1046results about How to "Effective structure" patented technology

In accordance with the present invention, a consumer communicates a request for purchase of goods and services to a merchant, the goods and/or services being selected from these listed together with their price quotes on the merchant's computer or website connected to a network, such as the Internet. The merchant then communicates a request for a token and an update key to the clearing server, the token being previously purchased by the consumer and residing on a clearing server device. The update key is used as an authorization to modify the value of the token, i.e., to decrement and to increment. The merchant forwards the purchased merchandise to the consumer. When consumer discontinues making purchases at the selected merchant, the merchant returns the updated token to the clearing server. A new key is necessary to make the next purchase. This is the case even where the requesting merchant is the same as that from whom the last purchase was made. When the token is requested, if the token was used after its initial purchase, the present value of the token is made certain by receipt on the clearing server of informational downloads from the merchants.

The invention relates to a micro-interface enhanced reactor bubble scale structure-activity regulation and control model building method. The diameter dmax of the largest bubble of a micro-interface enhanced reactor and the diameter dmin of the smallest bubble of the micro-interface enhanced reactor serve as independent variables, the average diameter d32 of the bubble Sauter serve as a dependentvariable, and a numerical relationship is built; based on the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory, the relationship between the diameter dmax of the largest bubble of the micro-interface enhanced reactor, the diameter dmin of the smallest bubble and the parameters of the reactor is built. According to the method, the reactor bubble scale is associated with the structural parameter, the operation parameter andthe physical property parameter of the reactor by using specific numerical relationship, the numerical relationship has the guiding significance for the design of the reactor and can be applied to avariety of reactors, the versatility is good, by means of a bubble scale regulation and control model built through the method, by adjusting the structural parameter and the operation parameter of thereactor, and the maximization of energy efficiency and material efficiency in the reaction process can be achieved, or under the condition that reaction targets, energy consumption and material consumption are given, a high-efficiency reactor structure is designed.

This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. In certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.

A structure of a structure release and a manufacturing method are provided. The structure and manufacturing method are adapted for an interference display cell. The structure of the interference display cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode and at least one supporter. The second electrode has at least one hole and is arranged about parallel with the first electrode. The supporter is located between the first electrode and the second electrode and a cavity is formed. In the release etch process of manufacturing the structure, an etchant can pass through the hole to etch a sacrificial layer between the first and the second electrodes to form the cavity; therefore, the time needed for the process becomes shorter.

A silicon-based IR photodetector is formed within a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure by placing a metallic strip (preferably, a silicide) over a portion of an optical waveguide formed within a planar silicon surface layer (i.e., “planar SOI layer”) of the SOI structure, the planar SOI layer comprising a thickness of less than one micron. Room temperature operation of the photodetector is accomplished as a result of the relatively low dark current associated with the SOI-based structure and the ability to use a relatively small surface area silicide strip to collect the photocurrent. The planar SOI layer may be doped, and the geometry of the silicide strip may be modified, as desired, to achieve improved results over prior art silicon-based photodetectors.

A display device includes a substrate including a display region and a peripheral region, display structures at the display region of the substrate, a plurality of blocking structures at the peripheral region of the substrate wherein the blocking structures have heights different from each other, an organic layer on the display structures and the blocking structures, and an inorganic layer on the organic layer.

A curved composite aircraft frame comprises a multi-ply composite laminate having a generally Z-shaped cross section. At least certain of the laminate plies include unidirectional reinforcing fibers that are substantially tangent at substantially all points along the curvature of the frame.

The present invention relates to an LED light bulb utilizing LED light sheets with illuminated curved surfaces and can be used as a replacement bulb. The LED light bulb comprises an LED light engine having first and second LED modules with first and second illuminated curved surfaces facing toward different illumination zones I1, I2 respectively and attached to a thermally conducive support block with an increased curved surface area for heat dissipation. Said first and second illuminated curved surfaces are curved about first and second axes A, B respectively and are arranged to be offset from each other with said axes A and B substantially perpendicular to each other such that an improved illumination with direct lights shone to at least six different sides of the light bulb and subsequently a substantially spherical illumination of dispersed lights may be obtained along with an enhanced cooling of the light bulb.

The invention describes structures and a process for providing ESD protection between multiple power supply lines or buses on an integrated circuit chip. Special diode strings are used for the protection devices whereby the diodes are constructed across the boundary of an N-well and P substrate or P-well. The unique design provides very low leakage characteristics during normal circuit operation, as well as improved trigger voltage control achieved by stacking 2 or more diodes in a series string between the power buses.

The invention relates to a semiconductor device comprising a physical structure (50) for use in a physical unclonable function, wherein the physical structure (50) comprises a lead-zirconium titanate layer (25), and a silicon-comprising dielectric layer (27) deposited on the lead-zirconium-titanate layer (25), wherein the silicon-comprising dielectric layer (27) has a rough surface (SR), the physical structure (50) further comprising a conductive layer (30) provided on the rough surface (SR) of the silicon-comprising dielectric layer (27). The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such semiconductor device. The invention also relates to a card, such as a smartcard, and to a RFID tag comprising such semiconductor device. The inventors have found that depositing of a silicon- comprising dielectric layer (27) on a lead-zirconium titanate layer (25) using vapor deposition results in a silicon-comprising dielectric layer (27) having a rough surface (SR). This rough surface (SR) can be used in a PUF to make a resistor (R) with a variable random value by depositing a conductive layer (30) on the rough surface (SR). Alternatively, the combination of both layers (25, 27) can be used in a PUF as composite dielectric to make a capacitor (C) with a variable random capacitance value.

The wiper device for removing foreign substances that are stuck on a windshield can include: a lever assembly, having a plurality of levers in a tournament type coupled thereto; a contact member, being supported by the lever assembly and formed in the shape of a blade in close contact with the windshield so as to wipe out the foreign substances; and a cover member, provided in a plurality, each being coupled to the lever connecting a corresponding joint of the lever assembly. Accordingly, the parts of the lever assembly having the multi joint structure are effectively covered by the plurality of cover members, allowing for a simple appearance, and since each cover member is coupled with a corresponding lever and moves with the corresponding lever in an integrated manner, it becomes possible to prevent the levers from being exposed to an outside even while the wiper device is activated.

A method for determining a helical groove structure, for example in the form of flutes, in the surface of a finely finished cylindrical workpiece, in particular the ground mating bearing surface of radial shaft sealing rings, which is characterized in that a camera is used to record at least one image of the illuminated surface of the workpiece, which image reproduces the helical groove structure in the surface of the workpiece. A device for carrying out a method includes a CCD camera with a macrolens, a radial bearing device for the workpiece, an illuminating device and an image reading and image processing device.

Provided are a method for creating, editing and reproducing a multi-object audio content file for an object-based audio service and a method for creating audio presets. The multi-object audio content file creating method includes creating a plurality of frames for each audio object forming an audio content; and creating a multi-object audio content file by grouping and storing the frames according to each reproduction time. This invention can enhance functions of the object-based audio service and make it easy to access to each audio object of an audio content file.

A heat exchanger tube having an integral restricting and turbulating structure consisting of dimples formed by confronting indentations pressed into the sides of the heat exchanger tube. The dimples are comprised of indentations disposed in pairs which extend into the tube to such a depth as is necessary to significantly reduce the cross sectional area of the heat exchanger tube. The dimples of a pair are staggered or offset, longitudinally with respect to each other such that a restrictive passage is defined between each pair of offset dimples. The turbulence characteristics of the tube can be controlled by varying the depth to which the dimples project into the tube and the longitudinal spacing between the dimples that comprise the pair. Adjacent pairs of dimples may be rotated 90° with respect to each other or alternately can be arranged in a helix pattern.

A cold-cathode tube has hitherto been used as a backlight for supplying illumination to a liquid crystal television but recently, light emitting diode pieces have been used for a backlight of a large-size liquid crystal television. For the purpose of improving the emission efficiency, flip chip mounting of the light emitting diode piece is advantageous but the mounting yield is restricted by the piece size, electrode structure and wire pattern structure, facing situations having difficulties in realizing simplified mounting and reduction of costs of members. In a liquid crystal display apparatus having a liquid crystal panel, an optical system and a light source, the light source includes a light emitting element structure having positive and negative electrodes, at least one of them being plural, and wires mounted to the positive and negative electrodes through flip chip mounting by making electrical correspondence to individual regions of the positive and negative electrodes.

In the battery pack, a battery holder accommodates a plurality of cylindrical batteries disposed in a matrix or offset arrangement in a mutually parallel posture. The battery holder includes a holder main body and an end plate respectively connected to opposite ends of the holder main body having a plurality of opposed walls disposed in a mutually parallel posture inside peripheral walls, and also having a storage portion accommodating the cylindrical batteries between the opposed walls. The opposed wall is provided, on its opposite faces, with a protrusion projecting toward the swale between the adjacent cylindrical batteries to constitute a thick portion defining a through-hole extending through in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical battery. A connection rod is inserted in the through-hole defined in the above-mentioned thick portion, and the end plate is secured to the opposite ends of the holder main body by means of the connection rod.

A closure seal for doors, hatches and the like comprising a pneumatically inflatable sealing element of generally known configuration housed in a specially constructed channel-shaped retainer. The sealing element comprises a flat, relatively stiff base portion of predetermined width and a flexible portion comprising spaced apart side walls, joined with the base, and an outer wall joining with the side walls to form a hollow expandable section. The base forms shoulders where it joins with the side walls. A retaining channel, formed of sheet metal and of generally U-shaped cross section, receives the sealing element and is formed with longitudinally spaced apart, opposed, inwardly projecting elements forming longitudinally spaced apart constrictions of slightly less width than the base of the sealing element. The sealing element is inserted in the retaining channel, with the base of the element being forced through the constrictions, and thereafter is retained in the channel by engagement of the shoulders of the base by the spaced apart projection pairs.

A primary earth penetrating mandrel formed of a hollow shell steel plate octagonal in cross-section has an upper end and a blunt lower end joined by an upwardly and outwardly tapered wall. The mandrel is driven downwardly in the earth to simultaneously form a vertical tapered cavity while compacting the sidewall of the cavity to provide structural integrity. The mandrel is then moved upwardly from the bottom of the cavity and aggregate is deposited in the bottom of the cavity following which the mandrel is lowered so that its blunt lower end engages the deposited aggregate and densifies the aggregate by vertical vibratory action and static force with these steps being repeated until the pier top is near the surface of the earth at which time the upper aggregate portions are densified by either the primary mandrel or a secondary mandrel having a substantially larger lower end surface than the lower end surface of the primary mandrel. A second embodiment includes a conduit in the primary mandrel for injecting concrete or grout into aggregate previously deposited in the cavity.

A circuit structural body includes a printed circuit board having a conductive pattern constituting a power circuit including a semiconductor switching element and disposed on one surface of the printed circuit board, and a conductive pattern constituting a control circuit for controlling the semiconductor switching element and disposed on the other surface of the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has a through-hole for mounting the semiconductor switching element to both of the conductive patterns. The circuit structural body can be manufactured by a method including the step of laminating a reinforcing plate to one surface of the printed circuit board and the step of mounting the semiconductor switching element from the opposite side to the reinforcing plate.

Provided is a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader in which a mobile terminal is mounted. The RFID reader comprise a reader body; an RFID reading portion which forms a front of the reader body and includes an RFID module which reads information in an RFID tag by being placed close to the RFID tag; a pocket portion which is connected to a top of the reader body and includes a connection terminal portion which is connectable with a terminal portion of the mobile terminal and is formed on an inner side of the pocket portion; a grip portion which is connected to the reader body in a rear of the RFID reading portion, supports the reader body and to which a switching unit that selectively turns of and off operation of the RFID module is connected; and a control unit which outputs the information of the RFID tag read by the RFID module to the mobile terminal according to operation of the switching unit. According to the present invention, an RFID reader can be used while a mobile terminal such as a PDA is mounted in it, have an effective structure, and also be portable and easy to use.