The invention discloses a method for maintaining rail transit safety based on big data. The method comprises a fire monitoring unit, a vibration detecting module, a parking monitoring module, a weather monitoring module, a height measurement module, a data determination unit, a big data module, a controller, a display module, a storage module, a database, an alarm module, and a data correction module. According to the method for maintaining rail transit safety based on big data, a fire location can be analyzed in time through a temperature sensor group, a wind detection module and a video monitoring group which are arranged in the fire monitoring unit; and the required spread time of the fire to a high-risk area, a threat area and a normal area in the map information of the subway stationcan be calculated respectively through an estimation unit in combination with wind speed information. The calculating process comprises the following steps: calculating the spread speed of flames stored in the database at a wind speed according to the wind speed information, then calculating the distances from the fire location to each area, and dividing the distances by the spread speed to obtaina corresponding time; and then acquiring a threat value of the fire according to a correlation algorithm.