2696 results about "Side product" patented technology

The present invention is a method for removing deposited etch byproducts from surfaces of a semiconductor processing chamber after a copper etch process. The method of the invention comprises the following general steps: (a) an oxidation step, in which interior surfaces of the processing chamber are contacted with an oxidizing plasma; (b) a first non-plasma cleaning step, in which interior surfaces of the processing chamber are contacted with an H+hfac-comprising gas; and (c) a second cleaning step, in which interior surfaces of the processing chamber are contacted with a plasma containing reactive fluorine species, whereby at least a portion of the copper etch byproducts remaining after step (b) are volatilized into gaseous species, which are removed from the processing chamber. The method of the invention is preferably performed at a chamber wall temperature of at least 150° C. in order to achieve optimum cleaning of the chamber at the chamber operating pressures typically used during the cleaning process. The dry cleaning method of the invention can be performed between wafer processing runs without opening the processing chamber, thereby minimizing potential contamination to the chamber as well as chamber downtime.

The process of producing sodium sulfate and sodium chloride in a Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O system belongs to the field of mixed inorganic solution evaporating separation technology. Mixed solution of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride as material is first evaporated and then separated to obtain sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and evaporated mother liquor; the evaporated mother liquor is low temperature evaporated and separated to obtain sodium chloride and salt-making mother liquor; and the salt-making mother liquor is evaporated and separated to obtain sodium sulfate and saltpeter-making mother liquor. The present invention has the features of high main and side product quality, high material adaptability, low cost, low cost, no waste draining, etc.

On-board ILS sensors for detecting illegal drugs and based on intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) are provided for detecting the presence of drugs and their metabolized by-product vapors in an enclosed space, such as a vehicle. The sensor comprises: (a) a laser comprising a gain medium having two opposed facets within a laser resonator and functioning as an intracavity spectroscopic device having a first end and a second end, the first end operatively associated with a partially reflecting (i.e., partially transmitting) surface; (b) a reflective or dispersive optical element (e.g., a mirror or a diffraction grating) operatively associated with the second end to define a broadband wavelength laser resonator between the optical element and the first end and to thereby define an external cavity region between at least one facet of the gain medium and either the first end or the second end or both ends; (c) the external cavity region being exposed to air in the enclosed space to enable any drugs or their metabolized by-product molecules to enter thereinto; (d) a detector spaced from the first end; (e) appropriate electronics for measuring and analyzing the detector signal; (f) a housing for containing at least the laser, the partially reflecting surface, and the optical element, the housing being configured to prevent escape of stray radiation into the enclosed space and to permit air from the enclosed space to continuously circulate through the external cavity region for analysis; and (g) means for driving the laser (e.g., electrical or optical). A method is provided for measuring concentration of drug vapors and their metabolized by-product vapors in the vehicle or other enclosed space employing the on-board sensor. The method comprises: (1) sensing any drugs and their metabolized by-product vapors in the enclosed space by the on-board sensor; and (2) providing a signal indicative of presence of any drugs or metabolized vapors.

The present invention relates generally to roofing or siding products. The present invention relates more particularly to roofing or siding products for use with photovoltaic elements, and to photovoltaic systems that include one or more photovoltaic elements joined to a roofing or siding substrate. In one embodiment, a roofing product includes a rigid roofing or siding substrate having a top surface, the top surface having one or more receptor zones thereon, each receptor zone being adapted to receive one or more photovoltaic elements, each receptor zone having a different surfacing than the area of the top surface adjacent to it.

The invention discloses a method for preparing monopotassium phosphate by using wet-process phosphoric acid. The method comprises the following steps: reacting carbonyl diamide and wet-process phosphoric acid to obtain an intermediate; reacting the intermediate and potassium hydroxide to prepare a monopotassium phosphate product. The method has the advantages of short process route, low energy consumption, stable product quality, low production cost, convenience in operation and safety in production. A side product, namely, slurry can be recycled completely, an entire production process is environment-friendly, clean and free from pollution, and no waste gas, waste water or waste residues are discharged. A response is made to the policy calling of energy saving, emission reduction and clean production, the problems of complex process, instable product quality, high energy consumption and environmental pollution existing in the prior art are solved, and the purity of the obtained monopotassium phosphate product is more than or equal to 98 percent.

This invention relates to a process of treating a lignocellulosic material to produce bio-ethanol. The process includes the steps of: (a) exposing the lignocellulosic material to conditions including a pH not less than about 8, and steam at a first pressure, to produce a step (a) product; (b) explosively discharging the step (a) product to a second pressure less than the first pressure to produce a step (b) product; and (c) further processing the step (b) product to produce bio-ethanol and other co-products. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a conical auger fractionation column. The fractionation column includes a column body having an input and an output. A conical filter is positioned inside the column body, the filter having a larger diameter end directed toward the input and a smaller diameter end directed toward the output. A conical auger is positioned inside the conical filter, the conical auger having an outer diameter which is approximately the same as an inner diameter of the conical filter. The auger and filter are adapted to cooperate to separate cellulosic solids from a liquid stream in a process of producing bio-ethanol from a lignocellulosic material.

The present invention provides a method for the covalent immobilization of biomolecules on polymers for delivery of the biomolecules, which has the advantage of being simple, highly efficient, environmentally friendly and free of side products relative to traditional immobilization techniques. The invention provides a modified micro/nanoparticle system, which uses a functionalized polymer formed into micro or nanoparticles to bind a molecule to the particles using uses facile chemistry, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition between a diene and a dienophile with the polymer being functionalized with one of them and the molecule with the other, or the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a terminal alkyne and an azide to bind the molecule to the particle. The molecules and/or other therapeutic agents may be encapsulated within the polymer particles for intravenous therapeutic delivery. The invention also provides a novel synthetic biodegradable polymer, a furan/alkyne-functionalized poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC)-based polymer, whose composition can be designed to meet the defined physical and chemical property requirements. In one example, the particle system self-aggregates from functionalized PTMC-based copolymers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments. The composition of the copolymers can be designed to meet various particle system requirements, including size, thermodynamic stability, surface PEG density, drug encapsulation capacity and biomolecule immobilization capacity.

The invention provides a method for continuous production of polyformaldehyde dimethyl ether. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a) feeding dimethoxymethane and hot-melted paraformaldehyde into a fixed bed reactor and adopting an acidic resin catalyst, so as to prepare polyformaldehyde dimethyl ether (DMM3-8), wherein the reaction temperature is 120-180 DEG C and the pressure is 0.1-10 MPa; b) cooling the reaction product, and then performing adsorptive separation through a dehydrating tower, so as to obtain polyformaldehyde dimethyl ether of which most water, cytidine glycol and hemiacetal are desorbed; c) feeding the polyformaldehyde dimethyl ether subjected to desorption into a distillation tower for separation, wherein most of a low-boiling component (dimethoxymethane (DMM)), poly-di-formaldehyde dimethyl ether (DMM2), a by-product (methanol) and triformol are extracted first, and then the materials in a tower kettle are fed into a rectifying tower in the next step, so as to extract the rest of the DMM2 and the triformol; and d) returning the low-boiling component (dimethoxymethane (DMM)), the methanol, the DMM2 and the triformol, which are evaporated out by the distillation tower and the rectifying tower in the last step, into the fixed bed reactor to continue to react to prepare polyformaldehyde dimethyl ether.

Novel methods of synthesizing multiple copies of a target nucleic acid sequence which are autocatalytic are disclosed (i.e., able to cycle automatically without the need to modify reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, or ionic strength and using the product of one cycle in the next one). In particular, methods of nucleic acid amplification are disclosed which are robust and efficient, while reducing the appearance of side-products. In general, the methods use priming oligonucleotides that target only one sense of a target nucleic acid, a promoter oligonucleotide modified to prevent polymerase extension from its 3′-terminus and, optionally, a means for terminating a primer extension reaction, to amplify RNA or DNA molecules in vitro, while reducing or substantially eliminating the formation of side-pro ducts. The disclosed methods minimizes or substantially eliminate the emergence of side-products, thus providing a high level of specificity. Furthermore, the appearance of side-products can complicate the analysis of the amplification reaction by various molecular detection techniques. The disclosed methods minimize or substantially eliminate this problem, thus providing enhanced levels of sensitivity.

The invention relates to a method for recovering a carbon-fiber enhanced epoxy resin composite material. In the existing method, the requirement for equipment is high and the recovery cost is large. The method comprises the following steps of: cutting materials needing to be decomposed into blocks with the volume being 5cm<3>, putting the blocks in a backflow device containing acid liquor, heating for 5-20 minutes at the temperature of boiling point, cleaning and carrying out vacuum drying; then putting the obtained mixture into a reaction kettle, adding an organic solvent and an oxidizing agent, firstly heating, then cooling to normal temperature, and obtaining a primary product; and after cleaning, putting a solid product in the primary product into industrial acetone solution for dipping, obtaining recovered carbon fiber and carrying out pressure-reduced distillation on a liquid product to obtain phenol and derivatives thereof. In the method, reaction under low temperature and low pressure is realized and has the advantages of moderate reaction condition, easy control of reaction, fewer side products, no pollution basically and no corrosion to equipment and the like, so that the method is a green recovering method.

There are provided bioproducts and methods of improving production of the bioproducts from engineered microbial cells, the methods comprising: providing a fermentation broth comprising a crude carbon source; inoculating said fermentation broth with said microbial cells; and incubating the inoculated fermentation broth; wherein said bioproduct is a hydrophobic solvent immiscible with said fermentation broth, and wherein a toxic side product present in said crude carbon source is soluble in said hydrophobic solvent. Also, provided are kits for practicing the methods of improving production of bioproducts.

The invention provides a production device system for preparing polymethoxy dimethyl ether (PODE) and a process for preparing the PODE by using the production device system. The production device system comprises a reaction system, an adsorption deacidification system, a first rectification tower system, an adsorption dewatering system, a second rectification tower system and a third rectification tower system. The production device system and the process disclosed by the invention have the advantages that (1) a reaction product is subjected to deacidification before rectification separation, so that decomposition of the reaction product in the rectification separation process is avoided; (2) the reaction product is subjected to deacidification by adopting a fixed bed, so that waste alkali residue produced by an alkali washing method is avoided; (3) un-reacted materials are dewatered before circular reaction, so that excessive hemiacetal byproduct produced due to excessive water of the reaction system is avoided; (4) unreacted methylal, formaldehyde, PODE2 and PODE5-8 are returned to a reactor after rectification separation and reacted, so that the yield of the target product PODE3-4 is improved.

A catalyst for preparing lower carbon number hydrocarbons and parallel aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic hydrocarbon pyrolysis, comprises molecular sieve with bore diameter of 0.45-0.7 nm, nonshaped-set oxide compound and at least two modified elements from phosphor, alkaline-earth metal, lithium and tombarthite. Its preparing process comprises, (1) preparing catalyst base material from crystallization shaped molecular sieve and silicon or aluminum containing amorphous substance or aperture structure modifier through mixing modeling, (2) preparing type-H catalyst base material through sintering, (3) soaking or exchanging catalyst base material by one or more modifying solution through one-step or multistep mode, and drying and sintering for preparation of catalyst.

The invention discloses an ultrafine lead oxide prepared by using a waste lead plaster and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: carrying out desulphurization process by mixing the waste lead plaster with an aqueous solution containing a composite desulfurizer for reaction; carrying out filtration to remove the desulphurization filtering solution to obtain the desulfurated lead plaster (filter residue); carrying out a leaching and crystal transformation process by adding a citric acid solution and a reducing agent into the desulfurated lead plaster obtained in the process, and carrying out filtration, washing, and drying to obtain the lead citrate after the desulfurated lead plaster reacts with the citric acid solution; carrying out a roasting process by roasting the lead citrate to obtain the ultrafine lead oxide. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the ultrafine lead oxide is prepared from the waste lead storage lead plaster; a two-step leaching process is adopted; the filtering solution is simple in ingredient and can be recycled; a side product is recycled from the desulphurization solution. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is low in energy consumption, simple in equipment, high in lead recycling rate, and high in ultrafine lead product quality, and has the characteristics of good resource recycling effect, environmentally-friendly and pollution-free production process, and capability of clean production.

The invention provides a catalyst for preparing propylene byproduct high-octane gasoline by taking methanol as a raw material and a preparation method of the catalyst. The catalyst belongs to a ZSM-5 crystallized aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst. The catalyst is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-89.9 parts of a modified porous-grade MFI structure molecular sieve, 10-60 parts of an inorganic oxide binding agent and 0.1-10 parts of metal oxide. The invention provides the catalyst for preparing the propylene byproduct high-octane gasoline by taking the methanol as the raw material, which has high propylene yield and high P/E weight ratio, few byproducts, good activity stability of the catalyst, high selectivity on propylene and high octane of the byproduct gasoline. The invention provides a preparation method of the catalyst for preparing the propylene byproduct high-octane gasoline by taking the methanol as the raw material, which has the advantages that the equipment investment is saved, the operation is simple and convenient and the production cost is low.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for a page test at a front end. The front end is in interaction with a rear end. The method comprises the following steps of: analyzing a simulation file by a simulation platform to acquire test simulation data; sending the test simulation data and a file path of a page template to a template engine; reading the page template by the template engine according to the file path, and generating a page according to the test simulation data and the page template; receiving the page sent from the template engine; and testing the page by using a test request when the test request is received. The method and device provided in the embodiment of the invention are used for separating the front end from the rear end, the finally-required page template is generated by testing at the front end, and side products are reduced; and moreover, the page template can be seamlessly integrated with the rear end, thus, the development of the front end and the rear end can be parallelly proceeded, and the development speed is increased.

The invention discloses a technological method for producing high-purity low-iron aluminum sulfate by using coal ash and comprehensively utilizing the coal ash, comprising the following steps of: carrying out mechanical activation, flotation decarburization, magnetic separation for deferrization, aluminum extraction with sulfuric acid, solid-liquid separation, concentration of aluminum sulfate crude liquor, organic alcohol alcoholization for acid rinse, organic alcohol alcoholization for deferrization and aluminum sulfate dewatering and drying on the coal ash to obtain the high-purity low-iron aluminum sulfate with low Fe content. The invention solves the problems on impurity removal and purification of the aluminum sulfate in the recycling process of the coal ash, simplifies the process flow, reduces the energy consumption, solves the technical problem of overlarge accumulation of secondary residue quantity, achieves high extraction ratio of aluminum contained in the coal ash, and realizes the recycling of organic alcohol and sulfuric acid and the comprehensive utilization of side products including unburnt black, magnetic iron powder, iron-containing aluminum sulfate crystals, high-silicon-dust active mineral blending materials or novel silicon-magnesium cement, and the like. The technological method has the advantages of simple process, short flow, easiness for control of a production process, high aluminum extraction ratio, low impurity content of products and stable quality.

The present invention relates to a new type chemical material and its preparation. L-sulforamidate-type chiral ionic liquid is prepared through the full reaction of aqueous L-amino acid solution with98% sulfuric acid. The produced L-sulforamidate-type chiral ionic liquid has the features of both ionic liquid and chiral matter. The reaction has high product purity, low cost, no exhausted pollutant and no side product, and is suitable for application in large scale industrial production. The new material is capable of becoming environmentally friendly important chemical material.

A process for synthesizing polyol fatty acid polyesters comprising the steps of (1) mixing ingredients comprising (a) unesterified first polyol having hydroxyl groups, (b) second polyol esterified with fatty acids, (c) basic catalyst, and (d) emulsifying agent to form a mixture of ingredients; (2) reacting the mixture of ingredients at a temperature sufficient to obtain a transesterification reaction products and by-products; and (3) removing at least a portion of the by-products from the transesterification reaction mixture; and (4) further heating the transesterification reaction products and ingredients from step (3) at a temperature and for a time sufficient to esterify at least about 50% of the hydroxyl groups of the first polyol.

The invention provides a fermentation and recovery process for the production of biodiesel of commercial grade quality according to commercial and environmental standards (e.g., ASTM ANP, or EPA trace elements and emissions standards), by fermentation of carbohydrates using a genetically modified microorganism. The process provides a direct route for the production of fatty esters, without the need for producing oils which are later chemically transesterified with the concomitant production of large quantities of glycerin and other undesirable side-products.

The present invention provides a manufacturing method of copolyester for low acetaldehyde content of PET bottles. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer is added with an appropriate modifier in order to decrease the production of acetaldehyde caused by pyrolysis side reaction during the blow molding process of PET bottles. The modifier comprises stabilizer and primary antioxidant, wherein the stabilizer is an inorganic phosphorous compound with an addition quantity of 0.003~0.5 weight % based on the weight of the total copolyester copolymer and the primary antioxidant is a hindered phenolic antioxidant containing Ca+2 with an addition quantity of 0.005~5.0 weight % based on the weight of the total copolyester copolymer. The present invention owns an improving effect of decreasing the production of side product-acetaldehyde at least 30% than those without the addition of said modifier.

The invention relates to a recycled flue gas desulfurization and denitration method, which sequentially comprises the following steps of: introducing flue gas of SO2 and NOx into a desulfurizing tower, and absorbing the SO2 with a desulfurizing agent (barren liquor) in the desulfurizing tower; desorbing the desulfurizing agent (rich liquor) which absorbs the SO2 through a multi-effect evaporator,releasing the SO2 gas, and concentrating the SO2 gas into liquid SO2 through condensation drying; making the desulfurized flue gas enter a denitration tower, injecting gaseous ozone from an ozone generator, oxidizing the NO in the flue gas, absorbing the oxidized NO by using a denitrifier to form nitrate; crystallizing and separating out the nitrate in the solution after the nitrate reaches certain concentration, and filtering and drying to obtain the nitrate product. The method turns the wastes into wealth, and the SO2 and NOx in the flue gas are recycled by higher-additional value liquid SO2 and nitrate products, so that the recycling and value maximization in the desulfurization and denitration process is realized. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the high desulfurization and denitration rate can be achieved, the desulfurization rate is over 96 percent, the denitration rate is more than 90 percent, and the purity of the nitrate product is over 96 percent. The method hasthe advantages of simple desulfurization and denitration process, low investment, and low operation cost for desulfurization and denitration, and solves the problems that the conventional desulfurization and denitration process has high cost, generates a side product of a mixture of sulfuric acid (sulfate) and nitric acid (nitrate), and has low additional value.

The present disclosure provides a method for etching trenches, contact vias, or similar features to a depth of 100 mum and greater while permitting control of the etch profile (the shape of the sidewalls surrounding the etched opening). The method requires the use of a metal-comprising masking material in combination with a fluorine-comprising plasma etchant. The byproduct produced by a combination of the metal with reactive fluorine species must be essentially non-volatile under etch process conditions, and sufficiently non-corrosive to features on the substrate being etched, that the substrate remains unharmed by the etch process. Although aluminum is a preferred metal for the metal-comprising mask, other metals can be used for the masking material, so long as they produce an essentially non-volatile, non-corrosive etch byproduct under etch process conditions. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, metallic materials recommended for the mask include aluminum, cadmium, copper, chromium, gallium, indium, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and combinations thereof. In particular, aluminum in combination with copper or magnesium is particularly useful, where the copper or magnesium content is less than about 8% by weight, and other constituents total less than about 2% by weight. The plasma feed gas includes at least one fluorine-containing compound such as nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), by way of example and not by way of limitation. Oxygen (O2), or an oxygen-comprising compound, or hydrogen bromide (HBr), or a combination thereof may be added to the plasma feed gases to help provide a protective layer over etched sidewalls, assisting in profile control of the etched feature.

The present invention is ultrasonic process of preparing theasaponin and belongs to the field of agricultural side product processing technology. The technological scheme is that tea seed cake residue after extracting oil is processed through crushing, mixing with organic solvent, ultrasonic leaching, separating, recovering solvent, ultrafiltering to purify and to obtain theasaponin concentrate, decolorizing and drying to obtain theasaponin product. The present invention has the beneficial effects of physical extraction process caused high theasaponin extracting rate, high product purity and quality, simple technological process with low power consumption and low production cost, less pollution, etc.

Deicing compositions comprised of glycerol-containing by-products of triglyceride processing processes are disclosed.

The invention relates to a preparation method, a structural feature and an application of a carrying type nanometer electrocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dispersing carriers such as carbon black into a hydrophobic solvent containing a surfactant, wherein the carriers provide supporting functions for supporting active sites for nucleating and growing of nanometer particles and the surfactant provides a template function for controlling the growing of the nanometer particles, and adding water-soluble metal salt and a reducing agent into a mixture having double functions of supporting and a template in a microcosmic reaction environment, so as to obtain the carrying type nanometer electrocatalysts with different carrying capacities; and carrying out washing for a plurality of times under a low temperature (100 DEG C), and effectively removing the surfactant and other side products in products. According to the preparation method, the structural feature and the application of the carrying type nanometer electrocatalyst, the average grain diameter is less than 5nm, and the size distribution is less than 20%; the operation of the method is simple, the reaction is quick, the nanometer electrocatalyst featured with the small average grain diameter, the narrow size distribution and high metal carrying capacity (50 Wt%) can be prepared, and the amplifying and the synthesizing are easy; and the prepared carrying type nanometer electrocatalyst can be applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The invention aims at the chemical engineering field, relates to a treatment process of an aluminum alloy anodic oxidation waste liquid and specifically relates to a process for recovering aluminum ions and sulfuric acid from an aluminum alloy anodic oxidation tank. The process comprises a step of circularly cooling an oxidation liquid, a step of crystalizing aluminum ions and recovering side-products, a step of recovering a sulfuric acid oxidization liquid, a step of air agitation and a step of defrosting an exchanger. The invention provides a brand-new treatment process which is capable of completely recovering the aluminum ions in the anodic oxidation waste liquid by virtue of crystallization treatment and realizing circulating utilization of a crystallization mother liquor, and therefore, the treatment process can be used for realizing turning waste into wealth and changing from passive to active; in addition, the aluminum ion concentration working range of the oxidation tank liquid is reduced to the optimal range of 3-10g/L from 10-20g/L for the first time, and therefore, the structure of an aluminum alloy oxide film is optimized, the resistance of the tank liquid is reduced and oxidization energy conservation is realized. The process is a comprehensive circulating process which is reasonable in design, and consequently, the production cost of an aluminum processing enterprise is reduced and remarkable economic benefit can be achieved.

Disclosed are processes and apparatus for producing a carboxylic acid. The processes employ a concentration section disposed before and/or after a product isolation section, which allows for oxidation byproducts produced in the process to exit the product isolation section with the isolated carboxylic acid product and/or to be combined with the isolated carboxylic acid product downstream of the product isolation section at a rate of at least about 15 percent of the net make rate of the oxidation byproducts in the production process.

The present invention relates to polynary metal cluster as water purifying material and its preparation process and use. The water purifying material is prepared with porous material in 50-99 wt%, and two or more metals of Ag, Cu, Zn and RE in 1-50 wt%. The preparation process includes: selecting metal source; adding the metal source directly or after being compounded into water solution into the porous material to form combined body; and introducing reductant after roasting. Water to be purified is made to flow through the water purifying material or mixed with the water purifying material for purifying. The water purifying material has great specific surface area, high activity and high homogeneity, and may be used to eliminate water soluble heavy metal ion, micro organic pollutant, residual chlorine and sterilizing side product in high effect.

Disclosed are processes and apparatus for producing a carboxylic acid. The processes employ a concentration section disposed before and/or after a product isolation section, which allows for oxidation byproducts produced in the process to exit the product isolation section with the isolated carboxylic acid product and/or to be combined with the isolated carboxylic acid product downstream of the product isolation section at a rate of at least about 15 percent of the net make rate of the oxidation byproducts in the production process.