6581 results about "Fuel oil" patented technology

A combination of SAGD with cogeneration technology for exploiting shallow heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs under primary, secondary and tertiary thermal recovery. Superheated steam is generated by the heat recovery from the exhaust of an above-ground hydrocarbon powered turbine driven electric generator cogeneration plant and is injected through well bores into the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir that is traversed by at least one horizontal producing well bore and one injection well bore to heat the reservoir formation and to induce gravity drainage of the hydrocarbons and allowing their recovery from the horizontal producing well bore. Electrical power that is generated is sold to the electric grid and can be used to offset the fuel costs for the above ground hydrocarbon turbine-driven elector generators.

A cracking catalyst for petroleum hydrocarbon is proportionally prepared from clay, aluminum oxide prepared from alpha-AlO(OH), Y-type molecular sieve containing RE and P and silicon oxide. Its advantages are strong power to convert heavy oil and high output rate of diesel oil.

A process for utilizing microwaves to heat H₂O within a subterranean region wherein the heated H₂O contacts heavy oil in the subterranean region to lower the viscosity of the heavy oil and improve production of the heavy oil.

An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system, and also a method for upgrading a pre-existing ebullated bed hydroprocessing system, involves introducing a colloidal or molecular catalyst, or a precursor composition capable of forming the colloidal or molecular catalyst, into an ebullated bed reactor. The colloidal or molecular catalyst is formed by intimately mixing a catalyst precursor composition into a heavy oil feedstock and raising the temperature of the feedstock to above the decomposition temperature of the precursor composition to form the colloidal or molecular catalyst in situ. The improved ebullated bed hydroprocessing system includes at least one ebullated bed reactor that employs both a porous supported catalyst and the colloidal or molecular catalyst to catalyze hydroprocessing reactions involving the feedstock and hydrogen. The colloidal or molecular catalyst provides catalyst in what would otherwise constitute catalyst free zones within the ebullated bed hydroprocessing system. Asphaltene or other hydrocarbon molecules too large to diffuse into the pores of the supported catalyst can be upgraded by the colloidal or molecular catalyst. A slurry phase reactor may be positioned upstream from one or more ebullated bed reactors or converted from a pre-existing ebullated bed reactor.

A method for heating heavy oil inside a production well. The method raises the subsurface temperature of heavy oil by utilizing an activator that has been injected below the surface. The activator is then excited with a generated microwave frequency such that the excited activator heats the heavy oil.

The invention relates to a modified molecular sieve capable of improving coking performance. The modified molecular sieve is prepared from a NaY type molecular sieve by the twice-crosslinking twice-roasting preparation method. According to the weight ratio, in the modified molecular sieve, the content of RE2O3 is 0.05 to 4 percent, the content of P is 0.05 to 5.0 percent; and the crystal cell of the modified molecular sieve is 2.430 to 2.440nm, and the crystallinity is between 35 and 55 percent. The modified molecular sieve has bigger hole volume of medium-and-large-sized holes and good stability; under the same condition of preparation process for catalyst, compared with the comparison molecular sieve, the modified molecular sieve has the advantages of reducing coke yield of the catalyst, simultaneously further improving the heavy oil cracking capability, further improving total liquid yield, and particularly facilitating the improvement of the yield of light oil.

The present invention relates to a process for the pretreatment of heavy oils using a catalytic hydrotreating process prior to introduction to a refinery. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of an HDM reactor and an HDS reactor in order to improve the characteristics of the heavy oil, such that when the oil is introduced into the refinery, the refinery can achieve improved throughputs, increased catalysts life, increased life cycles, and a reduction in overall operation costs.

The invention relates to a hydrogenation method for a coal tar suspension bed of a heterogeneous catalyst. The method comprises processes of coal tar raw material pretreatment and distillatory separation, coal tar heavy fraction suspension bed hydrogenation cracking and conventional light fraction oil extraction, wherein the suspension bed hydrogenation reaction temperature is between 320 and 480DEG C, the reaction pressure is 8 to 19MPa, the volume air speed is 0.3 to 3.0h<-1>, the hydrogen oil volume ratio is 500 to 2,000, the catalyst is a powdery granular coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst of a single metal active ingredient containing molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten or iron or a composite multi-metal active ingredient, the adding amount of the catalyst is based on the ratio of the metal quantity of the active ingredient to the weight of the coal tar raw materials of 0.1: 100-4: 100, most of tail oil containing the catalyst after lightweight oil is separated froma hydrogenation reaction product is directly circulated to a hydrogenation bed reactor, a small part of tail oil is subjected to catalyst removal treatment and then circulated to the hydrogenation bed reactor to be subjected to further lightweight treatment, and the heavy oil is totally or furthest circulated. The method fulfills the purposes of maximum production of the lightweight oil in the coal tar and cyclic utilization of the catalyst, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the raw materials and the catalyst.

A method for producing lubricant base oils is provided comprising the steps of: (a) separating a feedstock into a light lubricant base oil fraction and a heavy fraction; (b) hydroisomerizing the fractions over a medium pore size molecular sieve catalyst under hydroisomerization conditions to produce an isomerized light lubricant base oil fraction having a pour point less than or equal to a target pour point of the lubricant base oils and an isomerized heavy fraction having a pour point of equal to or greater than the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point greater than the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils; and (c) dehazing the isomerized heavy fraction to provide a heavy lubricant base oil having a pour point less than or equal to the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point less than or equal to the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils.

A fixed bed hydroprocessing system, and also a method for upgrading a pre-existing fixed bed hydroprocessing system, involves preliminarily upgrading a heavy oil feedstock in one or more slurry phase reactors using a colloidal or molecular catalyst and then further hydroprocessing the upgraded feedstock within one or more fixed bed reactors using a porous supported catalyst. The colloidal or molecular catalyst is formed by intimately mixing a catalyst precursor composition into a heavy oil feedstock and raising the temperature of the feedstock to above the decomposition temperature of the precursor composition to form the colloidal or molecular catalyst in situ. Asphaltene or other hydrocarbon molecules otherwise too large to diffuse into the pores of the fixed bed catalyst can be upgraded by the colloidal or molecular catalyst. One or more slurry phase reactors may be built and positioned upstream from one or more fixed bed reactors of a pre-existing fixed bed system and/or converted from one or more pre-existing fixed bed reactors.

An evaporation based method for generation of high pressure steam from produced water in the heavy oil production industry. De-oiled produced water is processed through a high pH/high pressure evaporator driven by a commercial watertube boiler. The vapor produced by the evaporator is suitable for the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method being utilized by heavy oil recovery installations, without the use of once through steam generators that require extensive chemical treatment, and without requiring atmospheric distillation, which requires high power consuming compressors. Evaporator blowdown may be further treated in a crystallizing evaporator to provide a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system and, with most produced waters, at least 98% of the incoming produced water stream can be recovered in the form of high pressure steam.

Disclosed is a process for the upgrading and demetallizing of heavy oils and bitumens. A crude heavy oil and/or bitumen feed is supplied to a solvent extraction process 104 wherein DAO and asphaltenes are separated. The DAO is supplied to an FCC unit 106 having a low conversion activity catalyst for the removal of metals contained therein. The demetallized distillate fraction is supplied to a hydrotreater 110 for upgrading and collected as a synthetic crude product stream. The asphaltene fraction can be supplied to a gasifier 108 for the recovery of power, steam and hydrogen, which can be supplied to the hydrotreater 110 or otherwise within the process or exported. An optional coker 234 can be used to convert excess asphaltenes and/or decant oil to naphtha, distillate and gas oil, which can be supplied to the hydrotreater 220.

The invention provides an unmanned aircraft route planning method based on combination of Voronoi diagram and ant group optimizing algorithm. Firstly a model is established in accordance with properties of various threaten sources, e. g. landform, radar, missile and anticraft gun, and the unmanned aircraft route cost includes threaten costs and fuel oil costs; then initial pheromone values are given to each edge of the Voronoi diagram, enabling an ant to begin the search from the Voronoi node nearest to the start point. The marching Voronoi edge is selected based ob the status shift rule, then the search at the Voronoi node nearest to the target point is finished; And when all the ants have finished their own candidate route selection, the pheromones at each edge of the Voronoi diagram are updated in accordance with the improving and updating rules, wherein the pheromones at edges with no ant passing by are evaporated, and the process is repeated until an optimal unmanned aircraft route is found out. The method is characterized by good real-time and high-speed performance, and the found route is closer to the actual optimal unmanned aircraft route.

The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing lower carbon number hydrocarbon olefin through petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition, which comprises (catalyst weight as benchmark) 0-70% clay, 5-99% inorganic oxide compound and 1-50% zeolite, wherein the zeolite is 25-100 wt% MFI structure zeolite and 0-75 wt% Y-type zeolite, characterized by that, the MFI structure zeolite contains phosphor and transient metal M. the catalyst can improve the cracking capability for heavy oil macromolecule and conversion rate of reaction.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a skeleton silicon-rich Y-shaped molecular sieve, comprising the following steps of: firstly, carrying out desiliconizing pretreatment on a NaY molecular sieve with alkali lye and secondly carrying out ammonium exchange and dealumination and silicon reinsertion on the molecular sieve treated with alkali. The alkali treatment condition is to pulp and evenly mix the NaY molecular sieve and an alkali liquor in the mass ratio of NaY (dry basis): alkali: H2O being (0.1-2): (0.05-2): (4-15) and carry out alkali treatment at 0-120 DEG C for 0.1-24h. Compared with a product obtained by carrying out ammonium exchange and silicon-rich treatment on the NaY molecular sieve, the skeleton silicon-rich Y-shaped molecular sieve subject to the desiliconizing pretreatment has higher infrared acid quantity, B acid quantity and secondary pore content. A catalyst prepared from an active component which is the skeleton silicon-rich Y-shaped molecular sieve prepared by the method has stronger heavy oil transformation capability and higher light oil recovery rate when being used for a heavy oil cracking reaction.

Diluted wet combustion forms a hot process fluid or VASTgas comprising carbon dioxide (CO₂) and fluid water which is delivered geologic formations and/or from surface mined materials to reduce the viscosity and/or increase hydrocarbon extraction. This may improve thermal efficiency and/or increases heat delivery for a given combustor or per capital investment. High water and/or CO₂ content is achieved by reducing non-aqueous diluent and/or adding or recycling CO₂. Power recovered from expanding the VASTgas may be pressurize the VASTgas for delivery by partial expansion through a Direct VAST cycle, and/or by diverting compressed oxidant through a parallel thermogenerator in a Diverted VAST cycle. Pressurized VASTgas may be injected into well within the hydrocarbon formation or with mined material into a heavy hydrocarbon separator vessel to heat, mobilize, solubilize and/or extract heavy hydrocarbons. Light hydrocarbons may be mixed in with the hot process fluid to enhance hydrocarbon mobilization and recovery. Microwaves may further heat the VASTgas and/or hydrocarbon. Sulfur oxidation, calcining limestone and/or recycling may increase CO₂. Oxygen enrichment may increase the specific power. VASTgas may be delivered through and back injection wells and/or production wells, and/or between sequential injection wells in alternating and/or paired zigzag formations with multiple wells per VAST combined heat and power recovery system.

An account security apparatus, including a memory device for storing a limitation or restriction on a use of at least one of a cable television account, an electrical utility account, a gas utility account, a fuel oil utility account, an insurance account, a subscription accounts for a good, product, or service, a health care insurance account, a pharmacy account, a social security account, and a credit report account, transmitted to a receiver from a communication device associated with an individual account holder, and a processing device for processing an authorization request for a transaction or a use of the account. The processing device utilizes the limitation or restriction automatically stored in the memory device in processing the authorization request and generates a signal containing information for authorizing or disallowing the transaction or the use of the account.

The invention discloses a miniature gas turbine combustion chamber, which has an annular structure and mainly comprises a flame tube, an outer casing, an inner casing, a swirler and a fuel oil supply system. The flame tube is formed by welding an outer flame tube, a head end wall and an inner flame tube; the rear end of the flame tube is connected with a rear flange of the casing of the combustion chamber through a screw; the rear end of the outer casing is connected with the rear flange of the casing through a bolt; and a front flange of the casing is connected with the front end of the casing through a bolt. An inlet of the combustion chamber is welded on the front flange of the casing; air radially enters the inlet of the combustion chamber; the front end of the inner casing is fixed in a hole of the inlet of the combustion chamber; the swirler is welded on the head end wall; the fuel oil supply system is fixed on an outer ring of the inlet of the combustion chamber; a main combustion hole, a mixing hole and an air film cooling hole are formed on the flame tube; and an air film slot tongue is welded on the lower part of the air film cooling hole for guiding cooling airflow. A high-energy DC igniter is inserted into the flame tube for realizing ignition starting of the totally annular combustion chamber; and gas is discharged out of the combustion chamber radially under the guiding of a slope of the outer flame tube and a vertical section of the outer flame tube. The miniature gas turbine combustion chamber is applied to a miniature gas turbine. Because the gas at the outlet directly impacts a centripetal turbine, the axial distance of the miniature gas turbine can be shortened, and the space is fully utilized.

Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.

The present invention relates to a method for producing fuel oil by utilizing coal tar. It is characterized by that said method includes the following steps: after the whole coal tar in which the moisture and ash are removed and diluting oil are mixed according to a certain mixing ratio, making the obtained mixture be successively passed through a shallow hydrogenation unit with hydrogenation protecting agent and prehydrogenation catalyst and a deep hydrogenation unit with main hydrogenation catalyst, then making the product obtained after deep hydrogenation undergo the processes of high-pressure separation, low-pressure separation and fractionation so as to obtain light-oil fraction, medium-oil fraction and tail-oil fraction, namely obtain low-sulfur low-nitrogen fuel oil and light oil product.

A catalytic conversion method for preparing propylene and high-octane gasoline comprises the following steps: raw materials which are difficult to be cracked are firstly contacted with a thermal regeneration catalytic cracking catalyst to carry out cracking reaction under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 600-750 DEG C and the weight hourly space velocity is 100-800h<-1>, the reactant flow is mixed with raw oil which is easy to be cracked to carry out the cracking reaction under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 450-620 DEG C and the weight hourly space velocity is 0.1-100h<-1>; the spent catalyst and reaction oil and gas are separated, the spent catalyst returns to a reactor after regeneration, the reaction oil and gas are separated to obtain propylene and gasoline, and hydrogenated heavy oil obtained by hydrotreating fractions above 260 DEG C is taken as raw oil of the catalytic cracking device or a conventional catalytic cracking device. The method improves the yield and the selectivity of the propylene, increases the yield of the high-octane gasoline, reduces the yield of dry gas, greatly increases the yield of liquid and realizes the high-efficient utilization of petroleum resources.

This invention relates to a process for hydroprocessing heavy oil under process intensification conditions to form an upgraded hydrocarbon product.

An integrated process for production and upgrading of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil, comprising (a) reforming of hydrocarbons such as natural gas to produce hydrogen, CO2 and steam (b) separating the produced hydrogen from the CO2, steam and any other gases to give a hydrogen rich fraction and a CO2 rich fraction and steam, (c) injecting the steam alone or in combination with the CO2 rich fraction into a reservoir containing heavy or extra heavy oil to increase the oil recovery, and (d) upgrading/refining of the heavy or extra heavy oil to finished products by extensive hydroprocessing, comprising several steps of hydrocracking and hydrotreating (sulfur, nitrogen and metals removal as well as hydrogenation of olefins and aromatics), using the hydrogen rich fraction.

A system and method is disclosed for generating power from thermal energy stored in a fluid extracted during the recovery of heavy oil. The method includes the steps of vaporizing a working fluid in a binary cycle using thermal energy stored in the extracted fluid, converting the vaporized working fluid total energy into mechanical power using a positive displacement expander, and condensing the vaporized working fluid back to a liquid phase.

Methods and systems for hydroprocessing heavy oil feedstocks to form upgraded material use a colloidal or molecular catalyst dispersed within heavy oil feedstock, pre-coking hydrocracking reactor, separator, and coking reactor. The colloidal or molecular catalyst promotes upgrading reactions that reduce the quantity of asphaltenes or other coke forming precursors in the feedstock, increase hydrogen to carbon ratio in the upgraded material, and decrease boiling points of hydrocarbons in the upgraded material. The methods and systems can be used to upgrade vacuum tower bottoms and other low grade heavy oil feedstocks. The result is one or more of increased conversion level and yield, improved quality of upgraded hydrocarbons, reduced coke formation, reduced equipment fouling, processing of a wider range of lower quality feedstocks, and more efficient use of supported catalyst if used with the colloidal or molecular catalyst, as compared to a conventional hydrocracking process or a conventional thermal coking process.

Methods and systems are provided for operating an engine fuel system including a low pressure pump and a high pressure pump. During conditions when direct injection is not requested, a fuel rail pressure is maintained by the low pressure pump and fuel is port injected. Further, a stroke amount of the high pressure pump is adjusted to maintain an outlet pressure of the high pressure pump just below the fuel rail pressure. By maintaining fuel flow within the high pressure pump when high pressure pump operation is not required, and without flowing fuel from the high pressure pump outlet into the fuel rail, the high pressure pump may be cooled and lubricated without affecting the fuel rail pressure.

The catalytic cracking catalyst contains medium and large pore alumina with average pore size not smaller than 3 nm 5-60 wt%, zeolite 5-60 wt%, adhesive 5-40 wt% and clay 5-85 wt%. The preparation process includes mixing the said materials, spraying, roasting, washing and drying. Compared with conventional catalyst, the catalyst has strengthened heavy oil converting capacity, obviously improved gasoline and coke selectivity and strengthened heavy metal nickel resistance.

The invention discloses a premixing and pre-evaporating combustion chamber, which has a single annular chamber structure and adopts a conceptual design of fractional combustion. In the combustion chamber, the total combustion gas volume is supplied by a pre-combustion fraction and a main combustion fraction, the pre-combustion fraction adopts a swirl-flow stable diffusion flame combustion organization mode and the main combustion fraction adopts a premixing and pre-evaporating combustion organization mode. The combustion chamber mainly comprises a shunting diffuser, a combustion chamber outer casing, a combustion chamber inner casing, a fuel oil nozzle, the pre-combustion fraction, the main combustion fraction, a combustion liner outer wall and a combustion liner inner wall. The pre-combustion fraction stabilizes flame by using a low-speed refluxing zone generated by swirl air entering the combustion chamber from a pre-combustion fraction swirler; and after being sprayed out by a main combustion fraction nozzle, the fuel oil needed by the main combustion fraction first form an oil-gas mixed gas through atomization under the action of an air flow in a prefilming air ring in the main combustion fraction nozzle and then flows to the premixing and pre-evaporating fraction to be evaporated and further blended with the air, so a uniform oil-gas mixed gas jet flow is formed at the position of the outlet of the premixing and pre-evaporating fraction and enters the combustion liner to be ignited by flame in the pre-combustion fraction to combust. The combustion chamber is simple in structure and can effectively reduce pollutant discharge while ensuring an aeroengine works normally.

The invention provides a work system of an electronically controlled gasoline engine, comprising an air intake system, a fuel oil supply system, an ignition system as well as an electronic control system; the electronic control system consists of a sensor section, an electronic control unit ECU and an actuator section, wherein, the sensor section includes a throttle position sensor, an intake pressure and temperature sensor and an intake temperature sensor which are arranged on an intake pipe of an intake system, a camshaft position sensor, a coolant temperature sensor and a crankshaft position sensor which are arranged on the engine, a front oxygen sensor arranged in front of a three-way catalyst converter on an exhaust pipe of the engine, and the components of the sensor section are all connected with the ECU, and the actuator section consists of an electric fuel pump, an oil sprayer, an idle speed regulating valve and an ignition coil; the components of the actuator section are all connected with the ECU, and the ECU includes a fuel injection control program, an ignition control program and an idle speed control program; the system adopts reasonable control strategy and has comprehensive control function, good integrated performance of control function and fine system portability.

The present invention relates generally to a radiofrequency reactor for use in thermally recovering oil and related materials. The radiofrequency reactor includes a radiofrequency antenna configured to be positioned within a well, where the well is provided within an area in which crude oil exists in the ground. The radiofrequency antenna includes a cylindrically-shaped radiating element for radiating radiofrequency energy into the area in which crude oil exists. The cylindrically-shaped radiating element is configured to allow passage of fluids there through. The radiofrequency reactor also includes a radiofrequency generator electrically coupled to the radiofrequency antenna. The radiofrequency reactor is operable to control the radiofrequency energy generated.