The invention belongs to the technical field of firefighting infrared detection, in particular a helmet type infrared detection and image transmission processing system. The system mainly comprises a front-end transmission system, a background command system and a relay system which transmit corresponding signals through radio waves. The front-end system integrated on equipment of a fire fighter acquires information in a fire, and transmits the information to the relay system and the background command system through the radio waves; and the background command system analyzes corresponding information to provide intuitive fire date and facilitate rescue deployment. The system has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, convenient carrying and the like, realizes functions of discovering rescue targets on the fire scene, acquisition and radio transmission of audio, video and data, image processing, intelligent analysis, real-time display and the like, accords with the development tendency of light, intelligent, high-efficiency and integrated firefighting equipment, and meets actual firefighting requirement and firefighting army assaulting requirement.