6680 results about "Pretreatment method" patented technology

A digital servo control system for disk drives is an "embedded" system-one in which servo control information is embedded on the same disk surface as the user data. In contrast to known embedded-servo systems in which a space-consuming series of many dibit pairs is present, the present system provides only a single dibit pair in a fractional positional error (PESF) area. Thus, the disk drive's read head encounters only a single dibit pair per sample period (or per data sector), thus saving valuable disk space that may be used for user data. Various pre-processing methods may be provided so as to pre-process the measurement derived from the single dibit pair per sample period (or data sector), so as to compensate for non-ideal characteristics of the dibit measurement. The system thus provides an accurate and robust servo control system, while sacrificing a minimum amount of valuable disk space to the servo information field.

A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields.

Certain embodiments of the invention involve methods and systems for preselecting, adapting, and preconditioning one or more species of photosynthetic organisms, such as algae, to specific environmental and / or operating conditions to which the photosynthetic organisms will subsequently be exposed during utilization in a photobioreactor apparatus of a gas treatment system. Also disclosed are new algal strains and cultures that can be produced by practicing the preselection, adaption, and preconditioning methods.

A public transit travel planning system and methodology that uses an extensive pre-processing approach of transit information prior to query time on order to determine optimal public transit routes for journeys. At query time, since the transit information has already been processed by the system, very little computation is needed in order to fulfill the query. The system then provides users with public transit directions in response to the queries for public transit journeys.

Provided are a method, system, and article of manufacture for discovering transformations applied to a source table to generate a target table. Selection is made of a source table comprising a plurality of rows and a target table resulting from a transformation applied to the rows of the source table. A first pre-processing method is applied with respect to columns in the source and target tables to produce first category pre-processing output. The first category pre-processing output is used to determine first category transformation rules with respect to at least one source table column and at least one target table column. For each unpredicted target column in the target table not predicted by the determined first category transformation rules, a second pre-processing method is applied to columns in the source table and unpredicted target columns to produce second category pre-processing output. The second category pre-processing output is used to determine second category transformation rules with respect to at least one source table column and at least one target table column.

The invention relates to a pretreatment method of wood fiber raw materials, which belongs to the technical field of biomass chemical engineering. The process comprises the following steps: carrying out the first-step treatment after the wood fiber raw materials are mixed with mixed liquid of an organic acid solution and catalysts to obtain a liquid-solid mixture; separating the obtained liquid-solid mixture to obtain pretreatment black liquid and cellulose solids; washing the obtained cellulose solids by the organic acid solution to obtain washing black liquid and cellulose solids; adopting diluted acid or alkali for carrying out the second-step treatment on the obtained cellulose solids; mixing the obtained pretreatment black liquid and the obtained black liquid to obtain mixed black liquid; circularly using the mixed black liquid in the first-step treatment process; and recovering organic acids, lignin products and syrup solutions from the black liquid in the cyclic use for at least three times. The invention has the advantages that the full-rate development of raw materials can be realized, in addition, the environment-friendly effect can be realized, and the invention conforms to the requirement of modern biorefinery development.

A pretreatment method for use in manufacturing an improved optical component comprises (i) providing a polymeric optical substrate; and (ii) exposing the polymeric optical substrate to electromagnetic energy having a wavelength of about 30 nm to about 350 nm. The exposure of the polymeric optical substrate to the electromagnetic energy substantially improves adhesion between the substrate and an optical coating deposited onto the substrate following pretreatment. The invention addresses the significant need for coated plastic optics by providing a method to achieve reliable adhesion of optical coatings placed on polymeric optical substrates. Specifically, this invention enables improved adhesion for even highly curved or shaped parts which have been historically more difficult to coat. The pretreatment method is particularly useful for molded substrates such as molded polymethylmethacrylate.

This invention discloses a method for pretreating the oil raw material for producing needle-like coke. The method comprises: (1) distilling the oil raw material to remove the unideal components; (2) contacting the ideal components with hydrogen and the hydrogenating catalyst, and separating the hydrogenated products to obtain the raw material for producing needle-like coke. The method can remove the unideal components from the oil raw material by combination of the two techniques, thus can rationally utilize hydrogen, save the cost, and largely reserve the ideal components.

The present invention relates to a simple and economically attractive process for the pretreatment of vegetable oils which involves (a) enzymatic degumming with commercially available phospholipase A1 from the sources like Aspergillus oryzae microorganism, (b) bleaching of the enzymatically degummed oil using bleaching earth and activated carbon, and (c) dewaxing (in case of rice bran oil) of degummed and bleached oil at lower temperature to obtain oil with less than 5 ppm of residual phosphorus which is amenable for physical refining.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of an ozone oxidation catalyst loaded with polymetallic oxide. The method comprises the following steps that an ozone oxidation catalyst carrier is pretreated, wherein the pretreatment method comprises the steps that the ozone oxidation catalyst carrier is soaked through an acid solution after being washed through water, and then the soaked carrier is washed to be neutral and dried; immersion treatment is conducted on the pretreated ozone oxidation catalyst carrier at least once, and then calcination is conducted; the immersion treatment comprises the steps that the pretreated ozone oxidation catalyst carrier is immersed in an immersion solution to be immersed for 6-48 h at the temperature ranging from 20 DEG C to 100 DEG C, and then drying treatment is conducted, wherein the immersion solution is a mixed solution of nitrate, sulfate and acetate or chloride of three metal elements of manganese, nickel, iron, cerium, cobalt and copper, and the concentration of each metal element in the immersion solution ranges from 0.01 mol / L to 1.00 mol / L. By means of the preparation method of the ozone oxidation catalyst loaded with the polymetallic oxide, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage can be significantly increased.

A public transit travel planning system and methodology that uses an extensive pre-processing approach of transit information prior to query time on order to determine optimal public transit routes for journeys. At query time, since the transit information has already been processed by the system, very little computation is needed in order to fulfill the query. The system then provides users with public transit directions in response to the queries for public transit journeys.

The invention relates to an optimized human face recognition preprocessing method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, converting a color human face image from a camera into a gray level image, then performing a scale normalization processing on the gray level image to cause the human face images to have the same size and posture, dividing the human face images into low-frequency components and high-frequency components by wavelet transformation, performing a histogram equalization processing on the low-frequency components only, executing wavelet reconstruction on the processed low-frequency components and the high-frequency components, and finally processing the reconstructed images by optimized median filtering. The method has the advantages of regulating the gray level range of the human face images, enhancing the contrast, better improving the human face gray level images with higher brightness, and enhancing the human face identification efficiency in a complicated illumination environment with different postures.

A laser system and method are described that will improve dental treatments in small animals, particularly in situations where periodontal disease has progressed to the advanced stages of periodontitis and when dental pulp is exposed by fracture or disease. A laser system is employed to achieve enhanced precision by selectively ablating affected tissue without damaging the collateral tissue. The laser system is also capable of sealing the tubules and eradicating bacteria within the periodontium to significantly reduce the risk of infection. Additional pre-treatment methods may be employed to further enhance the laser therapy.

The invention discloses a method capable of carrying out green high-efficiency hydrolysis pretreatment on lignocellulose biomass. The method in the invention comprises the steps of hydrolyzing the hemicellulose in the cellulose biomass into saccharide products mainly containing xylose and oligose thereof using a two-step temperature-changing segmentation hydrolysis method so as to accomplish the pretreatment, and adding the pretreated solid raw material mainly containing cellulose and lignin to cellulase so as to accomplish enzymatic hydrolysis and recover the saccharide products to the utmost extent. The invention uses high-temperature liquid water as reaction medium, has the advantages that the method has low cost and is environment-friendly and green. The reaction conditions are moderate, the saccharide products are degraded less, and the recovery rate is high. By adopting the two-step temperature-changing segmentation hydrolysis method, the method not only hydrolyzes the hemicellulose to the utmost extent to obtain the saccharide products, but also further pre-treats the raw material such that the cellulose is made into glucose through enzymatic hydrolysis, reaching the purpose of protecting environment and hydrolyzing the lignocellulose biomass highly effectively. The raw material is capable of realizing waste utilization and promotes the development of green industries.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nano-crystalline cellulose-based composite aerogel type organic dye absorption material. The method comprises the following steps: preparing nanofibers having functional surfaces by combining a chemical pretreatment method and a mechanical treatment method; and mixing the nanofibers and a natural absorption material to prepare composite aerogel which is used as the organic dye absorption material, wherein the porosity of the prepared composite aerogel is up to 99% or more, the decolourization ratio of the prepared material on organic dyes can exceed 90%, and the prepared material can be widely applied to absorbing the various water-soluble organic dyes.

The invention discloses a transmitting pretreatment method for measuring a reference signal, and a parameter transmitting and receiving method; wherein, the transmitting pretreatment method for measuring the reference signal comprises determining subframe offset of the measuring reference signal according to the period of transmission of the measuring reference signal; wherein, when the subframe offset is corresponding to an upward pilot frequency time slot, namely, an UpPTS or a common upward subframe is internally used for transmitting one or a plurality of signals of the measuring reference signal. By virtue of the method, bandwidth collision caused by UpPTS or a common upward subframe internally transmitting SRS is solved and the stability of a system is increased.

The invention provides an information releasing pretreatment method and device, which can solve the technical problem that service objects are recommended through accurate positioning, and then resource waste can be prevented. The method includes: determining feature information of a user based on a current visited webpage and historical behavior information of the user when the user visits a website; determining classification labels and user groups thereof according to the feature information, and establishing a service object group for each classification label; calculating group value information of the user groups corresponding to the classification labels to which the feature information belongs; and setting value feature information of a service object group according to the group value information, wherein the value feature information is used for determining the service object group displayed in a webpage display position. The features of the user can be fully and accurately positioned, the classification label to which the user belongs can be accurately analyzed and the corresponding service object group and the value feature information thereof can be determined before advertisement releasing, and then subsequent released service objects can be positioned accurately and can meet the expectation and demands of the user.

The invention relates to a fabric pre-treating method for digital ink-jet printing of a dispersed dye, which comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing 1 to 5 percent of water-soluble organic polymer, 2 to 3 percent of porous inorganic nano particle, 0.1 to 2 percent of surfactant and water to form a pre-treating agent; and (2) dipping, padding and coating a fabric dyed by a dispersed dye or sparing the pre-treating agent on the fabric dyed by the dispersed dye, wherein the fabric carrying liquid rate is 50 to 90 percent, drying the fabric, and heating the fabric at 180 to 220 DEG C for 0.5 to 20 minutes. The method of the invention is simple, low in cost and suitable for industrial production; the direct ink-jet printing of the fabric with the pre-treating agent has the advantages of uniform color, inhibited penetration phenomenon, high printing precision, sharp boundaries of patterns, clear detail and bright color; and the fabric offers a soft hand feel and has very good washing, friction and color fastness to light.

The invention discloses a method for treating organic chemical waste water. In the method, after the pH value of the waste water is adjusted to 2.5-3.0, the organism which is hard to degrade is efficiently removed and the biochemical property of the waste water is enhanced through the aeration microelectrolysis, Fenton oxidization and coagulating sedimentation processes, and the Fe<2+> generated after the microelectrolysis reaction can be used for subsequent Fenton oxidization reaction, thereby reducing the treatment cost. The invention can be widely applied to treating various kinds of low concentration organic waste water which is hard to biodegrade, such as chemicals, pharmacy, and the like; and the treated water can directly reach the standard and be drained. The invention can also be used as a pretreatment method of the organic waste water with high concentration to improve the biochemical property of the waste water which is hard to biodegrade.

Filtration systems (40) utilize a pre-treatment method to cause scale formation to occur on particles (94) in the fluid stream (96) rather than on the filter surface and may also destroy microorganisms in the fluid stream. More specifically, but not limited to, a filtration device can be a filtration membrane, such as spiral wound filtration membrane (60), that utilizes an open feed spacer (80), such for example an embossed or printed pattern on the membrane, to create a thin feed spacer channel which replaces a conventional feed spacer mesh material. System (40) further utilizes a treatment device (54) to enable a pulsed power, magnetic, electro-magnetic, electro-static, or hydrodynamic fluid treatment scheme to condition particles in the fluid stream (96) such that scale forming elements precipitate (94) on to the particles in the fluid stream rather than on the filtration surfaces.

The invention discloses an internet live pornography detecting method based on a deep convolutional neural network. The detecting accuracy of the content of live pornography is greatly improved by means of a deep learning technology, a sample image data strengthening and preprocessing method based on convolutional neural network training model iteration, a model configuration and training method based on a deep learning convolutional neural network, an image combined testing method based on multi-tailoring and multi-models, an online image dynamic cutting method of internet live video supervision and other optimizing methods, thus the conversion of the supervision mode that the algorithm model pornographic content automatic detecting plays the principal role, and artificial real-time checking plays the subsidiary role is achieved, the supervision efficiency of a live platform is improved, the labor cost for operation is lowered, the work intensity of inspection personnel is reduced, and the high-speed increasing requirement of the live content is met.

The invention relates to a physical method for preparing vegetable oil. The method comprises the following process steps of: cleaning, remote infrared vacuum pre-tempering, microwave puffing, tempering, pressing, puffing, high-pressure fluid extraction, fixed bed adsorption refining, continuous vacuum dehydration and finally micro-filtering. The remote infrared vacuum pre-tempering and microwave puffing pre-processing method is fast and high-efficient and is suitable for industrial production. Press cake puffing and high-pressure fluid extraction are combined so that the problem of oil extraction of cold-pressing cakes is effectively solved, and meanwhile residual oil of the cold-pressing cakes is effectively reduced. The fixed bed adsorption refining method is simply and conveniently operated and has the advantages of short cycle, low energy consumption, low oil refining loss, high grease quality and the like. The whole process has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, no solvent residue, low energy consumption, small neutral oil loss, high product quality and the like, an environment-friendly effect is achieved, and the method can be widely suitable for different kinds of oil.

A pretreatment method for glyphosate industrial waste water relates to the technical field of the treatment method for the industrial waste water from pesticides. The invention provides the pretreatment method for the glyphosate industrial waste water, which can remove glyphosate, sodium chloride and reduce COD cr value. The pretreatment method can effectively remove the vast majority of sodium chloride and glyphosate in the glyphosate industrial waste water by adopting steps such as adjusting Ph value, catalytic oxidation, calcification phosphorus removal, triple effect evaporation crystallized sodium chloride removal and the like, and greatly reduces COD cr value; the pretreated waste water can be discharged into a follow-up biochemical treatment system for biochemical treatment, thus causing waste water to be discharged after reaching standards, being beneficial to the protection of the environment and having good social benefits.

A method for effectively removing acidic sulfide gas using ammonia-based desulfurization includes the following steps of: 1) pre-treatment, wherein sulfide in acid gas undergoes through pre-treatment methods of sulfur recovery, acid making or / and incineration to convert remaining sulfur in the acid gas into sulfur oxides, and the acid tail gas with sulfur oxides is obtained; and the acid gas is derived from petrochemical industry, natural gas chemical industry, coal chemical industry, etc.; 2) ammonia absorption of sulfur oxides, wherein the acid tail gas with sulfur oxides is allowed to flow into an ammonia absorption apparatus, and a cyclic absorption solution is used to absorb sulfur oxides; and 3) post-treatment of ammonium sulfate, wherein a saturated or nearly saturated absorption solution undergoes concentration, crystallization, solid-liquid separation, and drying to obtain a solid product of ammonium sulfate. Sulfur oxides (including sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and hydrates thereof) in the acid tail gas are removed and sulfuric acid, sulfur and ammonium sulfate are byproduced, and the cleaned gas is discharged upon meeting the emission standard.

The invention provides a BIM (Building Information Modeling) platform-based numerical control machining pretreatment method of a non-standard building enclosure component. The problem of information loss between every two sub-processes of a numerical control machining process of the non-standard building enclosure component and the problem of associated conversion of a two-dimensional detail and a three-dimensional model of the non-standard component are solved through the three steps of building geometric shape pretreatment, building component unit deep design and machining data processing and output.

The invention discloses a predisposing method of coal tar, which comprises the following steps: blending coal tar and fraction oil and aromatic hydrocarbon; extracting; removing most of impurity from coal tar; fitting for deep manufacturing of liquefied oil and shale oil.

A technology for pre-processing the stems of tobacco leaves includes heating the low-loss granular solid microwave medium as thermal medium to 100-200 deg.c, mixing said stems with said thermal medium, heating in microwaven over for puffing the stems, and separating the tobacco stems from thermal medium. The pre-processed stems feature high loseness and elasticity, and good smell.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a multi-layer composite-structure filter membrane with a plasma pretreatment method. According to the filter membrane, a polymer nano-grade fiber film layer prepared through an electrostatic spinning method, and a hydrophilic polymer ultra-thin separation layer are sequentially arranged on a non-woven fabric support layer substrate. Before the hydrophilic polymer ultra-thin separation layer is prepared through an interfacial polymerization reaction, the plasma pretreatment is carried out on the surface of the polymer nano-grade fiber film layer, such that functional groups are grafted on the surface of the polymer nano-grade fiber. Therefore, polymer nano-grade fiber film surface property is improved, such that the polymer ultra-thin separation layer can be better compounded, and the filtering performance of the multi-layer composite-structure filter membrane is comprehensively improved. The multi-layer composite-structure filter membrane provided by the invention has the characteristics of high water flux, high retention rate, and stable chemical property. The film can be used in productions of water used in special conditions, such as domestic water and drinking water. The film is suitable to be used in fields such as medicines, foodstuffs, environment protection, and the like.

A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields.

The invention discloses a method for measuring anthocyanin content in wine grape pericarp based on hyperspectrum. The method comprises the following steps: randomly picking off 1500 grapes from four plants in different yields and different levels, using 60 samples in total and taking each 25 grapes as a sample, randomly dividing the samples into a correction set and a check set, wherein the correction set comprises 40 samples and the check set comprises 20 samples; obtaining spectrum data of wine grape pericarp by using near-infrared hyperspectral image; measuring the anthocyanin content by using pH differential method; and establishing a prediction mode of the anthocyanin content in grape pericarp by combining the spectrum pre-treatment method and chemometrics modeling method. By adopting the spectral imaging technology, the imaging technology is combined with the spectrum detection technology, the target space feature is imaged, and the detection speed is fast, the efficiency is high and the cost is low; the method disclosed by the invention is suitable for the noninvasive detection about the quality and safety of the agricultural products, and the anthocyanin content in the wine grape pericarp is effectively detected.