The invention provides a high-permeability anion modified emulsified asphalt and a preparation method thereof. The high-permeability anion modified emulsified asphalt comprises asphalt, diluents, emulsifiers, penetrants, water, stabilizers and anion SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) latex. The preparation method includes controlling proportioning and processing temperature of the materials and then emulsifying through a latex mill so as to obtain finished products. The prepared emulsified asphalt has good stability and strong permeability, and can meet the specification requirement of permeating a base by the depth of 5-10mm. The diluents are mixtures of industrial byproducts such as crude residual oil, white oil, processing light oil and the like which are distilled and extracted from crude oil or petroleum, and are high in ignition point, low in volatility and low in price, and therefore, the prepared high-permeability anion modified emulsified asphalt is environment-friendly and low-cost. In addition, owning to the compounded emulsifiers, emulsion performance is improved; and owning to the penetrants which are selected through relative permeability test, capillary permeability of the emulsified asphalt is improved.