The utility model relates to the technical field of track shoes, and discloses a rubber-coated track shoe device capable of adjusting tensile force, which comprises a track body, a fixing frame is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the track body, an inner plate is fixedly connected in the fixing frame, a track supporting wheel and an auxiliary wheel are rotatably connected in the inner plate, and the track supporting wheel and the auxiliary wheel are fixedly connected in the track body. The track supporting wheels and the track body are in meshed connection, the auxiliary wheels and the track body are in meshed connection, the outer walls of the track supporting wheels are rotationally connected with first push plates, the inner walls of the first push plates are fixedly connected with connecting plates, one sides of the connecting plates are fixedly connected with push rods, and one ends of the push rods are provided with adjusting assemblies. According to the device, efficient and accurate tension adjustment is achieved, compared with a traditional device, the adjusting precision is higher, the tension force of the track shoe can be rapidly adjusted according to actual requirements, the running stability and reliability of equipment are improved, faults caused by improper tension force are reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.