719 results about "Catalytic hydrolysis" patented technology

The invention relates to hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technologies and materials, in particular to a catalyst for catalytic hydrolysis of borane for the hydrogen production and a preparation method thereof, thereby solving the problems that the direct application of powder catalyst in a catalytic hydrolysis solid-liquid reaction system can cause the loss of the catalyst, the catalytic hydrolysis reaction is difficult to control and the hydrolysis by-products are difficult to be recovered, etc. The catalyst is composed of an active component and a carrier; the active component is a binary, ternary or multinary alloy or a single precious metal or the combination thereof which is composed of one or more transition metals, rare earth metals or precious metals and metalloids; the active component is deposited on the carrier through the improved chemical plating technology, the surface thereof is rough and porous, and the structure of the prepared catalyst is the amorphous or the nanocrystalline structure. The preparation method has simple preparation process, high preparation efficiency and convenient large-scale preparation; the sources of the used raw materials are rich; the catalytic activity of the prepared supported catalyst is high, the real-time control of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of the borane can be realized, the catalytic performance is stable, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing low density silica aerogel under normal pressure. The method comprises: mixing tetraethoxysilane, water and ethanol according to a volume ratio of 1:0.5-19:1-29, adding an acid to adjust the pH value to 3-4, carrying out catalysis hydrolysis, adding an alkali to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, carrying out catalysis gelating for 8-10 min to obtain a wet gel, aging the wet gel for 6-36 h at a room temperature, adding n-hexane to carry out solvent replacement for 6-36 h, immersing in a trimethylchlorosilane and n-hexane mixed solution to carry out hydrophobic modification for 12-15 h, adopting a n-hexane washing solution to remove the modification solution, placing into a muffle furnace to heat to a temperature of 30-250 DEG C, drying, and finally cooling to a room temperature to obtain the silica aerogel. Test results show that the density of the SiO2 aerogel is 50-80 kg/m<3> and is significantly lower than the density of the SiO2 aerogel prepared under the normal pressure dry condition in most of the public reports.

A process for the preparation of alkylene glycols by reacting an alkylene oxide with water in the presence of at least one ionic composition of a quaternary phosphonium cation of the general formula R1R2R3R4P+Whereby each of R1, R2, R3 and R4, independently, may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, each of which may carry one or more substituents, or be attached to a polymer and an anion other than metalate or halogen.

The invention discloses a method, device and reactor for recovery of sulfur from acidic gas. An inorganic sulfide in the acidic gas is catalyzed and oxidized into sulfur by catalytic oxidation reaction, then the organic sulfur in the acidic gas is hydrogenated and hydrolyzed into an inorganic sulfide through catalytic hydrolysis reaction, finally the residual inorganic sulfur in the reaction gas is oxidized into sulfur through secondary catalytic oxidation reaction, and the tail gas is washed by a methanol lotion and/or water, thus realizing complete recovery of sulfur. The invention also discloses the device and reactor for realizing the method. The method and device provided by the invention are suitable for sulfur recovery of low H2S content acidic gas. An alcohol-containing solution is utilized for washing treatment of desulfurized tail gas according to the low temperature methanol washing process, the content of sulfide in the tail gas is reduced, and the environment is protected. At the same time, the reactor involved in the invention has a simple and reasonable structure, saves land occupation of equipment, and lowers the project investment.

A process is provided for producing glucose and other fermentable sugars from a liquid mixture containing anhydrosugars. One example of a process encompasses: 1) water extraction of a anhydrosugar-rich fast-pyrolysis bio-oil fraction that constitutes a residual after removal of volatile impurities, 2) further purification of said anhydrosugar-rich fraction, and 3) solid-phase catalytic hydrolysis of the anhydrosugars to yield glucose and other fermentable sugars. An exemplary application of the process is in the production of ethanol and other sugar-based fermentation products from bio-oil generated via fast pyrolysis of low-cost, high-availability lignocellulosic biomass resources.

The invention discloses a method for protease-method wool felt-proofing treatment by using an ultrasonic technology, belongs to the application technical filed of wool fabric dyeing and finishing in the wool manufacturing industry and aims at solving the problems that the treating time is long, the felt-proofing rate is high and the fiber damage is large in a single protease method so as to realize the effect of optimizing wool fiber/wool top/wool fabric biological enzyme-method felt-proofing finishing. The felt proofing can be performed on wool under an ultrasonic condition, the protease catalytic hydrolysis speed is increased, the shedding off of a wool scale layer is accelerated, the protease method treating time is shortened, and the degradation of the protease to the inferiors of fibers is reduced. The synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and the protease can replace a conventional chlorination method or single protease method felt-proofing method, so that the felt-proofing performance of wool fabrics is improved.

A method for removing heavy metals from activated sludge is characterized in that through chemical catalytic hydrolysis and solid-liquid separation, the heavy metals exist in the filtrate; the filtrate is subjected to rough filtration pretreatment and ultrafiltration membrane separation in sequence; the permeate adopts adsorbent polyhumic acid to adsorb the heavy metals; the removal rate of the adsorbed heavy metals is higher than 95%; ultrasonic waves are used for desorption treatment; the heavy metals are in the state of hydroxide precipitation so as to be desorbed from the adsorbent in thedissolved state; the adsorbent is regenerated and reused; the heavy metal hydroxides are prepared for ferrite to recycle through recycling or harmless treatment, the process of harmless treatment is carried out through cement solidification and filling after stabilization; the concentrated solution of the ultrafiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane is subjected to vacuum evaporation andconcentration to produce fertilizers; the permeate of the reverse osmosis membrane is pure water which can be reused; the desorbed alkaline solution containing polyhumic acid is subjected to adsorbent recycling; and the regenerated acid liquid is recycled for acid blending, thus realizing zero emission of closed cycle. The method is conductive to environmental protection and resource recycling, simple in process, lower in cost and suitable for popularization and use.

The invention discloses a method for preparing xylose and arabinose by hydrolyzing lignocelluloses in the technical field of biological engineering. In the method, aqueous oxalate solution is used for carrying out catalytic hydrolysis on crushed lignocelluloses; lignocelluloses hydrolysate solution and xylose resides are obtained by solid-liquid separation after the reaction; the hydrolysate solution is neutralized to obtain oxalate sediment and obtain solid oxalate by solid-liquid separation again; the oxalate reacts with sulfate in an acidizing tank for regeneration to obtain the aqueous oxalate solution; the oxalate solution is used repeatedly to catalyze next batch of lignocelluloses raw material. The invention uses oxalic acid as organic acid catalyst and has the advantages of high conversion rate, strong selectivity, less side reaction, being capable of recycling, and the like, the oxalic acid can replace regular inorganic acid catalyst, and the invention solves the problem thatthe traditional technology has equipment erosion, evaporating equipment scaling, serious pollution and the like and can be used for hydrolyzing the hemicellulose in lignocelluloses raw material and used for preparing the xylose and the arabinose.

The invention provides a method for producing sec-butyl alcohol through the catalytic hydrolysis of alcohol sec-butyl acetate. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out continuously catalytic hydrolysis in a stationary bed by using the alcohol sec-butyl acetate as a raw material, and filling a catalyst in continuous tubes of the cascade multitubular stationary bed, wherein a commercial styrene cation exchange resin catalyst is used as the catalyst, and the cascade multitubular stationary bed comprises multiple identical multitubular reactors; leading the raw material alcohol sec-butyl acetate and water to enter the multitubular reactors, carrying out continuously catalytic hydrolysis reaction under the action of the catalyst to generate a sec-butyl alcohol crude product, and refining the crude product to obtain the sec-butyl alcohol with high purity. The method for producing the sec-butyl alcohol has the advantages that the conversion rate of the sec-butyl alcohol is high, the application range of the alcohol sec-butyl acetate can be increased, and the additional value of the alcohol sec-butyl acetate is increased; and therefore, the method has market promotion value.

The invention discloses an ammonia borane or hydrazine hydrate catalytic hydrolysis hydrogen release system containing a nano-metal phosphide MxPy catalyst and an application of the catalytic hydrolysis hydrogen release system. The system comprises the nano-metal phosphide catalyst, ammonia borane or hydrazine hydrate, and water, wherein the nano-metal phosphide catalyst can be represented as MxPy, M is Fe, Co, Ni or Cu, x is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to 20, and y is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to 10. The nano-metal phosphide MxPy catalyst with the low cost is used for catalyzing hydrolysis of ammonia borane or hydrogen release of hydrazine hydrate, and the cost is low. The catalyst is stable and safe in property, the efficiency is high when the catalyst is applied to catalytic hydrogen release, raw materials required by preparation are cheap, and a preparation method is simple. The catalytic hydrogen release system adopts heterogeneous catalytic reactions, and recycling of the catalyst is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for preparing steviol by carrying out catalytic hydrolysis on stevioside by beta-glucosidase, belonging to the field of biosynthesis technology of organic compounds. The method takes the beta-glucosidase derived from aspergillus niger as a catalyst, and can be used for preparing the steviol by carrying out catalytic hydrolysis on the stevioside in single stevioside or stevia rebaudiana extract through temperature programming; the method has the advantages of being high in conversion rate and selectivity, simple in separation and the like; and the enzyme activity loss can be reduced by the temperature programming reaction, so that the utilization rate of enzyme can be improved. The invention provides a new method for preparing the steviol, which is efficient and environment-friendly.

The invention provides a method for preparing glycyrrhetinic acid, which comprises the followings steps of: dissolving glycyrrihizic acid powder with an organic solvent, and extracting and purifying to obtain an extract; in acetic acid, performing catalytic hydrolysis of mineral acid and acetylation to obtain acetyl glycyrrhetinic acid; adding water or alcohol into the acetyl glycyrrhetinic acid,and hydrolyzing under the catalysis of alkali to obtain crude glycyrrhetinic acid; dissolving with an organic solvent, adding active carbon for refluxing and decoloring, and crystallizing to obtain the glycyrrhetinic acid of which the purity is over 97 percent (by a neutralization process); and further crystallizing for multiple times with the organic solvent to obtain the glycyrrhetinic acid with the purity over 98 percent (HPLC). In the method, the glycyrrihizic acid powder is used as a raw material, so the raw material range is widened; the production is carried out under normal pressure, pressure containers are not needed, and the requirement on equipment is low; and the process is easily controlled, the process technology is simplified, and the production cost is low.

The invention provides a micro-oxygen purifying method used for removing harmful gas in yellow phosphorus tail gas, which is characterized in that mixed gas containing HCN, PH, H2S, COS and CS2, with the speed of 1000-5000/h is heated to 150-200 DEG C by a heat exchanger and sent to a catalytic hydrolysis reactor; more than 90% of HCN and 85% of COS and CS2 can be respectively hydrolysed as NH3, CO, H2S and CO2; subsequently, the mixed gas enters a selective catalytic oxidation reaction; PH3 and H2S are catalysed and oxidated as P2O5 and S; harmful gas in the mixed gas which is disposed twice is removed further in a fine decyanation reactor and the sulfide thereof is removed by a fine desulfurization reactor; NH3 is selectively catalysed and oxidated as N2, thus purifying the mixed gas. The method of the invention leads the violent toxic matter to be converted into non-toxic matter, generates no secondary pollution, recovers the outgrowth sulphur, improves the utilization ratio of the resource, eliminates the environmental pollution due to waste gas exhausting, and has the advantages of simple process, few investment and low running expense.

The invention relates to a hydrogen storage and production technology, in particular to a device and a method for chemical hydride catalytic-hydrolysis hydrogen production suitable for an onboard hydrogen source. The hydrogen production device mainly comprises a catalytic reaction chamber provided with a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a fuel pump and a controlling unit, and the hydrogen production method is used for controlling the contact and the separation between liquid fuel and catalyst to achieve the purpose of prompt hydrogen production as required. Since the heat exchanger is additionally arranged at the periphery or inside the catalytic reaction chamber, the heat from hydrolysis reaction is effectively utilized, the initial temperature of the liquid fuel is remarkably improved, the hydrogen-production rate of the device, the fuel conversion ratio and the system energy efficiency are greatly improved; and in addition, due to the design of the controlling unit, the continuous automatic adjustment of the delivery rate of the liquid fuel is realized, the stable hydrogen pressure of the system is ensured, and the hydrogen-storage density of the device is improved when the hydrogen supply demand at the hydrogen use terminal is responded in real time. The provided device for prompting hydrogen production can provide the onboard hydrogen source for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles and various military and civil portable power supplies.

The invention provides a pretreatment method for removing antibiotics in ferment antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater. The method removes antibiotics in the ferment antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater mainly through adjustment of the pH value of the wastewater and high-temperature catalytic hydrolysis, and the treated pharmaceutical wastewater without antibiotics can enter a subsequent biochemical treatment process for treatment. The method provided by the invention can basically remove antibiotics in the pharmaceutical wastewater, reduce inhibition effect of high-concentration antibiotics on microbes, lower down difficulty in treatment of the wastewater by using the subsequent biochemical process and decrease generation of drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes in subsequent biochemical treatment.

The invention relates to a preparation method of panipenem. Firstly, methyl acetoacetate and p-nitrobenzyl alcohol are taken as raw materials to prepare panipenem parent nucleus by six steps of reactions: ester exchange reaction, diazo reaction, enolization reaction, substitution reaction, hydrolysis reaction and ring closing reaction; then, (3R)-3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine hydrochloride, nitrobenzyl chroformate ester are taken as raw materials to prepare panipenem side chain by amidation reaction, sulfonylation reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction and saponification reaction; finally, the prepared panipenem parent nucleus and panipenem side chain are in butt joint by condensation and are subjected to catalytic hydrolysis and imidization to obtain panipenem. The preparation method of panipenem features simple operation, mild reaction condition, friendly environment, high yield, good product purity, low cost and better industrialized production prospect.

The invention relates to a method for preparing rubusoside by catalytically hydrolyzing stevioside with beta-galactosidase, belonging to the technical field of biosynthesis of organic compounds. In the invention, beta-galactosidase is utilized to selectively and catalytically hydrolyzing stevioside obtained from stevia so as to prepare the rubusoside. Thus, the invention has the advantages of high conversion rate, high speed, high selectivity, simple separation and clearing process and the like. The invention provides a new efficient and environment-friendly method for preparing rubusoside.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a modified bio-charcoal based catalyst, which can remove carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen cyanide at the same time. The bio-charcoal is taken as the carrier, a series of modifications is carried out to prepare the catalyst, the catalyst is applied to catalytic hydrolysis so as to simultaneously remove COS, CS2, and HCN; the work temperature of the catalyst is not higher than 100 DEG C, the removal rates of COS and CS2 are not less than 90%, the removal rate of HCN is not less than 70%; and the bio-charcoal based catalyst is prepared by the following steps: subjecting waste biomass to carbonization and activation in sequence so as to obtain the bio-charcoal carrier, then boiling the bio-charcoal carrier in a KOH solution, adding the bio-charcoal carrier in a metal salt solution to carry out ultrasonic impregnation, then burning the bio-charcoal carrier at a certain temperature; adding the burned bio-charcoal carrier into an alkaline solution to carry out ultrasonic impregnation, and finally drying to obtain the bio-charcoal based catalyst. The technology is concise, the operation is convenient, the operation is continuous, COS, CS2 and HCN in flue gas are removed and converted into valuable resources, and no secondary pollution is generated.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an Ru/C catalyst for preparing hydrogen by sodium borohydride hydrolysis, belonging to the technical field of portable hydrogen preparation. The preparation method comprises the following step of preparing the Ru/C catalyst by mainly using porous carbon materials as a carrier and using impregnation reduction. The supported Ru/C catalyst with small metal particle sizes and even dispersion is prepared by adding an addition agent in steeping fluid, selecting a proper reducing agent and reducing a pH value. The Ru/C catalyst has large specific area and higher mechanical strength, does not have a breaking phenomenon in a reaction process basically, and displays relatively high reaction activity in the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of a sodium borohydride alkaline solution, meanwhile, the service life (in particular refer to the time of the conversion rate which is larger than 40 percent for catalyzing sodium borohydride to prepare hydrogen) of the catalyst exceeds 150 hours, and the Ru/C catalyst has a better application prospect in the field of portable hydrogen preparation. The preparation method has mild condition, low cost and high productive rate, is beneficial to industrial production, and can not cause environment pollution.

The present invention relates to synthesis process of hollow porous silicon dioxide micro ball. By means of combining O/W/O emulsion and sol-gel technology, using TEOS as silicon source and HNO3 as TEOS hydrolyzing catalyst, and through catalytic hydrolysis reaction at relatively high temperature, the present invention synthesizes hollow porous silicon dioxide micro ball with kerosene as oil phase and Span-80 as emulsifier. The present invention has simple process and cheap material, and the obtained hollow porous silicon dioxide micro ball has wide application foreground in catalysis, selective separation, dielectric material and other field.

The invention discloses a 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecine drug precursor, a preparation method and an application thereof. A structure formula of the drug precursor is represented as the formula I or II. The drug precursor is prepared through an esterification reaction between a C-10 hydroxyl group or a C-20 hydroxyl group of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecine and a hydrophobic molecule. The drug precursor has excellent anti-tumor activity and can directly release active components in vivo in a hydrolysis manner without catalytic hydrolysis of carboxylesterase, thereby achieving a high bioavailability. The drug precursor not only has excellent solubility in water but also has great solubility in amphipathic surfactants, such as tween-80 and the like, wherein the solubility can reach more than 30 mg/ml, and a high stability is achieved even that the drug precursor is diluted in water. The drug precursor can be prepared just through a one-step esterification method, is high in yield and low in preparation cost, is high in stability and good in safety, satisfies requirements in clinical medication and in large-scale industrial production, and has excellent market prospect and clinical application value.

The invention provides a method for synthesizing cholesterol by using pregnenolone as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) adding potassium acetate into methyl alcohol, and performing a reaction on sulfonate to obtain 6-methoxyl-3,5-cyclo-5alpha-pregn-20-one; 2) performing a reaction on triphenylphosphine and 1-chloro-4-methylpentane in an aprotic solvent to obtain a 4-methylbutyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride solution; 3) adding potassium tert-butoxide into the 4-methylbutyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride solution, and performing a wittig reaction; 4) under the catalysis of a rhodium catalyst, performing an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction to obtain 6-methoxyl-3,5-cyclo-5alpha-cholestane; 5) performing a catalytic hydrolysis deprotection reaction by using sulfuric acid to obtain the cholesterol. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that six-step reactions in the conventional method are simplified into four-step reactions, and a ring-opening reaction in which a great number of hydrochloric acid and a large number of zinc powder are consumed in a route of using saponin as an initial raw material. The synthesizing method is simple in process, the consumption of the raw material and auxiliary materials is low, and the mole yield is high; the method is economical and environmentally friendly, and facilitates industrial implementation.

The invention discloses a ternary transition-metal catalyst for ammonia borane hydrolysis and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst provided by the invention is a Ag0.04@CoxNi0.96-x(x=0-0.96) catalyst with a core-shell structure. According to the invention, ammonia borane is used as a reducing agent to directly reduce a mixed solution of silver nitrate, cobalt salt and nickel salt at different proportions to obtain the catalyst which is directly used for catalyzing ammonia borane hydrolysis. Due to the core-shell structure, the series of catalysts have high catalytic activity. By the adoption of the series of the catalysts for catalyzing ammonia borane hydrolysis at room temperature, the maximum hydrogen desorption rate can reach 1627.3 mlmin<-1>g<-1> and activation energy of the reaction is 28.54 kJmol<-1>. The core-shell structured ternary transition-metal catalyst has characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, many catalytic active sites and the like, is beneficial to catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane, has advantages of rich resources, low production cost and the like in comparison with a traditional noble metal catalyst, and is a promising catalyst.