138 results about "Supporting electrolyte" patented technology

The invention discloses a zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring and mixing a solvent, deionized water and a cosolvent, adding an electrolyte, stirring until the electrolyte is completely dissolved, then adding a supporting electrolyte and a negative electrode additive, stirring until the supporting electrolyte and the negative electrode additive are completely dissolved, and obtaining the zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte. The multifunctional negative electrode electrolyte of the zinc-bromine flow battery is obtained; the negative electrode cosolvent is dimethylformamide; and the negative electrode additive is at least one of saponin and cinnamyl aldehyde. Saponin molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc electrode, and electronegative carboxyl groups of the saponin molecules form an electrostatic repulsion net in an electric double layer, so that zinc ions are forced to be uniformly dispersed, local ion concentration hot spots are eliminated, and dendritic crystal nucleation is inhibited from the source. In cinnamyl aldehyde, the strong electronegativity of oxygen atoms and the electronegativity of aldehyde oxygen are far higher than those of hydrogen, so that electrons are strongly attracted, adjacent carbon atoms are positively charged, polar adsorption sites are formed, the hydrogen evolution reaction is effectively inhibited, and the stability and the cycle life of the battery are greatly improved.

The invention discloses an aqueous flow battery negative electrode electrolyte based on water-soluble organic disulfide, an application of the aqueous flow battery negative electrode electrolyte and an aqueous flow battery, and belongs to the field of flow batteries. The negative electrode electrolyte comprises a water-soluble aliphatic organic disulfide, a catalyst, a supporting electrolyte and water, wherein the general formula of the water-soluble aliphatic organic disulphide is R-S-S-R, wherein R is alkyl of which the end part contains a hydrophilic group; the catalyst is one or a combination of two of selenium, sulfur and tellurium. The obtained negative electrode electrolyte is used in the flow battery, the flow battery has high energy density, excellent rate capability and excellent long cycle stability, and the cycle capacity retention rate of 2000 cycles is still greater than 95%; meanwhile, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention discloses a zinc-bromine flow battery multifunctional electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent, and sequentially adding a supporting electrolyte, a positive electrode complexing agent and a positive electrode additive to obtain a positive electrode electrolyte; the positive electrode additive is zinc iodide; i <-> in zinc iodide and Br2 in a Br2 / Br <-> reaction system form mixed halide ions, so that the bromine resistance function is achieved, and the overall conductivity and comprehensive electrochemical performance of the electrolyte are improved; dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent, and sequentially adding a supporting electrolyte and a first negative electrode additive to obtain a negative electrode electrolyte; the first negative electrode additive comprises sodium acetate and sodium citrate; sodium acetate and sodium citrate are combined to form a wide-range buffer system, the pH value of the electrolyte can be dynamically adjusted and stabilized, the long-term stability of the battery is improved, the cycle life is prolonged, and the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte form the multifunctional electrolyte for the zinc-bromine flow battery; and the zinc deposition behavior is cooperatively regulated and controlled through sodium salt buffering and ion coordination.

The invention relates to the technical field of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and discloses a supported electrolyte of all-vanadium redox flow battery positive and negative electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and the supported electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution containing vanadium ions, sulfonate ions, sulfate ions and phosphonic acid groups. The sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) has strong polarity and high ionization degree, after the sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) is mixed with the phosphonic acid group (-PO3H2) and sulfuric acid, the ionic environment of the electrolyte can be optimized, the activation energy of V (II) / V (III) and V (IV) / V (V) electricity on electron transfer is reduced, and compared with an existing sulfuric acid supported electrolyte, the reversibility of electrochemical reaction is remarkably improved, and the electrochemical activity of the electrolyte is enhanced; meanwhile, phosphonic acid groups have high complexing ability, can form stable chelates with vanadium ions and can form complexing-dispersing synergy with sulfonic acid groups, the solubility of the vanadium ions is improved, and agglomeration and crystallization of the vanadium ions are inhibited.

The invention relates to the technical field of redox flow batteries, and discloses a low-temperature-resistant redox flow battery electrolyte, a preparation method and a zinc-bromine redox flow battery, the low-temperature-resistant redox flow battery electrolyte comprises water, an electrolyte salt, a supporting electrolyte, a 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive and an alcohol solvent. Wherein the 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive has a dual regulation and control function, and can synchronously solve the problems of a multi-bromide shuttle effect and irreversibility of a zinc negative electrode, so that the high-performance zinc-bromine flow battery is constructed. The alcohol solvent not only has little influence on the conductivity and viscosity of the electrolyte, but also can reduce the freezing point of the electrolyte and improve the reaction kinetics of zinc under the low-temperature condition. Through interaction of the alcohol solvent and the 2-phenylbenzopyran type cationic additive, the zinc-bromine flow battery can operate more stably and efficiently in a low-temperature environment, and the problem of low energy efficiency of the zinc-bromine flow battery in the prior art under the low-temperature condition is solved.

The invention discloses a seawater chemical oxygen demand determination method based on bias voltage photoelectric oxidation, and relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seawater and performing pretreatment to obtain a seawater sample; adding supporting electrolyte into the seawater sample to obtain an electrolytic water sample; the method comprises the following steps: injecting an electrolysis water sample into a photoelectrochemical reaction tank, applying bias voltage to a working electrode by taking Ag / AgCl as a reference electrode, and turning on a light source with a specific wavelength for irradiation; carrying out an oxidation reaction in the photoelectrochemical reaction tank, and after the oxidation reaction of the organic matter is complete, obtaining a steady-state photocurrent with a stable current signal; according to a preset steady-state light current-COD concentration curve, a COD measured value is obtained, the COD standard concentration value is corrected according to the water temperature and the salinity, and a COD corrected value is obtained. An adjustable tiny external bias voltage is introduced to cooperate with light source irradiation, so that rapid, accurate and high-anti-interference measurement of COD in seawater is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and provides a negative electrode electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and a zinc-bromine flow battery. The negative electrode electrolyte comprises the following components: zinc bromide, supporting electrolyte, a negative electrode additive and water, and the negative electrode additive comprises malic acid; and the concentrations of the zinc bromide, the supporting electrolyte and the malic acid in the negative electrode electrolyte are 2.0 to 2.5 mol / L, 2.0 to 3.0 mol / L and 0.02 to 0.04 mol / L respectively. Zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction are effectively inhibited, and cooperative improvement of coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency is achieved. Therefore, the malic acid is introduced into the negative electrode electrolyte, so that the zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution reaction in the zinc-bromine flow battery can be effectively inhibited, and the cooperative improvement of coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency is realized.

The invention discloses a polyether polyurethane solid polymer, a preparation method thereof and application of the polyether polyurethane solid polymer in a solid electrolyte, and belongs to the technical field of polymer electrolytes and preparation of the polymer electrolytes. The problems that an existing solid polymer electrolyte is low in ionic conductivity and poor in interface stability are solved. According to the invention, polyether amine and cyclic carbonate are subjected to an in-situ polymerization reaction to synthesize a series of polyether polyurethane solid polymer electrolytes with different molecular weights and monomer proportions. The obtained polyether polyurethane solid polymer electrolyte contains rich carbamate groups, hydroxyl groups, fluorine ions and the like, and can form a strong reversible hydrogen bond network, so that the electrolyte has excellent mechanical properties, can be used as a self-supporting electrolyte membrane, and does not need an additional diaphragm. Meanwhile, a large number of dynamic reversible hydrogen bonds also enable the solid polymer electrolyte to have excellent self-healing ability, and can be self-repaired when the battery is damaged by external force in the operation process, so that the structural stability of the solid polymer electrolyte is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a flow battery electrolyte and an application thereof. The flow battery electrolyte comprises vanadium ions, a supporting electrolyte and an additive, the additive is selected from one, two or more of ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. According to the vanadium battery electrolyte provided by one embodiment of the invention, the specific additive is added, so that vanadium ions can be in a liquid state or a microemulsion state, separation or precipitation of the vanadium ions is prevented, and the efficiency of the battery is remarkably improved.

A zinc / bromine flow battery comprises an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an active substance, a supporting electrolyte, and an additive. The additive is selected from at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The use of the additive can regulate the deposition morphology of zinc and suppress zinc dendrites, and can also inhibit the diffusion of bromine on the positive electrode side, thereby improving the coulombic efficiency of the battery. Moreover, the complex product formed by the additive complexed with bromine does not produce solids during long-term cycling, whereas the complex product of conventional MEP in the later stage of battery cycling forms solids which are unevenly distributed on the electrode surface, reducing the voltage efficiency of the battery and shortening the service life of the battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment and energy recovery, and particularly relates to a self-driven electro-catalysis system for activating persulfate to degrade antibiotics and application of the self-driven electro-catalysis system. The invention provides a self-driven electro-catalysis system for activating persulfate to degrade antibiotics. The self-driven electro-catalysis system comprises a reaction unit, an electrolyte and an external circuit wire, the reaction unit comprises a cobalt sheet anode and a carbon rod cathode; the external circuit lead is used for connecting the cobalt sheet anode and the carbon rod cathode; and an electrolyte in the electrolyte solution comprises Na2SO4. According to the self-driven electro-catalysis system, in a wastewater solution containing antibiotics, persulfate and supporting electrolyte, an external power source is not needed, spontaneous electron transmission is formed through the potential difference of the cobalt sheet anode and the carbon rod cathode, and self-driven PMS activation and antibiotic pollutant degradation are achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ultrathin self-supporting composite solid-state electrolyte membrane and a solid-state battery, and relates to the technical field of solid-state electrolyte. The binary composite cross membrane with the ion-conducting characteristic and the high-strength heat-resistant characteristic is prepared through synchronous electrostatic spinning, and the binary composite cross membrane is composed of ion-conducting polymer fibers and a high-strength heat-resistant fiber matrix; and then repeatedly carrying out vacuum impregnation-drying on the sulfide electrolyte slurry in the composite membrane, and finally rolling to obtain the ultrathin high-ion-conductivity high-temperature-resistant self-supporting electrolyte membrane. The mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the electrolyte membrane can be considered, meanwhile, an effective transmission path of ions in the middle layer is increased, and the tortuosity of the ion transmission process is reduced, so that the ion transmission characteristic of the electrolyte membrane is improved.

The invention provides a flow battery containing a thiosulfate and potassium sulfide mixed electrolyte, a negative electrode electrolyte is a mixed solution formed by dissolving thiosulfate and potassium sulfide in a supporting electrolyte solution, the concentration of thiosulfate ions (S2O3 < 2->) is 0.1-2 mol / L, and the molar ratio of potassium sulfide (K2S) to potassium thiosulfate (K2S2O3) ranges from 1: 0.2 to 1: 2; and the supporting electrolyte is an alkaline or neutral electrolyte solution with the concentration of 1-3 mol / L. By introducing thiosulfate radical (S2O3 < 2->), the thiosulfate radical and elemental sulfur form a soluble polythiosulfate complex in a negative electrode electrolyte, solid sulfur deposition is effectively inhibited, and the problems of electrode pore blockage, flow channel blockage, active substance loss and the like caused by solid sulfur deposition in an existing polysulfide or sulfide system flow battery are solved.

The invention relates to a Pt-Pd composite electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a conductive substrate in an electro-deposition liquid, taking the conductive substrate as a working electrode, sequentially carrying out first electro-deposition and second electro-deposition, and forming a Pt-Pd composite catalyst layer on the surface of the conductive substrate to prepare the Pt-Pd composite electrode, the electro-deposition liquid comprises a platinum source, a palladium source and a supporting electrolyte. The Pt-Pd composite electrode is prepared through cooperation of Pt and Pb, the structural stability of the electrode is remarkably improved, meanwhile, layer-by-layer growth of catalytic particles is achieved in the mode that first electrodeposition and second electrodeposition are combined, it is guaranteed that catalytic active sites are fully exposed, it is also guaranteed that the binding force between a plating layer and a substrate is extremely high, and the service life of the plating layer is prolonged. The electrode is used for electrochemically synthesizing ammonia, has relatively high Faraday efficiency, is particularly suitable for long-term operation under high current density, and has a good industrial application prospect.

An electrocatalytic method includes passing current through a catalytic cathode in a reactor including an aqueous solution including the muconic acid, a supporting electrolyte, and an anode, so as to hydrogenate the muconic acid to yield a product including 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, 2-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, adipic acid, or a mixture thereof. An electrocatalytic method includes passing current through a catalytic cathode in a reactor including an aqueous solution including an organic substrate, a supporting electrolyte, and an anode, so as to electrocatalytically convert the organic substrate, wherein the aqueous solution includes a fermentation broth including the organic substrate and including one or more catalyst poisons that reduce catalytic activity of the catalytic cathode; removing one or more catalyst poisons from the catalytic cathode to form a rejuvenated catalytic cathode; and reusing the rejuvenated catalytic cathode in the method.

A method for the purification of a reaction crude can include employing one or more electrodeionization modules each including a cathode, an anode, and at least one ion-depletion compartment interposed between pairs of ion-concentration compartments. Each ion-concentration compartment can contain an ion-exchange medium. The method can include passing a reaction crude through each ion depletion compartment. The reaction crude can be produced from a process including at least one ionic species. The method can include supplying current between the anode and the cathode. The method can include recovering an ion-depleted stream from each ion-depletion compartment. The method can include recovering the ionic or ionizable species from each ion-concentration compartment.

The application provides a PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrode comprises a conductive substrate and a PdAg alloy catalytic layer deposited on the surface of the substrate; the PdAg alloy catalytic layer has a three-dimensional space structure composed of PdAg alloy particle accumulation. The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps: mixing a palladium salt, a silver salt and a supporting electrolyte, heating to a molten state in a protective atmosphere to obtain a molten salt electrolyte; taking the conductive substrate as a cathode, taking the molten salt electrolyte as an electrolyte, setting an anode, applying a constant voltage or a constant current for electrolysis, taking out the cathode after electrolysis, and washing to obtain the PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode. The application also provides the PdAg alloy electrocatalytic electrode obtained by the above preparation method and application of the electrode in electrocatalytic preparation of ethylene oxide from ethylene. The electrode has high selectivity and catalytic activity in an electrocatalytic reaction.

The invention relates to a high-thermal-conductivity nitride whisker reinforced nitride ceramic-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon precursor and an aluminum salt in a solvent containing a supporting electrolyte to obtain a carbon precursor / aluminum salt electrolyte; placing a conductive substrate in a carbon precursor / aluminum salt electrolyte, performing electrochemical deposition to obtain an aluminum / carbon precursor substrate, cutting the aluminum / carbon precursor substrate into a frame-type aluminum / carbon precursor growth substrate, transferring the frame-type aluminum / carbon precursor growth substrate into a graphitization furnace, and performing gradient heating carbon thermal reduction nitridation reaction to obtain an aluminum nitride whisker / porous carbon composite frame after the reaction; mixing the nitride particle powder, a sintering aid and a dispersing agent to obtain mixed slurry; and filling the aluminum nitride whisker / porous carbon composite frame with the mixed slurry, carrying out dry-pressing molding to obtain a composite board, and carrying out hot-pressing calcination to obtain the nitride nanofiber toughened nitride ceramic substrate. Accurate regulation and control of the growth process of the aluminum nitride whiskers are achieved, and the problems that the length-diameter ratio of aluminum nitride nanofibers is low, and distribution is uneven are effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of cyanide-free silver plating solutions and preparation, and discloses a cyanide-free silver plating solution based on composite coordination and double-pulse fine regulation and a preparation method thereof.The cyanide-free silver plating solution comprises silver salt, a composite coordination agent, supporting electrolyte, a pH regulator and a composite functional additive, the silver salt provides silver ions with the concentration being 15-50 g / L, and the composite coordination agent provides silver ions with the concentration being 15-50 g / L; the composite coordination agent is composed of 80-140 g / L of a hydantoin main coordination agent and 15-30 g / L of a nitrogen heterocyclic amide auxiliary coordination agent, the concentration of the supporting electrolyte is 75-130 g / L, the supporting electrolyte is used for enhancing the conductivity of the plating solution, and the pH regulator is used for maintaining the pH value of the plating solution within the alkaline range of 9.0-11.5; the composite functional additive comprises 0.5-4 g / L of a main brightener, 0.1-1.5 g / L of an auxiliary brightener and 5-25 g / L of a grain refiner, and is used for improving the glossiness and compactness of a plating layer; through the preparation method, the difficulty and cost of wastewater treatment during solution plating can be reduced, the environmental protection effect is improved, and the stability of the plating solution during long-term use is improved.

The invention provides an iron-substituted silicon-tungsten heteropolyacid salt electrolyte for a high-capacity flow battery, which takes water as a solvent and comprises an active substance and a supporting electrolyte, the active substance is iron-substituted silicotungstic heteropolyacid salt, the molecular formula of the iron-substituted silicotungstic heteropolyacid salt is K4SiW11O39FeIII.x (H2O), and the iron-substituted silicotungstic heteropolyacid salt is formed by partially substituting tungsten atoms in a Keggin type silicotungstic acid framework by iron atoms; the supporting electrolyte is at least one of acetate, chlorate or sulfate, and the concentration of the supporting electrolyte is 0.1-2M. The electrolyte can be used as a positive electrode and / or negative electrode electrolyte of a flow battery, has the characteristics of high solubility, high stability and high energy density, and effectively solves the problem of low energy density of a traditional flow battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical synthesis and isotope labeling, and particularly discloses a method for preparing a deuterated compound through electrochemical coupling and a special catalyst thereof. According to the invention, a carbon-hydrogen bond halogenation-dehalogenation deuteration process is coupled, a specific noble metal nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst is screened and applied as a cathode and anode catalytic material, a brand new electrochemical system is constructed for the first time, and under the environment-friendly reaction conditions of completely no solvent and no supporting electrolyte, through electrochemical driving, the electrochemical performance of the electrochemical system is improved. The selective halogenation of carbon-hydrogen bonds of the anode and the dehalogenation deuteration reaction of the cathode are synchronously realized, the two half reactions are successfully and efficiently coupled in the same reactor, and the deuterated organic compound with high additional value is directly synthesized. According to the method, a large amount of organic solvents and electrolyte salts used in traditional organic synthesis are abandoned, the environmental load and post-treatment difficulty of the reaction are remarkably reduced, and the method has the outstanding advantages of being simple in process, environmentally friendly and high in atom economy.

The invention discloses an aluminum alloy surface functionalized passivation layer construction method based on anhydrous ECMP and application of the aluminum alloy surface functionalized passivation layer construction method in diffusion welding, and belongs to the technical field of metal material surface treatment and connection. According to the method, a non-aqueous electrolyte system with terpilenol as a matrix is adopted, and a phosphorus-doped composite passivation layer with double functions of polishing and welding is constructed on the surface of the aluminum alloy in situ through an electrochemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) process. The water-free electrolyte comprises a supporting electrolyte, a film-forming agent triethyl phosphate, a corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole, a nanometer grinding material and a viscosity modifier. The functional passivation layer can be decomposed in a controlled mode in the diffusion welding process, interface diffusion energy barriers are effectively reduced, aluminum atom mutual diffusion is promoted, and high-quality metallurgical bonding is achieved. According to the method, the technical problem that a natural oxidation film hinders atomic diffusion in aluminum alloy diffusion welding is fundamentally solved, the strength of a diffusion welding joint can reach 90% or above of that of base metal, meanwhile, the diffusion welding temperature is reduced by 20-40 DEG C, the process time is shortened by 30% or above, and the method has remarkable engineering application value.

This invention belongs to the field of organic electrochemical synthesis and microchemical technology, and relates to a method for preparing 2-chlorobenzoic acid by electrochemical reduction debromination in a continuous flow microreactor. The method includes: dissolving 3-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid, a supporting electrolyte, and a proton source in a polar aprotic solvent to prepare a cathode reaction solution; continuously feeding this solution into the cathode channel of a microchannel electrochemical reactor using a metering pump, while simultaneously pumping the anolyte into the anode channel; connecting a DC power supply and conducting a selective electrochemical debromination reaction under set current density, reaction temperature, and material residence time conditions; and obtaining high-purity 2-chlorobenzoic acid from the outlet material through gas-liquid separation, neutralization, extraction, and recrystallization. This invention combines a continuous flow microreactor with electrochemical debromination technology, significantly enhancing mass and heat transfer, resulting in a shorter reaction time, higher conversion and yield, and the addition of a reducing agent, ease of scale-up, and intrinsic safety, demonstrating promising industrial application prospects.

Provided is a porous electrode-supporting electrolyte membrane 20 to be used in a gas reduction device for reducing carbon dioxide, the porous electrode-supporting electrolyte membrane 20 having an electrolyte membrane 6 and a porous reduction electrode 5 embedded in the electrolyte membrane 6, wherein part of the porous reduction electrode 5 is exposed at a prescribed surface of the porous electrode-supporting electrolyte membrane 20.

The present application relates to the technical field of separating coal tar, in particular to a method for enriching naphthalene from coal tar distillate oil, comprising the following preparation steps: S1, mixing coal tar distillate oil with a supporting electrolyte solvent to obtain an electrolyte solution; S2, transferring the electrolyte solution to a three-electrode electrocatalytic reaction device for electrochemical treatment to obtain a solution rich in naphthalene; the working voltage of the electrochemical treatment in S2 is 0.7-1.0 V. The present application adopts the electrochemical treatment mode, under the condition of a specific working voltage, part of the components of the coal tar distillate oil will form polymers on the surface of the working electrode and be separated and removed, so that the coal tar component to be separated with higher purity is obtained.

The invention discloses a hydrogen esterification reaction method taking carbon dioxide as a carbonyl source, and belongs to the field of organic synthesis of application of an electro-catalysis technology. A copper-zinc electrode is applied to carbon dioxide electroreduction, an acetonitrile solution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as supporting electrolyte serves as a carbon dioxide electroreduction solution, dilute sulphuric acid provides a proton source for the carbon dioxide electroreduction solution, carbon dioxide is efficiently and selectively reduced into carbon monoxide mixed gas, the carbon monoxide mixed gas is subjected to a cascade reaction process, and the carbon dioxide is obtained. Removing redundant carbon dioxide from the generated mixed gas through a saturated KOH aqueous solution; and then directly introducing the mixture into an unsaturated hydrocarbon reactor, and directly synthesizing an esterification product in one step under the catalytic action of metal palladium and a phosphine ligand.

The invention concerns the development of molecularly imprinted polymer for label-free capacitive sensing application. The method outlined by the invention involves several steps: a) Pre-treating the surface of the working electrode; b) Electrochemical polymerizing a monomer solution in an electrolyte buffer containing the target template molecule to form an imprinting template film on the electrode surface; c) Washing the electrode to remove unbound molecules; d) Characterizing the formed imprinting template film by cyclic voltammetry in a supporting electrolyte solution to determine its half-wave potential; e) Forming the molecularly imprinted polymer electrode by removing the target template molecule from the synthesized polymer; f) Incubating the obtained molecularly imprinted polymer with the target template for a specified duration; g) Detecting the target template molecule using capacitance-derived electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This method presents significant advantages in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and stability, rendering it highly applicable across numerous industries for enhancing detection, monitoring, and diagnostic capabilities.

The invention belongs to the technical field of flow batteries, and relates to an electrolyte containing a polyanionic electrolyte additive and a flow battery. Comprising a viologen compound, a supporting electrolyte, a solvent and a polyanionic electrolyte additive, the polyanionic electrolyte additive accounts for 0.1%-20% of the electrolyte in percentage by mass; molecules of the polyanionic electrolyte additive are rich in various functional groups with negative charges, and the polyanionic electrolyte additive is used for interfering the pi-pi accumulation behavior of viologen molecules; the polyanionic electrolyte additive is a polymer containing a repetitive unit, and is sodium polystyrenesulfonate, sodium polyacrylate, poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl sodium propanesulfonate) or sodium alginate. By introducing a polymer carrying high-density negative charges in the structure or aggregated inorganic anions, multiple regulation and control effects on viologen molecules in a water-phase environment are realized, aggregation behaviors of reduced molecules of the viologen molecules are remarkably inhibited, and chemical and electrochemical stability of the electrolyte is improved.

This invention relates to an electrochemical lithium-ion sieve-based lithium extraction apparatus and method, belonging to the field of electrochemical lithium extraction. The apparatus and method mainly comprise: a first end plate, a second end plate, and several electrolytic cell units assembled together. The electrolytic cell units are located between the two end plates. After brine and supporting electrolyte enter the electrolytic cell unit, due to the crisscrossing of the flow guide holes on the cathode and anode guide plates, the brine and supporting electrolyte flow to the cathode and anode respectively. Under the action of an electric field, lithium ions in the brine are absorbed by the lithium-deficient ion sieve on the cathode, transforming into lithium-rich ion sieves. Lithium ions from the lithium-rich ion sieve on the anode are released into the supporting electrolyte, transforming into lithium-deficient ion sieves. After draining the brine and supporting electrolyte, the apparatus is rinsed with pure water, and the brine and supporting electrolyte are exchanged, with the current direction changed, repeating the cycle to achieve selective extraction of lithium from the brine.