The invention discloses a conductive polymer-coated silicon-based negative electrode sheet, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The silicon-based negative electrode sheet is used as amatrix, ionic liquid is used as a reaction medium, a polymer monomer generates an electrochemical self-polymerization reaction in a gap and on the surface of a matrix through an electrochemical polymerization reaction, and a conductive polymer film with a controlled thickness is formed on the surface of the matrix to improve the interfacial properties and the cycling stability of the silicon-based negative electrode sheet; and then the electrode sheet is used as a positive electrode, a metal lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, an external circuit is connected to control the currentto perform electrochemical pre-lithium, so as to improve the first-time coulombic efficiency of the matrix, and the conductive polymer-coated silicon-based negative electrode sheet is prepared. During the electrochemical polymerization reaction, the thickness of the conductive polymer film can be controlled by electric quantity, no catalyst is needed, and mass production can be realized; and thereaction medium is the ionic liquid, which has almost no vapor pressure and a wide liquid temperature range, so compared with other organic/inorganic solvents, it is more environmentally friendly, green and pollution-free.