257results about "Liquid-gas reaction as foam/aerosol/bubbles" patented technology

The invention is a continuous process for the preparation of polytrimethylene ether glycol from 1,3-propanediol reactant. In addition, the invention is directed to a continuous multi-stage process comprising reacting at least one reactant in a liquid phase in an up-flow column reactor, and forming a gas or vapor phase by-product wherein the gas or vapor phase by-product is continuously removed at the top and at least one intermediate stage.

The invention relates to processes and plants for continuous solution polymerization. Such plant and processes include a pressure source, a polymerization reactor, downstream of said pressure source, pressure let-down device, downstream of said polymerization reactor, and a separator, downstream of said pressure let-down device, wherein said pressure source is sufficient to provide pressure to said reaction mixture during operation of said process plant to produce a single-phase liquid reaction mixture in said reactor and a two-phase liquid-liquid reaction mixture in said separator in the absence of an additional pressure source between said reactor and said separator.

The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence times using solar energy. In particular, the present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal reactions such as dissociation of hydrocarbon containing gases and hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and dry reforming of hydrocarbon containing gases with carbon dioxide. In the methods of the invention where hydrocarbon containing gases are dissociated, fine carbon black particles are also produced. The present invention also provides solar-thermal reactors and solar-thermal reactor systems.

Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

The present invention provides an environmentally beneficial process using concentrated sunlight to heat radiation absorbing particles to carry out highly endothermic gas phase chemical reactions ultimately resulting in the production of hydrogen or hydrogen synthesis gases.

The present invention is directed to a process to remove impurities from triacylglycerol oil including mixing the oil and a fluidic agent, pumping the mixture through a flow-through hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus at a pre-determined inlet pump pressure, creating hydrodynamic cavitation in the mixture, maintaining the hydrodynamic cavitation for a pre-determined period of time, moving the impurities from the oil to the fluidic agent, and then separating the fluidic agent from the oil. The impurities can include phytosterols, sterol glucosides, acylated sterol glucosides, in which case the fluidic agent is water, an alkali hydroxide, an inorganic base, an organic base, phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid or a mixture thereof. The impurities may also include phosphatides, in which case and the fluidic agent comprises water and an enzyme such as phospholipase, a lipid acyltransferase or a mixture thereof.

Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

A device and method for generating cyclopropene gas comprising bubbling a gas through a vessel that contains water. A cyclopropene/cyclodextrin complex is added to the water to form an aqueous suspension. Cyclopropenes are used to inhibit the ethylene response in plants and plant products, such as fruits a nd vegetables. The device of the invention may treat small volume facilities as well as very large volume storage facilities, such as warehouses and the like. The bubbled gas rapidly and completely liberates the cyclopropene gas from its cyclodextrin carrier to provide a cost effective and efficient treatment against the ethylene response in plants.

A process for increasing alcohol yield from biomass (the form or agro- or forest residue, grains, hops, etc.), involving multiple hydrodynamic cavitation treatments of biomass filtrate—both before and after fermentation. Carbohydrates extracted from biomass are subjected to a first cavitation treatment to promote additional conversion into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are then combined with bacterial species and nutrients, and allowed to ferment. The fermentation product is subjected to a second hydrodynamic cavitation treatment to promote further conversion of carbohydrates into bioalcohol. After distillation, the bioalcohol is subjected to a second hydrodynamic cavitation treatment to increase its purity.

The invention relates to a modelling method for a phase contact area structure-activity adjusting and controlling model for a micro-interface enhanced reactor. A general expression of a gas-liquid interface area of a micro-interface enhanced reactor, a general expression of the gas content of the micro-interface enhanced reactor and an expression of the rising speed of air bubbles in a gas-liquid system of the micro-interface enhanced reactor are established in sequence; a structure-activity adjusting and controlling model of the phase contact area of the micro-interface enhanced reactor is acquired; the blank of prior art is filled up. According to the method provided by the invention, the reaction efficiency (energy efficiency and physical efficiency) of an ultrafine gas-liquid particle reaction system, physical and chemical characteristics of the system, micro-interface characteristics, mass transfer characteristics and a reactor structure are associated according to a mathematical method, so that the maximization target of the energy efficiency and the physical efficiency in a reacting process can be achieved by adjusting structural parameters and operation parameters; or under a specified reaction target (task) and energy consumption and physical consumption, a high-efficiency reactor structure is designed.

Methods and apparatus for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor. Such methods and apparatus can more evenly distribute the gas throughout the reaction zone. Spargers for introducing a gas into the reaction zone of a reactor can be employed in systems and methods for carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound, such as para-xylene.

A liquid-gas phase reactor system including a slinger located in an upper section (headspace region) of a reaction vessel. The slinger comprises an upper horizontal surface including a plurality of vertically raised vanes extending radially outward along a curved path which effectively distribute liquid about the reactor vessel. A method for conducting an oxidation reaction using a liquid-gas phase reactor system is also disclosed. The disclosed reactor system and method have a broad range of applications but are particularly suited for the production of terephthalic acid.

A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from biolipids through transesterification and/or esterification reactions uses a flow-through cavitation device for generating cavitation bubbles in a fluidic reaction medium. The fluidic medium is passed through sequential compartments in the cavitation device having varying diameters and inner surface features to create localized reductions in fluid pressure thus vaporizing volatile alcohols and creating an increased surface area and optimized conditions for the reaction to occur at the gas-liquid interface around the bubbles.

The invention relates to a gas liquid reaction kettle adopting a spherical crown-shaped micropore corundum gas supply apparatus. The gas liquid reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body and a gas supply device, the reaction kettle body comprises a main kettle body, the gas supply device comprises the gas supply apparatus, the gas supply apparatus is arranged in the main kettle body, and thetop surface of the gas supply apparatus is a spherical surface; the gas supply apparatus is in a spherical crown shape and is of an integrated structure, and upper and lower surfaces of the gas supply apparatus release gas simultaneously; the gas liquid reaction kettle has the advantages of a large gas supply amount, high stirring intensity, low resistance, high efficiency, low consumption, reliable operation, no blockage, ageing resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life and the like; in addition, the superficial area of contact between gas and liquid is greatly increased through alarge number of fine bubbles, the reaction speed is increased, and the reaction efficiency is improved; in addition, during gas supply, a high self-stirring effect of a large number of small bubbles is achieved, a stirring device of a conventional gas liquid reaction kettle does not need to be arranged, the structure can be simplified, the cost is reduced, and if the stirring device is arranged, the speed and efficiency of a gas liquid reaction can be further improved.

A process for removing impurities from a crude vegetable oil. The process involves mixing the crude vegetable oil with removal reagents and pumping the mixture through a multi-stage, hydrodynamic cavitation device. The mixture is subjected to hydrodynamic cavitation processes, which result in the repeated generation and collapsing of vapor bubbles of volatile components in the process fluid, leading to the formation of an emulsion of vegetable oil and a water-phase from the process fluid into an emulsion. The water-phase contains the impurities. The vegetable oil and water-phase are then separated. Lecithin may be made from the phospholipids in the water-phase after appropriate drying processes.

The present invention realized the production of a water product having excellent physiological activity such as health promoting activity and the utilization of the water, in which ultrafine gold particles having a diameter as small as 1-2 figures in micron order, much smaller than any ordinary fine gold particles, are dissolved.

According to the present invention, an aqueous ultrafine gold particle solution is produced using an apparatus comprising a pressure-resistant vessel equipped with a high-pressure water tank, a jet nozzle, an ignition device, and a combustion chamber, in which a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and oxygen is combusted in highly pressurized water, in which gold leaf fragments are suspended, and then the gold leaf fragments are heated and melted by the resulting combustion gas.

A nano-cavitational generator for generating cavitational features in a fluidic medium. The generator is a static device that includes a series of chambers having varying diameters and flow areas to create variations in fluid velocity and pressure. The variations in fluid pressure create cavitational bubbles and eddies of internal pressure, which result in long-term, stable and ultra-thin emulsions and dispersions of the fluidic medium. The gas-liquid interface around the cavitational bubbles provides increased surface are for process reactions.