of low energy efficiency of the zinc-bromine flow battery in the prior art under the low-temperature condition is solved.

The invention discloses a seawater chemical oxygen demand determination method based on bias voltage photoelectric oxidation, and relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seawater and performing pretreatment to obtain a seawater sample; adding supporting electrolyte into the seawater sample to obtain an electrolytic water sample; the method comprises the following steps: injecting an electrolysis water sample into a photoelectrochemical reaction tank, applying bias voltage to a working electrode by taking Ag / AgCl as a reference electrode, and turning on a light source with a specific wavelength for irradiation; carrying out an oxidation reaction in the photoelectrochemical reaction tank, and after the oxidation reaction of the organic matter is complete, obtaining a steady-state photocurrent with a stable current signal; according to a preset steady-state light current-COD concentration curve, a COD measured value is obtained, the COD standard concentration value is corrected according to the water temperature and the salinity, and a COD corrected value is obtained. An adjustable tiny external bias voltage is introduced to cooperate with light source irradiation, so that rapid, accurate and high-anti-interference measurement of COD in seawater is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and provides a negative electrode electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and a zinc-bromine flow battery. The negative electrode electrolyte comprises the following components: zinc bromide, supporting electrolyte, a negative electrode additive and water, and the negative electrode additive comprises malic acid; and the concentrations of the zinc bromide, the supporting electrolyte and the malic acid in the negative electrode electrolyte are 2.0 to 2.5 mol / L, 2.0 to 3.0 mol / L and 0.02 to 0.04 mol / L respectively. Zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction are effectively inhibited, and cooperative improvement of coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency is achieved. Therefore, the malic acid is introduced into the negative electrode electrolyte, so that the zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution reaction in the zinc-bromine flow battery can be effectively inhibited, and the cooperative improvement of coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency is realized.

The invention discloses a polyether polyurethane solid polymer, a preparation method thereof and application of the polyether polyurethane solid polymer in a solid electrolyte, and belongs to the technical field of polymer electrolytes and preparation of the polymer electrolytes. The problems that an existing solid polymer electrolyte is low in ionic conductivity and poor in interface stability are solved. According to the invention, polyether amine and cyclic carbonate are subjected to an in-situ polymerization reaction to synthesize a series of polyether polyurethane solid polymer electrolytes with different molecular weights and monomer proportions. The obtained polyether polyurethane solid polymer electrolyte contains rich carbamate groups, hydroxyl groups, fluorine ions and the like, and can form a strong reversible hydrogen bond network, so that the electrolyte has excellent mechanical properties, can be used as a self-supporting electrolyte membrane, and does not need an additional diaphragm. Meanwhile, a large number of dynamic reversible hydrogen bonds also enable the solid polymer electrolyte to have excellent self-healing ability, and can be self-repaired when the battery is damaged by external force in the operation process, so that the structural stability of the solid polymer electrolyte is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses an electrolyte for a high-surface-capacity zinc-bromine flow battery as well as a preparation method and application of the electrolyte. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm, positive and negative electrolyte, a current collector and an end plate, both the positive electrode and the negative electrode adopt carbon felt electrodes, the diaphragm is a cation exchange membrane, and the positive and negative electrolyte is composed of a metal salt, a supporting electrolyte, an organic sulfonate complexing agent and deionized water. The organic sulfonate complexing agent can regulate and control the solvation structure of zinc ions and reduce the content of active water, so that the hydrogen evolution side reaction is effectively inhibited. Besides, the complexing agent can be adsorbed on the surface of deposited zinc atoms, inhibit diffusion of zinc on a two-dimensional interface and induce preferential deposition of a Zn (002) crystal face, so that formation of zinc dendrites is effectively relieved, the surface capacity of the battery is improved, and long-cycle stable operation is realized. According to the electrolyte formula and the application thereof provided by the invention, the cycle life and the performance stability of the zinc-bromine flow battery can be remarkably improved, and the electrolyte formula has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to a flow battery electrolyte and an application thereof. The flow battery electrolyte comprises vanadium ions, a supporting electrolyte and an additive, the additive is selected from one, two or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. According to the vanadium battery electrolyte provided by one embodiment of the invention, the specific additive is added, so that vanadium ions can be in a liquid state or a microemulsion state, separation or precipitation of the vanadium ions is prevented, and the efficiency of the battery is remarkably improved.

Disclosed in the present invention are a positive electrode electrolyte of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, and a flow battery. The positive electrode electrolyte comprises an active material, a supporting electrolyte and an additive, wherein the active material comprises VO2 + / VO2+; and the additive comprises a transition metal salt, cations in the transition metal salt are selected from at least one of Ti4+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ce3+, anions are selected from at least one of SO4 2-, HSO4 -, PO4 3-, HPO4 2-, H2PO4 -, BrO3 - and IO3 -, and the concentration of the transition metal salt is greater than or equal to 0.05 moL L-1. In the present application, by changing the chemical environment around VO2 + via transition metal ions, pentavalent vanadium ions are prevented from dehydration condensation to generate a V2O5 precipitate; therefore, the high-temperature stability of the electrolyte is significantly improved, and stable and efficient operation can be achieved at a high temperature.

A zinc / bromine flow battery comprises an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an active substance, a supporting electrolyte, and an additive. The additive is selected from at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The use of the additive can regulate the deposition morphology of zinc and suppress zinc dendrites, and can also inhibit the diffusion of bromine on the positive electrode side, thereby improving the coulombic efficiency of the battery. Moreover, the complex product formed by the additive complexed with bromine does not produce solids during long-term cycling, whereas the complex product of conventional MEP in the later stage of battery cycling forms solids which are unevenly distributed on the electrode surface, reducing the voltage efficiency of the battery and shortening the service life of the battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and particularly relates to a long-circulation alkaline zinc-manganese flow battery electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The alkaline zinc-manganese flow battery electrolyte provided by the invention comprises the supporting electrolyte and the additive, and active substances in the additive and the electrolyte play a synergistic effect, so that dendritic crystal growth and self-corrosion of an anode of a zinc-manganese flow battery are effectively inhibited; according to the alkaline zinc-manganese flow battery electrolyte, under the current density of 80mA cm <-2 >, the coulombic efficiency reaches 97.1%, the energy efficiency reaches 85%, the cycle life can be prolonged from 45h to 160h, the problem of short cycle life caused by non-uniform zinc deposition of a traditional zinc-manganese flow battery is solved, and the alkaline zinc-manganese flow battery electrolyte has the characteristics of low cost, environment friendliness and simple process.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment and energy recovery, and particularly relates to a self-driven electro-catalysis system for activating persulfate to degrade antibiotics and application of the self-driven electro-catalysis system. The invention provides a self-driven electro-catalysis system for activating persulfate to degrade antibiotics. The self-driven electro-catalysis system comprises a reaction unit, an electrolyte and an external circuit wire, the reaction unit comprises a cobalt sheet anode and a carbon rod cathode; the external circuit lead is used for connecting the cobalt sheet anode and the carbon rod cathode; and an electrolyte in the electrolyte solution comprises Na2SO4. According to the self-driven electro-catalysis system, in a wastewater solution containing antibiotics, persulfate and supporting electrolyte, an external power source is not needed, spontaneous electron transmission is formed through the potential difference of the cobalt sheet anode and the carbon rod cathode, and self-driven PMS activation and antibiotic pollutant degradation are achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ultrathin self-supporting composite solid-state electrolyte membrane and a solid-state battery, and relates to the technical field of solid-state electrolyte. The binary composite cross membrane with the ion-conducting characteristic and the high-strength heat-resistant characteristic is prepared through synchronous electrostatic spinning, and the binary composite cross membrane is composed of ion-conducting polymer fibers and a high-strength heat-resistant fiber matrix; and then repeatedly carrying out vacuum impregnation-drying on the sulfide electrolyte slurry in the composite membrane, and finally rolling to obtain the ultrathin high-ion-conductivity high-temperature-resistant self-supporting electrolyte membrane. The mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the electrolyte membrane can be considered, meanwhile, an effective transmission path of ions in the middle layer is increased, and the tortuosity of the ion transmission process is reduced, so that the ion transmission characteristic of the electrolyte membrane is improved.

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a nonaqueous electrolyte capable of reducing the increase in electric resistance of a lithium ion secondary battery reusing an electrode. The method for manufacturing a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery herein disclosed includes the steps of: mixing a prescribed organic solvent and a support electrolyte; and immersing a positive electrode active material, which has been previously subjected to a charging treatment as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, in a mixed solution obtained by such mixing.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an electrolyte of a full-cerium flow battery, and belongs to the field of flow batteries. The negative electrode electrolyte comprises tetravalent cerium salt, a chelating agent, supporting electrolyte and oxygen-free deionized water; the positive electrode electrolyte comprises a trivalent cerium salt, a dissolution promoter and oxygen-free deionized water; the chelating agent is one or more of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid and other carboxylic acid substances. And the negative electrode is prepared by adding a carboxylic acid chelating agent into tetravalent cerium salt and supporting electrolyte. According to the obtained electrolyte, introduction of other active element impurities is reduced, the solubility of the cerium salt is improved by adding the carboxylic acid chelating agent, the redox potential of the negative cerium salt is adjusted to be more negative, the voltage of a flow battery composed of the negative cerium salt and the trivalent cerium salt is improved, and the service life of the flow battery is prolonged. And the application fields of the all-cerium flow battery in the aspects of new energy automobiles, photovoltaic energy storage, wind energy storage and the like are increased.

The invention provides a flow battery containing a thiosulfate and potassium sulfide mixed electrolyte, a negative electrode electrolyte is a mixed solution formed by dissolving thiosulfate and potassium sulfide in a supporting electrolyte solution, the concentration of thiosulfate ions (S2O3 < 2->) is 0.1-2 mol / L, and the molar ratio of potassium sulfide (K2S) to potassium thiosulfate (K2S2O3) ranges from 1: 0.2 to 1: 2; and the supporting electrolyte is an alkaline or neutral electrolyte solution with the concentration of 1-3 mol / L. By introducing thiosulfate radical (S2O3 < 2->), the thiosulfate radical and elemental sulfur form a soluble polythiosulfate complex in a negative electrode electrolyte, solid sulfur deposition is effectively inhibited, and the problems of electrode pore blockage, flow channel blockage, active substance loss and the like caused by solid sulfur deposition in an existing polysulfide or sulfide system flow battery are solved.

The invention provides a preparation method of an organic carbonyl cobalt compound, which comprises the following steps: preparing an acetonitrile solution taking 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a supporting electrolyte at a cathode of a double-cell electrolytic tank, and adding cobalt salt, metal nickel powder and 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyne into the cathode; preparing dilute sulphuric acid for an anode; taking a carbon electrode of a copper-zinc catalyst as a working electrode for reduction reaction, a silver wire as a reference electrode and a platinum net as a counter electrode, connecting with an electrochemical workstation, introducing carbon dioxide into a cathode, controlling the flow rate to be 3-5mL / min, and applying constant potential for reaction; filtering after the reaction is finished, and performing post-treatment on the obtained filtrate to obtain a crude product; carbon dioxide is used as an alternative source of carbon monoxide, an electrochemical reduction method is used for replacing a reducing agent, the organic carbonyl cobalt compound is synthesized by a one-pot method under the action of the metal catalyst, the process is novel and simple, the condition is mild, and the synthesis efficiency is high.

The invention relates to a Pt-Pd composite electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a conductive substrate in an electro-deposition liquid, taking the conductive substrate as a working electrode, sequentially carrying out first electro-deposition and second electro-deposition, and forming a Pt-Pd composite catalyst layer on the surface of the conductive substrate to prepare the Pt-Pd composite electrode, the electro-deposition liquid comprises a platinum source, a palladium source and a supporting electrolyte. The Pt-Pd composite electrode is prepared through cooperation of Pt and Pb, the structural stability of the electrode is remarkably improved, meanwhile, layer-by-layer growth of catalytic particles is achieved in the mode that first electrodeposition and second electrodeposition are combined, it is guaranteed that catalytic active sites are fully exposed, it is also guaranteed that the binding force between a plating layer and a substrate is extremely high, and the service life of the plating layer is prolonged. The electrode is used for electrochemically synthesizing ammonia, has relatively high Faraday efficiency, is particularly suitable for long-term operation under high current density, and has a good industrial application prospect.

An electrocatalytic method includes passing current through a catalytic cathode in a reactor including an aqueous solution including the muconic acid, a supporting electrolyte, and an anode, so as to hydrogenate the muconic acid to yield a product including 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, 2-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, adipic acid, or a mixture thereof. An electrocatalytic method includes passing current through a catalytic cathode in a reactor including an aqueous solution including an organic substrate, a supporting electrolyte, and an anode, so as to electrocatalytically convert the organic substrate, wherein the aqueous solution includes a fermentation broth including the organic substrate and including one or more catalyst poisons that reduce catalytic activity of the catalytic cathode; removing one or more catalyst poisons from the catalytic cathode to form a rejuvenated catalytic cathode; and reusing the rejuvenated catalytic cathode in the method.

A method for the purification of a reaction crude can include employing one or more electrodeionization modules each including a cathode, an anode, and at least one ion-depletion compartment interposed between pairs of ion-concentration compartments. Each ion-concentration compartment can contain an ion-exchange medium. The method can include passing a reaction crude through each ion depletion compartment. The reaction crude can be produced from a process including at least one ionic species. The method can include supplying current between the anode and the cathode. The method can include recovering an ion-depleted stream from each ion-depletion compartment. The method can include recovering the ionic or ionizable species from each ion-concentration compartment.

The application provides a PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrode comprises a conductive substrate and a PdAg alloy catalytic layer deposited on the surface of the substrate; the PdAg alloy catalytic layer has a three-dimensional space structure composed of PdAg alloy particle accumulation. The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps: mixing a palladium salt, a silver salt and a supporting electrolyte, heating to a molten state in a protective atmosphere to obtain a molten salt electrolyte; taking the conductive substrate as a cathode, taking the molten salt electrolyte as an electrolyte, setting an anode, applying a constant voltage or a constant current for electrolysis, taking out the cathode after electrolysis, and washing to obtain the PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode. The application also provides the PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode obtained by the above preparation method and application of the electrode in electrocatalytic preparation of ethylene oxide from ethylene. The electrode has high selectivity and catalytic activity in an electrocatalytic reaction.