The invention relates to a zwitterionic particle and a preparation method and application thereof, the zwitterionic particle is of a core-shell structure, the shell is a water-soluble zwitterionic
polymer, and the core is a water-insoluble cross-linked
polymer; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing core-shell
polymer particles of which shells are polydiolefin and cores are crosslinked
polystyrene or crosslinked polymethacrylate polymers by combining an active anionic
polymerization mediated
polymerization induced self-
assembly technology with a post-
polymerization modification technology; then, polydiolefin of a shell layer is hydrolyzed with
trifluoroacetic acid, hydroxylated polydiolefin is prepared, hydroxyl is converted into
potassium alkoxide, bromoisobutyl ester or a
chain transfer reagent, and allyl monomers containing
tertiary amine are initiated to be subjected to controllable / active polymerization; and finally, converting the
tertiary amine group into a zwitterionic group by using a modification
reagent to prepare the core-shell particle of which the shell is a water-soluble zwitterionic polymer and the core is a water-insoluble polymer. According to the invention, the problem of limitation in the aspects of
controllability, function expansion and the like in the prior art is solved.