1469 results about "Battery electrolyte" patented technology

The invention discloses a complex electrolyte additive for a battery, an aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and an aqueous zinc ion battery. The electrolyte additive is a complex containing metal complex ions; the complex is composed of a central ion and an internal ligand. The electrolyte additive can respectively form metal and alloy electrode-electrolyte interfaces on the surface of a zinc negative electrode through replacement and electrochemical reaction, and regulate and control the deposition behavior of zinc ions to inhibit the generation of zinc dendrites and accelerate deposition / dissolution kinetics, so that the service life of the zinc negative electrode is remarkably prolonged, and the rate capability is enhanced; a solvation structure of zinc ions can be regulated and controlled, side reactions such as hydrogen evolution, corrosion and passivation are slowed down, and capacity fading of the water-based zinc ion battery can be remarkably delayed when the positive electrode is coupled with a high-efficiency positive electrode; meanwhile, the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte additive is low in price, green, environment-friendly, high in functionality and beneficial to development of an aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and an aqueous zinc ion battery which are excellent in performance, safe, environment-friendly and low in cost.

The invention relates to an electrolyte additive, an electrolyte and a battery. The electrolyte additive comprises a first additive and lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate, the structural formula of the first additive is as shown in a formula (I): # imgabs0 # formula (I), and in the electrolyte additive, the mass ratio of the first additive to the lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate is 0.02-10. When the electrolyte additive is added into the electrolyte of the battery, the rate capability and the high-temperature performance of the battery can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte as well as preparation and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of battery electrolyte, solves the problems of low thermal stability, low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical property in the prior art, and comprises a bimetallic salt-eutectic solvent and a polymer chain which are dynamically crosslinked and constructed, the bimetallic salt-eutectic solvent comprises lithium ions, heterogeneous metal salt and Lewis base, and the polymer chain is formed by free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). According to the invention, the deep eutectic solvent is introduced as a reaction solution, so that the organic gel monomer is subjected to photopolymerization or thermal polymerization in the solution, the elongation at break can reach more than 500%, the organic gel has excellent mechanical stretchability, a polymer network is formed by utilizing a long-chain molecular formula of a polymer chain, the deep eutectic solution is wrapped in the polymer network, and the organic gel has excellent thermal stability; and the good ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is ensured.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium-ion battery electrolyte, and particularly discloses negative-electrode-free sodium metal battery electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The negative-electrode-free sodium metal battery electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, sodium salt and a sodium supplementing additive; the sodium supplementing additive comprises at least one of sodium trimethylsilanolate and sodium amide. According to the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, through reasonable configuration, a compact solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film) is formed on an electrode-electrolyte interface of the negative-electrode-free sodium metal battery, so that irreversible loss of active sodium in an SEI forming stage is effectively compensated, reversible capacity loss in a circulating process is reduced, and the circulating stability and safety of the battery are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc battery electrolyte, and discloses application of pyridine hydrochloride as an electrolyte additive in stabilizing a zinc negative electrode and realizing four-electron transfer of a zinc-iodine secondary battery. The hydrochloride containing the pyridine structure is used as an electrolyte additive, molecules of the pyridine structure are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode to form a shielding layer, the deposition / stripping reversibility of the zinc negative electrode is improved, stabilization of the zinc negative electrode can be achieved, and the problems of zinc dendritic crystal, corrosion and hydrogen evolution are solved. Meanwhile, molecules with pyridine structures can activate and stabilize I- / I0 / I < + > four-electron redox reaction, inhibit I < + > hydrolysis side reaction and improve the energy density and cycling stability of the zinc-iodine battery. The problem of poor electrochemical deposition / stripping reversibility of a zinc negative electrode and the problem of poor stability of positive valence I < + > species of an iodine positive electrode of a four-electron transfer reaction are solved. The electrolyte containing the additive is low in cost, simple in method, easy to produce and high in practical value.

The invention relates to an aqueous zinc-iodine battery electrolyte containing a phenolic additive, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc-iodine batteries. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of serious multi-iodide shuttling and negative electrode by-products of the existing aqueous zinc-iodine battery. The preparation method of the aqueous zinc-iodine battery electrolyte containing the phenolic additive comprises the following steps: dissolving zinc salt and the phenolic additive in deionized water, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the aqueous zinc-iodine battery electrolyte containing the phenolic additive. The phenolic additive used in the application can accelerate conversion from I3-to I-, accelerate iodine conversion reaction kinetics and reduce generation of polyiodide, so that shuttling of the polyiodide is effectively inhibited, a phenolic additive monomer is adsorbed on the surface of a zinc negative electrode, contact between Zn < 2 + > and water molecules is reduced, and generation of zinc negative electrode by-products is inhibited; the zinc-iodine battery also has the advantages of being easy to manufacture and low in cost.

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte, a preparation method and application. The lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the lithium salt comprises a combination of at least two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluoro bis (oxalato) phosphate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (oxalato) borate, and the organic solvent comprises 30 wt%-50 wt% of hydrofluoroether, 10 wt%-30 wt% of acetate and 20 wt%-60 wt% of carbonate. The lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention can keep the diaphragm structure complete, realizes filling of pores with lithium salt, and reduces the permeability of the diaphragm, thereby controlling possible shrinkage of the diaphragm in a temperature change process under a low-temperature or high-temperature condition; the crosstalk problem caused by gas penetration between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is inhibited, and the battery prepared by utilizing the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention has good cycle performance and rate capability under a low-temperature condition and has relatively high safety under a high-temperature condition.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a negative-electrode-free sodium-ion battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, and the negative-electrode-free sodium-ion battery electrolyte comprises a non-fluorinated conventional ether substance, a fluoroether substance and a sodium salt; the mass percent of the non-fluorinated conventional ether substance, the fluoroether substance and the sodium salt is (5%-85%): (5%-85%): (5%-30%); wherein the non-fluorinated conventional ether substances comprise linear ether and / or cyclic ether. Compared with the traditional carbonic ester electrolyte, the negative-electrode-free sodium ion battery electrolyte provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the transmission rate of sodium ions can be improved, the sodium ions can be subjected to reversible deposition with high coulombic efficiency on a pure current collector, and the overall oxidation stability of the electrolyte is improved; the prepared sodium ion battery without the negative electrode can stably operate under high working voltage and has excellent electrochemical performance.

The invention provides eutectic aqueous aluminum ion battery electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum ion batteries. According to the invention, the eutectic aqueous aluminum ion battery electrolyte is prepared by solid-solid mixing and dissolving of aluminum metal salt and eutectic substances; the aluminum metal salt is selected from at least one of aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate; the eutectic substance is an organic small molecule compound containing amino and ester groups. By screening hydrated aluminum metal salt and eutecticevaporate substances and regulating and controlling the proportion, the prepared electrolyte is applied to aqueous aluminum ion batteries, such as symmetrical batteries and total batteries, and shows excellent performance. According to the electrolyte, the stability of the aluminum ion battery can be improved, a solvation structure dominated by anions is formed, and meanwhile, a compact anion-rich solid electrolyte interface layer is formed on the surface of an aluminum negative electrode to protect the aluminum negative electrode. The problem that an existing water-based aluminum ion battery negative electrode is poor in stability is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery electrolytes, in particular to a flame-retardant solid polymer electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof and a gel polymer electrolyte.The preparation method comprises the steps that a lithium salt, a polymer monomer, a cross-linking agent, an initiator, an additive and an organic solvent are mixed, heated and stirred to be uniform, and a precursor is obtained; and introducing a catalyst into the precursor to polymerize and cure the precursor to obtain the solid polymer electrolyte. The solid polymer electrolyte prepared by the invention has extremely strong flame retardant property; a unique cross-linked structure enhances the mechanical strength, and destroys the regularity of a polyether chain segment, so that the polyether chain segment is in an amorphous state, and therefore, the polyether chain segment has high ionic conductivity; due to the introduction of bicyclic carbonate, the oxidation stability is enhanced, high stability is shown on a high-voltage positive electrode, and the lithium ion transference number of the electrolyte is also increased to a certain extent; and finally, the assembled battery shows excellent cycling stability and rate capability.

A non-woven battery separator and processes for forming the non-woven battery separator includes a fiber blend including cellulose fibers, microfibrillated fibers, and optionally polyester and / or aramid fibers. Also disclosed are batteries including the non-woven battery separator. During fabrication, the non-woven battery separator can be effectively dried at temperatures between 120°C and 180°C, which results in the fibers absorbing water when in use. Some battery electrolytes such as lithium hexafluorophosphate react with water to form hydrogen fluoride (HF), which can be corrosive and shorten battery lifecycles and affect performance. Absorbing water from the electrolyte increases the battery life cycle by reducing HF generation.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery production equipment, and particularly discloses an intelligent assembly line flexibly compatible with multi-specification lithium battery liquid injection. Comprising a rack, a feeding and discharging device, a scanning and weighing device, a liquid injection device, a standing device and a liquid supplementing device, wherein the feeding and discharging device is arranged on the rack and is used for feeding, discharging and transporting a battery; the scanning and weighing device is used for scanning and weighing the battery; the liquid injection device is used for injecting electrolyte into the battery; the glue nail hitting device is used for inserting a glue nail into a liquid injection opening to seal the battery; the moving device is used for transferring the battery to each device; the scanning and weighing device judges whether the electrolyte content of the battery is qualified or not according to weight data of the battery, qualified products are transferred to the electrolyte injection device through the moving device, and unqualified products are transferred to the electrolyte supplementing device through the moving device. All devices of the intelligent assembly line cooperate with one another, the battery electrolyte content can be judged according to the weight, accurate shunting is achieved, efficient production and quality control are achieved, and the intelligent assembly line can be compatible with batteries of multiple specifications.

Disclosed is an electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same, more specifically an electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery including a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a sulfide compound. The electrolyte for the lithium-sulfur battery improves the efficiency and stability of the negative electrode, thereby improving the capacity and lifetime characteristics of the lithium-sulfur battery.

The invention discloses an electrolyte for a lead storage battery, a formation charge-discharge process and a preparation method of the lead storage battery, and relates to the technical field of storage batteries. A modified biological bacterium additive is added to a common electrolyte of a battery in production, the activity of the electrolyte is improved, the influence of electrolyte impurities is reduced, and charging voltage value limitation is carried out in a formation charging and discharging process stage to prevent internal electrolyzed water of the battery from being overcharged; therefore, the density consistency and stability of the battery electrolyte are improved, the utilization rate of sulfate ions is improved, the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery is improved, grid corrosion and battery self-discharge of a battery pole plate caused by a cyclic electrochemical action reaction are restrained, and the capacity retention ratio and the cycle life performance of the battery are improved. And a formation charge-discharge process is optimized, so that the battery capacity matching rate and the performance consistency are improved, and the cycle life performance of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an additive and a solvent, the additive is 1, 3-dimethylimidazole iodized salt. The redox medium (organic iodized salt) is added into the ether electrolyte of the lithium oxygen battery, anions of the redox medium can reduce the charge-discharge overpotential of the lithium oxygen battery, cations of the redox medium can form an in-situ protection layer on a lithium negative electrode, the redox medium is prevented from reacting with the lithium negative electrode, lithium corrosion and lithium dendrite growth are effectively inhibited, and the service life of the lithium oxygen battery is prolonged. And the lithium-oxygen battery has excellent electrochemical performance and long cycle stability.

The invention discloses an imidazolium ionic liquid modified magnesium ion battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The imidazolium ionic liquid modified magnesium ion battery electrolyte is obtained by fully dissolving [EOE-A-Im] [TFSI] ionic liquid in an APC electrolyte. Wherein [EOE-A-Im] [TFSI] is a 1-allyl-3-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-imidazole-3-onium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imine salt, and APC is a total phenyl complex. The imidazolium ionic liquid modified magnesium ion battery electrolyte disclosed by the invention is relatively wide in electrochemical window, excellent in compatibility with electrodes, high in magnesium deposition-dissolution efficiency, low in overpotential and good in cycling stability; and the preparation method of the imidazolium ionic liquid modified magnesium ion battery electrolyte is simple and environment-friendly, and accords with green industrial production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, discloses a battery electrolyte solvent capable of adapting to a wide temperature range and preparation of a battery, and provides application of a mixed organic solvent as an energy storage battery electrolyte solvent, the mixed organic solvent is composed of tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-dioxolame and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether, and the 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether is composed of tetrahydrofuran, 1, 3-dioxolame and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether. The volume percent content of the 1, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether is 10%-50%. The solvent composition of the energy storage battery electrolyte is improved, 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl ether is introduced into an ether organic solvent (namely tetrahydrofuran and 1, 3-dioxolame) to serve as a diluent, meanwhile, the volume percentage of the diluent is controlled, and the obtained electrolyte solvent formula can adapt to the wide temperature range of the full temperature interval of-130 DEG C to 60 DEG C, so that the energy storage battery electrolyte is suitable for being used as an energy storage battery electrolyte. And the problem of battery failure of the current energy storage battery under the extremely low-temperature and high-temperature conditions can be effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic material preparation and new energy materials, and particularly discloses a lithium metal battery composite solid electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Lithium niobate with high lithium ion conductivity and high dielectric constant is used as an inorganic filler, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene is used as a polymer matrix, and the lithium metal battery composite solid electrolyte is prepared. The lithium metal battery solid electrolyte with a continuous lithium ion transport path is constructed through a freeze casting technology, the dielectric constant of the solid electrolyte is effectively improved by adding the dielectric inorganic filler lithium niobate, lithium salt dissociation is promoted, preparation of the modified electrolyte can be simply completed on a large scale, industrial expansion is facilitated, coulombic efficiency is improved, and the lithium metal battery solid electrolyte is suitable for industrial production. According to the present invention, the lithium metal battery electrolyte meets the industrial requirement on the high lithium utilization rate, the lithium negative electrode can be well protected, the cycle life of the lithium electrode can be improved, the battery electrolyte and the lithium electrode show the good interface compatibility and the good cycle stability, and the new feasible way is provided for the application of the lithium metal battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sustainable battery electrolyte design, is applied to an aqueous ammonium ion energy storage system, and particularly relates to a design method and a preparation method of an ammonium ion battery electrolyte additive adaptive to a high-voltage Prussian blue positive electrode material. According to the design method, electrostatic potentials (ESP) of different aprotic solvents are compared through quantum chemistry calculation, and finally acetone (ACE) is selected as an electrolyte additive to construct a weak solvation electrolyte system based on hydrogen bond interaction. The saturated addition amount of acetone in 1.0 mol L <-1 > (NH4) 2SO4 aqueous solution is determined through a pre-experiment, and is marked as 25% ACE. The electrolyte shows high suitability with a high-voltage Prussian blue positive electrode material (N-VHCF). Benefited from the construction of a competitive water-poor solvation structure and the blocking of a hydrogen bond network, the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction in a 25% ACE electrolyte are inhibited, and the excellent performance of the Prussian blue positive electrode material (N-VHCF) under high discharge voltage is realized.

The invention discloses an aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of zinc ion batteries. The vanadic acid additive takes a Zn-sulfonated hydrogen bond organic framework as a carrier, and 4-6wt% of vanadate is loaded on the surface of the carrier. Sulfonic acid groups contained in the carrier can cooperate with vanadate to preferentially adsorb free water molecules in an aqueous electrolyte, the erosion activity of the water molecules on the positive electrode material is reduced, a hydrogen bond network structure of the hydrogen bond organic framework can selectively intercept active water molecules, and the water molecules are prevented from participating in oxidation reduction dissolution of the vanadium-based positive electrode material. Meanwhile, the zinc metal ions doped in the carrier can cooperate with the strong polarity of the sulfonic group, regulate and control the solvation structure, reduce the interface impedance and inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites, so that the long-term stability of the aqueous zinc ion battery is improved, and the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte capable of inhibiting the dissolution of a positive electrode and stabilizing a zinc negative electrode is obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a magnesium ion battery electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and a magnesium ion battery. The invention provides a magnesium ion battery electrolyte. The magnesium ion battery electrolyte comprises a magnesium salt electrolyte, an amine organic solvent and an imidazole organic solvent. According to the magnesium ion electrolyte, the imidazole and amine organic solvents are used as the mixed cosolvent of the magnesium ion electrolyte, so that the electrolyte magnesium salt can be effectively dissolved, and the problems of decomposition and passivation of the electrolyte solvent and corrosion of a magnesium metal negative electrode can be effectively solved; the amine and imidazole co-soluble magnesium ion electrolyte provided by the invention can realize reversible deposition and dissolution of a magnesium metal negative electrode under the condition of a wide temperature range of-30 to 80 DEG C, and can be applied to a rechargeable magnesium battery.

The invention discloses a lithium metal battery electrolyte and a lithium metal battery. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a main solvent and a cosolvent, wherein the molar concentration of the lithium salt in the main solvent is more than 0.5 mol / L; the cosolvent is a chlorinated ether-based solvent. Compared with the prior art, the electrolyte has the advantages that (1) when the electrolyte is used for the lithium metal battery, ultrahigh energy density can be realized, stable SEI derived from anions is formed, the lithium metal deposition / stripping efficiency reaches 99.9%, and the electrolyte is very stable to metal lithium, so that stable circulation of the high-voltage / high-energy-density lithium metal battery is realized; and (2) due to the addition of the cosolvent, the viscosity of the electrolyte is reduced, so that the reactivity of the lithium metal and the electrolyte cannot be hindered due to the excessive viscosity of the electrolyte even in the lithium salt electrolyte in a saturated state.

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a sodium ion battery electrolyte, a sodium ion battery and an electrical device, wherein the sodium ion battery electrolyte comprises a sodium salt and a sulfonate compound, wherein the sulfonate compound comprises one or more compounds represented by formula (I), formula (II) and formula (III), wherein R1, R5, R6, R9 and R 10 independently selected from C1-C3 alkylene, R2, R3, R4, R7, R8 and R 11 Independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 fluoroalkyl. The sulfonate compound contains both sulfonate and carbonate groups in its molecule, acting as a film-forming additive to promote the formation of a uniform and stable SEI film rich in sulfate and sulfite on the electrode surface, thereby improving the cycle performance and rate performance of sodium-ion batteries.

The invention discloses a solid-state lithium battery electrolyte material fracture failure prediction method based on a phase field method, and relates to the technical field of battery failure prediction, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a reference configuration and an instant configuration for a lithium battery electrolyte material; s2, constructing transformation between the reference configuration and the instant configuration, and generating deformation mapping; s3, establishing mapping between the temperature field and the reference configuration, mapping between the concentration field and the reference configuration, and mapping between the potential distribution and the reference configuration; s4, constructing a phase field variable for the lithium battery electrolyte material; s5, obtaining a thermodynamic constitutive model; s6, obtaining a control equation of the solid-state lithium battery electrolyte material; s7, constructing boundary conditions for the control equation; and S8, fracture failure prediction is completed by using the weak form of the control equation. According to the invention, a basis is provided for parameter setting and safety evaluation of the solid-state battery.

Systems and apparatus may carry out analysis of battery physical phenomena, and characterize batteries based on phenomena occurring in particular time and / or frequency domains. These systems may be additionally responsible for charging and / or monitoring a rechargeable battery. Examples of battery physical phenomena include mass transport (e.g., diffusion and / or migration) in battery electrolytes, mass transport in battery electrodes, and reactions on battery electrodes.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide salt solution. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing a certain A salt and a polar non-aqueous solvent, and dropwise adding bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide for reaction; and S2, after the reaction is completed, adding a salt B into the reaction liquid to remove impurities. Water is not generated in the reaction process, and the imidodisulfuryl fluoride cannot be decomposed to generate corrosive substances; the hydrogenation form of the byproduct salt is insoluble in the non-aqueous solvent and can be recycled through reaction; by adding the salt A and the salt B, trace unfavorable impurities are removed at a time, the requirement for the purity of the raw material imidodisulfuryl fluoride is low, subsequent complex purification processes such as crystallization and drying do not exist, the product can be directly used for preparation of a battery electrolyte after concentration adjustment, large-scale production of the product is facilitated, and the product has good storage stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery testing, in particular to a battery electrolyte leakage and surface temperature testing device and a testing method thereof.The battery electrolyte leakage and surface temperature testing device comprises an upper computer, a data acquisition control unit, a temperature control unit, a thermal imaging unit, a smoke sensing unit, an electrolyte leakage acquisition unit, a fire extinguishing spraying unit and an alarm unit. According to the invention, a brand new design idea and method are adopted, brand new data acquisition, temperature control, data processing and the like are adopted, and the problems of complex test operation, low efficiency, low measurement precision, low safety performance and the like are solved.

The invention provides a lithium metal battery electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and a lithium metal battery. The lithium metal battery electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a diluent and a lithium salt, the diluent is selected from at least one of aryl halide and R1-O-R2, and R1 and R2 independently comprise at least one of H, C, N, O, F and P elements. According to the lithium metal battery electrolyte, the preparation method thereof and the lithium metal battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the high-concentration electrolyte can have lower viscosity and better wettability, and the stability of a solvation structure of an electrolyte system is improved, so that the coulombic efficiency and the number of cycles of the lithium metal battery can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the field of lithium metal battery electrolytes, and particularly relates to a local high-concentration electrolyte, a preparation method of the local high-concentration electrolyte and application of the local high-concentration electrolyte in preparation of a lithium metal battery. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the lithium salt into the solvent, then adding the diluent, and stirring until the diluent is dissolved, so as to obtain the local high-concentration electrolyte. A certain proportion of DME cosolvent is introduced into the electrolyte, so that the concentration of the electrolyte can be diluted while an electrolyte solvation structure is added. When DME is added into an electrolyte solvation structure, a LiFSI-THF / DME-TTE local high-concentration electrolyte can be induced to form a solid electrolyte membrane (SEI) on a lithium metal negative electrode side, formation of lithium dendrites is inhibited, uniform deposition of lithium metal is induced, and the lithium deposition behavior is improved, so that the electrochemical performance of the battery is improved.

Systems and apparatus may carry out analysis of battery physical phenomena, and characterize batteries based on phenomena occurring in particular time and / or frequency domains. These systems may be additionally responsible for charging and / or monitoring a rechargeable battery. Examples of battery physical phenomena include mass transport (e.g., diffusion and / or migration) in battery electrolytes, mass transport in battery electrodes, and reactions on battery electrodes.