2656 results about "Coal tar" patented technology

The invention relates to a hydrogenation method for a coal tar suspension bed of a heterogeneous catalyst. The method comprises processes of coal tar raw material pretreatment and distillatory separation, coal tar heavy fraction suspension bed hydrogenation cracking and conventional light fraction oil extraction, wherein the suspension bed hydrogenation reaction temperature is between 320 and 480DEG C, the reaction pressure is 8 to 19MPa, the volume air speed is 0.3 to 3.0h<-1>, the hydrogen oil volume ratio is 500 to 2,000, the catalyst is a powdery granular coal tar suspension bed hydrogenation catalyst of a single metal active ingredient containing molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten or iron or a composite multi-metal active ingredient, the adding amount of the catalyst is based on the ratio of the metal quantity of the active ingredient to the weight of the coal tar raw materials of 0.1: 100-4: 100, most of tail oil containing the catalyst after lightweight oil is separated froma hydrogenation reaction product is directly circulated to a hydrogenation bed reactor, a small part of tail oil is subjected to catalyst removal treatment and then circulated to the hydrogenation bed reactor to be subjected to further lightweight treatment, and the heavy oil is totally or furthest circulated. The method fulfills the purposes of maximum production of the lightweight oil in the coal tar and cyclic utilization of the catalyst, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the raw materials and the catalyst.

The present invention relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous feedstocks in an indirectly heated gasifier and provides a method for the elimination of condensable organic materials (tars) from the resulting product gas with an integrated tar removal step. More specifically, this tar removal step utilizes the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the above process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating steam and oxidizing zones in the process, deactivation of the cracking reactions is eliminated.

The invention discloses a kind of biomass gasifying method and device. The technology through separating the two courses of solid biomass pyrogenation and decomposition and gasification of the pyrogenation outcome, then transform the biomass into flammable gas of rather low tar content. Firstly send biomass into the pyrogenation reactor, without oxidant in; have pyrogenation reaction at 400 - 650 Deg. C, the pyrogenation outcome including pyrogenation gas and remaining charcoal gets into pyrogenation carburetor, and have incomplete oxidizing combustion reaction with sent oxidant, to form a high temperature of 900 - 1100 Deg. C. At the time, the heavy hydrocarbon substance of tar decomposes into small molecule gas, and the decomposed gas leaves out of the carburetor after having deoxidizing reaction with the nether blazing carbon layer. The high temperature gas is provided for consumers' use after depurated and cooled. The gas produced by the invention has very low tar content, which makes the following depurating equipment simple, won't produce second pollution and makes the raw materials widely used. The produced fuel gas can be used in civil filed and directly used for generating electricity.

The invention discloses a hydrocracking treatment technique for coal tar total distillate, which comprises: first mixing with homogeneous catalyst, or adding impurity, gum, asphaltene and coal oil total distillate contained much oxygen element directly into suspended-bed hydrogenation device; cutting the stream with distilling plant to discharge water, distillate less than 370Deg that enters fixed bed reactor for hydrorefining reaction to cut gasolene less than 150Deg and diesel oil 150-370Deg, and tail oil less than 370Deg that recycles to said reactor and converts into light oil product. Compared with prior art, this invention is simple, but high conversion rate and stability.

A method for synthesizing and producing natural gas by hydrogen of coal gas and its synthesizer are disclosed. The process is carried out by purifying tar, crude removing sulfur, ammonia, benzene and naphthalene, compressing to 0.5-5.0 MPa, removing sulfur impurities, supplementing carbon 5-20 wt%, and methanation reacting to obtain final product. It saves energy resources and has no environmental pollution.

Method for recovery of bitumen from tar sand is provided. An aqueous fluid containing a wetting agent and nanoparticles is injected into a first horizontal well at a temperature above reservoir temperature. Bitumen is released from sand grains and flows into a second horizontal well, where it is transported to surface. In a surface treatment facility, a slurry of tar sand is formed and surfactant and nanoparticles are added to the slurry.

The present invention relates to a method for producing fuel oil by utilizing coal tar. It is characterized by that said method includes the following steps: after the whole coal tar in which the moisture and ash are removed and diluting oil are mixed according to a certain mixing ratio, making the obtained mixture be successively passed through a shallow hydrogenation unit with hydrogenation protecting agent and prehydrogenation catalyst and a deep hydrogenation unit with main hydrogenation catalyst, then making the product obtained after deep hydrogenation undergo the processes of high-pressure separation, low-pressure separation and fractionation so as to obtain light-oil fraction, medium-oil fraction and tail-oil fraction, namely obtain low-sulfur low-nitrogen fuel oil and light oil product.

A catalytic and cracking process of inferior oil is characterized by catalytic cracking the inferior oil to obtain light diesel fuel cut fraction, returning it to catalytic cracker to recycle, extracting the obtained heavy diesel fuel cut fraction from solvent, extracting residual oil and returning to catalytic cracker to recycle. It has higher recovery rate, better quality and more yield of product. It can be used for various inferior fuel heavy oils, catalytic raw materials, shale oil and coal tar.

Production of biomass hydrogen-enriching fuel gas is carried out by thermal cracking for biomass raw materials at 550-650 deg. C under isolated air, converting it into gas-phase product and residual carbon, separating residual carbon from gas-phase product, transferring out of reacting system, burning to obtain heat energy, cracking at 800-950 deg. C and reforming into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons. It combines bitter spar catalyst and steam; it can eliminate tar, decrease methane content and increase hydrogen content. Hydrogen content reaches to 30%-55 wt%.

The invention relates to the field of coal chemical industry, and more specifically relates to a method of extracting phenolic compounds from coal liquefied oil or coal tar. The method comprises the following steps: 1) distilling coal liquefied oil or coal tar and cutting to obtain fractions at a temperature of 260 DEG C; 2) mixing an extractant with the obtained fractions and layering the extractant; 3) separating and collecting the extractant layer which contains phenolic compounds; 4) carrying out multistage back extraction on the phenolic compounds so as to obtain a stripping agent-phenol solution and an extractant; 5) separating the stripping agent-phenol solution by rectification, recovering the stripping agent for cyclic utilization, and carrying out separation to obtain crude phenols; 6) removing entrained neutral oil in phenolic compounds by water vapour so as to obtain crude phenol products. The method of extracting phenolic compounds from coal liquefied oil or coal tar provided in the invention avoids the usage of soda acid, exerts no influence on subsequent treating processes, and guarantees high recovery rate and purity of phenols.

The invention discloses a visible heating atomizing cigarette which comprises a cigarette body and a cigarette holder. The cigarette body comprises a heating area, an atomizing area and a power source area. The heating area, the atomizing area and the power source area of the cigarette body are sequentially communicated with the cigarette holder through an airflow channel. A case of the heating area is made of heat-insulating transparent materials. Tobacco shreds or remanufactured tobacco leaves are filled in the heating area. Heating wires are arranged between the case and the tobacco shreds. A liquid storing cavity is formed in the atomizing area. The liquid storing cavity is connected with an atomizer in the power source area. The power source area is formed by electrically connecting a battery, a control circuit, a pneumatic inductive switch and the atomizer. When the visible heating atomizing cigarette is burnt and smoked, a user can breathe mixed smoke which is generated after heating of the tobacco shreds and atomizing of fragrance into the mouth through suction, and the sucking effect which is the same as that of a common cigarette is achieved. The visible heating atomizing cigarette has the dual advantages of electronic cigarettes and electrical heating cigarettes and is large in smoke amount, the amount of released harmful ingredients can be reduced greatly, tar cannot be generated, harm of passive smoking and the smoke of side flowing are avoided, and the visible heating atomizing cigarette is an effective substitute of a traditional combustible cigarette.

The invention discloses a novel carbon heating electronic cigarette which is formed by a carbon heating area, an electronic atomization area and a cigarette holder in sequence. The carbon heating area, the electronic atomization area and the cigarette holder are separated one another through breathable partition plates. The carbon heating area is formed by a carbolic matter heat source, an aerosol forming part and a fragrance forming part in sequence. The electronic atomization area is formed by connecting a power supply, an atomizer and a liquid storage cavity electrically. The cigarette holder is a conventional cellulore filter stick. When the novel carbon heating electronic cigarette is sucked, the carbolic matter heat source heats aerosol forming matters and pipe tobacco to form aerosol, sucked airflow triggers a pneumatic inductive switch to be opened, the atomizer works, tobacco liquid in the liquid storage cavity is atomized to form smog, and the smog and the aerosol are sucked into a mouth. The novel carbon heating electronic cigarette integrates advantages of carbon heating type cigarettes and advantages of electronic cigarettes, is novel in appearance and easy to manufacture, does not generate sidestream gas, can meet requirements for cigarette fragrance and nicotine of a consumer, and is low in the content of tar and harmful ingredients.

The invention discloses a filter material for cigarette filter and the preparation method. Based on the expanded cabo particles from <The Preparation Method of an Expanded Cabo Particles and Relevant Equipment> (Application No.: 200710065892.3), the expanded cabo particles are extracted, shaped and selected as so to become the required filter material. The filter material utilizes the waste in the cigarette production, which not only has significant economic benefits, but also is not necessary to be recycled, and will not cause the abrasion of equipment and affect the sensory quality of cigarette. The filter material is uniformly arranged on the filter tows so as to make a composite filter; as the composite is applicable to the cigarette, the smell of the cigarette will be more clear and soft, and the tar and nicotine content in the smoke gas can be reduced effectively. The invention has the advantages that: the operation is simple; the effect is remarkable, therefore the invention has a good applicable prospect.

The present invention discloses an atomization assembly and an electronic cigarette. An atomization assembly comprises a transparent atomization sleeve. One end of the atomization sleeve is connected to a connection column, and the other end of the atomization sleeve is detachably connected to an atomization core configured to atomize smoke tar. A vent-pipe with two ends being inserted into the connection column and the atomization core respectively is sheathed in the atomization sleeve, and a first oil storage container for storing the smoke tar is formed between the atomization sleeve and the vent-pipe. The following advantageous effects can be achieved: the user can disassemble the suction nozzle cover at regular time to clean the liquid smoke stored in the oil storage container; besides, it is convenient to change the atomization core, to view the residual smoke tar and to add the smoke tar.

The invention provides a combination method for hydrocracking of a coal tar whole-fraction suspended bed and hydro-upgrading of a fixed bed. In the method disclosed by the invention, a slurry-bed hydrocracking reactor is a circulating reactor, an adopted catalyst is a high-activity oil-soluble dispersible compound, and the adopted catalysts are a supported hydrorefining catalyst and a hydrocracking catalyst. In the process, the adopted reaction pressure is 12-20 MPa, the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil is 500-1200 Nm<3>/m<3>, the reaction temperature is 350-450 DEG C, and the volume space velocity is 0.3-1.5/h. In the process, when coal tar whole-fractions are treated, the yields of naphtha, diesel oil and vacuum gas oil are 85-90 wt % higher than the yield of distillate oil, the yield of unconverted tail oil is less than 10 wt %, the obtained naphtha and diesel oil conform to the national V quality standards, and the vacuum gas oil can be used as a raw material of a catalytic cracking device or a raw material for producing base oil of low-freezing-point special lubricating oil.

A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolysed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone. The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.

The invention discloses an electronic cigarette liquid prepared from strong-flavor tobacco. The liquid is made by mixing 10% to 30% of strong-flavor tobacco leaf extract, 5% to 10% flavoring essence for tobacco, 1% to 5% flavoring spices for tobacco, 5% to 10% deionized water, 10% to 20% glycerol, and the balance being propylene glycol. The strong-flavor tobacco leaf extract is selected from the group consisting of strong-flavor flue-cured tobacco leaf extract in Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan, or the mixtures thereof. The electronic cigarette liquid takes the strong-flavor tobacco leaf extract as a main component, so that the smell and the taste of electronic cigarettes are closer to the traditional cigarette. The electronic cigarette liquid is used for atomization of the electronic cigarettes without production of tar or carbon dioxide, so that the harm to consumers is greatly reduced and the harm of second-hand smoke is avoided.

Provided is a hydrocarbon tar. The tar has 75 wt % or more of aromatics of 10 carbons to 75 carbons based on the total weight of the tar. The aromatics exhibit 40% to 80% aromaticity. The tar has a boiling point of from 300° F. to 1350° F. There is also a fuel oil composition having the tar therein. There are also processes for making the hydrocarbon tar.

The invention discloses a novel mesoporous material for adsorbing tar, phenol and special nitrosamine in tobacco and so on, in mainstream smoke of the tobacco. The mesoporous material with high adsorption property is used as an addition material for filter tips of cigarettes; and the mesoporous material is a mesoporous molecular sieve with a three-dimensional mesh microstructure and monolithic appearance such as SBA-15,or is a SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve material which is plated with a liquid film or is modified by metal oxides such as zirconia and is provided with the three-dimensional mesh microstructure and the monolithic appearance. The invention adopts a more convenient and effective method to develop the SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve material with the three-dimensional mesh microstructure and the monolithic appearance and modify the surface/a surface layer, has good performance of intercepting environmental toxins such as interception particulate phase matters and phenol in smoke, has the characteristics of saving energy, saving time, and reducing environmental pollution during the preparation, can also reduce cost, and has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention relates to a combustible material plasma high-temperature gasification technique and equipment thereof. The technique comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a coke bed layer at the bottom part of a gasification furnace; secondly, putting the combustible material, a fluxing agent and an extra coke on the coke bed layer continuously to form a fuel bed layer; then injecting a primary oxidizing agent, starting a first-stage plasma torch to generate high temperature and high heat, forming a fusing zone at the joint of the coke bed layer and the fuel bed layer, forming a gasifying zone above the fusion zone, gasifying the combustible material to generate crude synthesis gas, and discharging the generated fused slag from the bottom part of the gasification furnace; then introducing the crude synthesis gas into a gas-solid separator for removing impurities to obtain purified synthesis gas; and finally introducing the purified synthesis gas into a detarrer, injecting a secondary oxidizing agent, starting a second-stage plasma torch to generate high temperature and high heat, cracking residual tar therein to obtain fined synthesis gas. The equipment mainly comprises three parts, namely the gasification furnace, the gas-solid separator and the detarrer. The fuel has good adaptability, high gasification efficiency, few tar content in the synthesis gas and high activeingredient.

The invention relates to a process of preparing tobacco stalk granule, comprising following steps: (1) expanding and drying stalk with microwave drying machine to make the water content of stalk be between 4%-10%; (2) granulating stalk; (3) humidifying the granular stalk to make the water content be increased to 10-20%; (4) adding flavoring agents into granular stalk; (5) storing. The filling value of produced granular stalk is higher and the cut tobacco consummation can be greatly reduced, the wooden smell can also be reduced, and the coke tar and nicotine content can be considerably reduced. The invention is characterized by simple and successive process and low treating cost.

The invention discloses a cured tobacco type low-tar cigarette prescription and preparation thereof. The cured tobacco type low-tar cigarette comprises cut tobacco, a filter rod, and cigarette paper. The cut tobacco is prepared by: 15-22 by weight parts of faint scent type tobacco leaf, 28-40 by weight parts of aroma type tobacco leaf, 25-35 by weight parts of middle scent type tobacco leaf, 8-15 by weight parts of air-cured tobacco, 10-20 by weight parts of papermaking flake, 10-20 by weight parts of stalk. The middle scent type tobacco leaf in the prescription is processed by tobacco leaf scent type modifier, so as to add fragrance to tobacco leaves, and modify scent type. The faint scent type tobacco leaf in the prescription is processed by cured tobacco leaf tar lowering fragrance adding agent, so as to make faint scent feature more outstanding and lower tar releasing quantity. An odor-absorbing modifying agent and a fluid producing agent are added combined with perfuming in cigarette making process, and a safe cured tobacco type low-tar cigarette with fragrant, gentle smell, and obvious individual characteristic. Tar content of the cured tobacco type low-tar cigarette is 3mg-8mg per one cigarette.

The invention provides a green circular economy technology with coal coking as the main part. The technical scheme of the technology is as follows: a coal coking part, a coal tar processing part, a carbon black part and a part of combined power and thermoelectricity generation by coke oven gas are organically combined to form the relationship of industrial metabolism, symbiosis and coupling; suchmeasures as differentially utilizing tail gas of carbon black, recovering energy of coke drying quenching, reducing, recycling and changing the three wastes into resources, etc., enable resources to be saved, production cost to be reduced and pollution to be lessened; therefore, economic benefits of coal coking enterprises are maximized and the green circular economy technology is realized indeed. The invention also provides an apparatus for realizing the green circular economy technology with coal coking as the main part.

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to a evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar.

The present invention relates to energy source apparatus, and is one kind of simple biomass-coal mixture gasifying method and apparatus capable of producing high heat value gas and no tar. Inside fluidized bed gasifying furnace, biomass and coal as gasified material is burnt and gasified intermittently. In the burning stage, coal and blast are supplied to the furnace, so that coal is burnt in fluidizing state to produce heat; in the gasifying stage, vapor and biomass are supplied to the furnace, so that the high temperature carbon material layer produces water gas reaction in fluidizing state and biomass is dry distilled and pyrolyzed at high temperature to produce high heat value gas, which is cooled and made to enter the gas purifying system. By combining of biomass and coal with different advantages, the present invention produces high heat value fuel gas without tar.

The invention relates to the method to produce clean oil by coal tar, especially the hydrocracking technology of the coal tar. The characteristic of the invention includes: after removing the mechanical impurities and water, the coal tar enters the hydrogenation refining reactor to hydrogenate, remove the metal, remove sulphur, remove nitrogen and remove oxygen to get the refined oil; the refined oil enters the fractionator to separate the heavy magnesium carbonate distillate and the light magnesium carbonate distillate; part of the heavy magnesium carbonate distillate enters the refining reactor and the other part enters the cracking reactor or all the heavy magnesium carbonate distillate enters the cracking reactor to get the hydrocracked oil; the hydrocracked oil enters the fractionator to be separated into light magnesium carbonate distillate and heavy magnesium carbonate distillate. Compared to the present technologies, the invention can broaden the source for clean oil producing and improve the quality of the coal tar products; besides, the catalyst in the invention has long service life and the device can operate steadily.

The invention discloses an electronic cigarette liquid prepared from flat-flavor tobacco. The liquid is made by mixing 10% to 30% of flat-flavor tobacco leaf extract, 5% to 10% flavoring essence for tobacco, 1% to 5% flavoring spices for tobacco, 5% to 10% deionized water, 10% to 20% glycerol, and the balance being propylene glycol. The flat-flavor tobacco leaf extract is selected from the group consisting of flat-flavor flue-cured tobacco leaf extract in Guizhou, Sichuan, Shandong, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin, or the mixtures thereof. The electronic cigarette liquid takes the flat-flavor tobacco leaf extract as a main component, so that the smell and the taste of electronic cigarettes are closer to the traditional flat-flavor cigarette. The electronic cigarette liquid is used for atomization of electronic cigarettes without production of tar or carbon dioxide, so that the harm to consumers is greatly reduced and the harm of second-hand smoke is avoided.

The invention discloses a low eutectic solvent for aromatic hydrocarbon separation. The low eutectic solvent is obtained by mixing hydrogen bond receptors and hydrogen bond donors according to a certain ratio (the molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10), and stirring till being in a uniform transparent state at 70-100 DEG C. The low eutectic solvent is low in toxicity, environment-friendly and high in efficiency, and can be applied to the process of separating aromatic hydrocarbons from non-aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar and petroleum oil.

The invention discloses a predisposing method of coal tar, which comprises the following steps: blending coal tar and fraction oil and aromatic hydrocarbon; extracting; removing most of impurity from coal tar; fitting for deep manufacturing of liquefied oil and shale oil.

The various embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the process of gasification and the production of synthesis gas. More particularly, the various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the process of biomass gasification and the reduction or elimination of tars from the hydrocarbon-rich product gas derived from biomass gasification. The present invention comprises systems and methods for the reduction of tar from a synthesis gas derived from biomass gasification.