259 results about "Activation energy" patented technology

The invention discloses a service life acceleration factor evaluation method and device for a product after storage service. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a performance parameter curve by using k performance parameters obtained by testing a to-be-evaluated product object; constructing a performance aging model, solving the performance aging model by using a least square method, calculating a product degradation rate at a specified temperature by using test data, and obtaining product activation energy after obtaining an estimated value of a performance parameter; according to the product activation energy and an Arrhenius model, acquiring an acceleration factor of the to-be-evaluated product object at any given temperature relative to the reference temperature; splicing the natural storage test data and the accelerated storage test data to obtain performance parameter degradation data and a performance parameter curve of the whole life cycle of the to-be-evaluated product object; and calculating and analyzing the spliced performance parameter curve by reusing the performance aging model and the Arrhenius model to obtain a corrected acceleration factor. According to the method, the storage life evaluation result is more accurate, and scientificity and rationality are higher.

The invention discloses a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, which comprises the following components: a matrix material: a halide super ion conductor with a LiMXCl4 structure, M being selected from at least one of Ta, Nb and Hf, X being O or F, a chemical general formula being LiM1-aX1-6Cl4, a being equal to 0.1-0.3, and an electrochemical window being regulated to 2.5-4.0 V through fluorine-chlorine mixed anion substitution; the second phase material is a core-shell structure compound, the core is Li3TiCl6, and the shell is a Li3PS4 interface layer; and the sintering aid is a compound of Li3BO3 and LiF. Through fluorine-chlorine mixed anion regulation and control and MO2Cl4 octahedron synergistic tilting mechanism, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte is remarkably improved, the lithium ion conductivity at room temperature is greater than or equal to 10mS / cm, the activation energy is less than or equal to 0.2 eV and is superior to that of the traditional halide electrolyte, and meanwhile, the free volume between chains is optimized through Zr < 4 + > / Sn < 2 + > gradient doping, so that the performance of the solid electrolyte is improved. The core-shell structure compound and the silane coupling agent are combined for modification, so that the electrochemical window is effectively widened to 2.5-4.0 V, the interface side reaction is inhibited, and the composite material is adaptive to a high-voltage positive electrode material.

A separation membrane for hydrogen and a gas L (excepting hydrogen), wherein the activation energy Ep(S) (kJ / mol) for a hydrogen permeance P(S) (mol / (m2∙s∙Pa)) through the separation membrane, as derived within a temperature Tam (°C) range satisfying the following expression (1-I), and the activation energy Ep(L) (kJ / mol) for a gas L permeance P(L) (mol / (m2∙s∙Pa)) through the separation membrane, as derived within the same temperature range, satisfy the following expression (1-II).　(1-I): 5(°C)≤Tam(°C)≤200(°C)　(1-II): |Ep(L)|<|Ep(S)|　The present invention can provide a separation membrane, a separation membrane layered body, a separation module or separation tower, a hydrogen recovery system, and a hydrogen separation and recovery method that are for separating and recovering hydrogen and in which hydrogen can be separated and recovered in a safe and highly efficient manner, even with a relatively low-pressure supply, from a mixed gas comprising molecules that are relatively close in kinetic diameter, one example being the separation and recovery of hydrogen from a hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas.

The invention provides a medium-low maturity shale oil in-situ conversion mining pyrolysis kinetic model construction method, and belongs to the technical field of underground resource in-situ development, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing medium-low maturity shale samples composed of different organic matters, carrying out a pyrolysis experiment, and collecting and quantitatively analyzing pyrolysis products; based on original experimental data, a data augmentation model is constructed, an adversarial generative network model is established, and the generation effect of pyrolysis substance mass change data is optimized. And merging the generated substance mass change data with the experimental data to obtain merged data. Finally, on the basis of merged data, key parameters such as a reaction kinetic equation, reaction activation energy and a frequency factor are obtained through genetic algorithm optimization, a reliable pyrolysis kinetic model is provided for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil with medium and low maturity, and the problem that an existing model is difficult to accurately describe real kinetic behaviors of pyrolysis conversion of organic matter is solved.

The invention discloses a reverse design method applied to a solid electrolyte material. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an inorganic solid electrolyte material field knowledge base; generating a chemical formula conforming to physical and chemical rationality through a chemical formula generator based on guidance of a domain knowledge base; based on the generated chemical formula, further utilizing a large language model to generate a candidate crystal structure information file, and performing optimization in combination with a Monte Carlo tree search method; in the optimization process, in order to evaluate the performance of the generated candidate crystal structure, a graph neural network model driven by domain knowledge is cooperated to carry out multi-target performance prediction, a prediction result is used as reward feedback, and then the generation quality of the candidate crystal structure is optimized; and finally, by taking activation energy and convex hull energy as indexes, screening out a potential novel inorganic solid electrolyte material meeting performance requirements. The development efficiency of the inorganic solid electrolyte material is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical machining, in particular to an electroplate liquid additive automatic supply control method based on conductivity monitoring data. The method comprises the steps that the temperature, the original conductivity and the carbonate concentration of electroplating liquid are obtained, an activation energy coefficient is determined based on the change trend of the original conductivity and the temperature, dynamic thermodynamic decoupling treatment is conducted on the original conductivity, and the net conductivity of the electroplating liquid is generated; according to the cumulative variation of the net conductivity in the historical time period and the total amount of the additive in the historical time period, the transmission inertia factor of the electroplating liquid is calculated in combination with the carbonate concentration, and the retardation risk index is determined based on the evolution trend of the transmission inertia factor, so that a PID control algorithm is reconstructed, and the supply amount of the additive is obtained; and performing automatic replenishment control based on the replenishment amount. According to the method, the accuracy of automatic supply control is improved by evaluating the degradation state of the bath solution components and self-adaptive integral saturation suppression.

The invention discloses a polyanion halide solid electrolyte material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the halide solid electrolyte material is Li < 3 > YCl < 6-2x > Br < x > I < x >, wherein 0 < x < 3. The chemical formula of the halide solid electrolyte material is Li < 3 > YCl < 5.8 > Br < 0.1 > I < 0.1 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 5.6 > Br < 0.2 > I < 0.2 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 5.4 > Br < 0.3 > I < 0.3 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 5.2 > Br < 0.4 > I < 0.4 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 5.0 > Br < 0.5 > I < 0.5 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 4.8 > Br < 0.6 > I < 0.6 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 4.6 > Br < 0.7 > I < 0.7 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 4.4 > Br < 0.8 > I < 0.8 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 4.2 > Br < 0.9 > I < 0.9 >, Li < 3 > YCl < 4.0 > The invention provides a series of Li3YCl6-2xBrxIx by taking economical and efficient Li3YCl6 as a main body and combining with an anion mixing strategy, the Li3YCl6-2xBrxIx has high ionic conductivity of 1.98 mS cm <-1 > and low activation energy of 0.257 eV, and has good compatibility with a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) positive electrode and a Li-In alloy negative electrode. The construction of the anion mixed state not only can reduce the binding effect of an anion frame on Li < + > migration and improve the ionic conductivity, but also can soften anion crystal lattices and reduce the activation energy. More importantly, due to the introduction of I <->, a LiI self-limiting passivation interface layer is generated in situ, so that the stability of a Li interface is enhanced.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal protection of hypersonic aircrafts, in particular to a multi-scale prediction method for an ablation behavior of a thermal protection structure based on data driving, which comprises the following steps: performing molecular dynamics simulation on a gas-solid interface of an ablation type thermal protection material to obtain simulation calculation activation energy; obtaining the experimental activation energy of the material; performing Bayesian optimization on the simulation calculation activation energy and the experiment measured activation energy to obtain optimized activation energy; performing macroscopic wall surface ablation simulation by taking the optimized activation energy as a boundary condition to obtain an ablation parameter database recording ablation wall surface temperatures, ablation rates and ablation depths corresponding to different flow rates, altitudes and time; training a radial basis function neural network based on the ablation parameter database, and establishing an ablation prediction model; obtaining a prediction result; the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the thermal protection structure ablation behavior multi-scale prediction method can be improved.

The invention discloses a room-temperature methane sensor based on a Pd-doped rGO / SnO2 nano composite material and a preparation method of the room-temperature methane sensor, and belongs to the technical field of gas sensors. The Pd-doped rGO / SnO2 nano composite material is synthesized by adopting a hydrothermal method and a liquid phase reduction method, and the Pd-doped rGO / SnO2 nano composite material is dripped and cast on an Al2O3 planar ceramic chip substrate with an Au interdigital electrode. The excellent sensing performance at the room temperature is attributed to doping of rGO and Pd, and rGO plays a role of a conductive network to promote electron transfer, and in addition, the specific surface area of the material can be increased, and methane gas adsorption can be promoted; pd can activate the dissociation of oxygen molecules, so that atomic products are diffused to the surface of metal oxide, the quantity of adsorbed oxygen is increased, the molecule-ion conversion rate is improved, and the activation energy required by sensing reaction is reduced. Therefore, the Pd-doped rGO / SnO2 nano composite material is a promising sensitive material for designing and manufacturing a room-temperature methane gas sensor.

The invention discloses a lattice distortion and entropy value-based high-entropy alloy screening method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, simultaneously calculating the lattice distortion degree and entropy value of a high-entropy alloy, and then determining the components of the high-entropy alloy meeting the requirements according to the screening requirements; according to the Hume-Rother alloy solid solution theory, the lattice distortion degree is calculated; the lattice distortion degree must be greater than or equal to 8.7%, and the upper and lower limit difference must be greater than or equal to 2.0%; entropy calculation is carried out based on the statistical definition of the concept of mixed entropy in statistical mechanics; the entropy value must be greater than or equal to 1.5 R. The obtained TiFeMnCoVZr high-entropy alloy only contains a Laves phase, and when the TiFeMnCoVZr high-entropy alloy is used as a magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material, the maximum hydrogen absorption amount can reach 4.7 wt.%, the maximum hydrogen desorption amount is 4.6 wt.%, and the hydrogen desorption activation energy is 68.9 kJ / mol.

The invention relates to a multi-scale prediction method for the oxidative ablation behavior of a carbon / carbon porous heat-proof material, and belongs to the technical field of aerospace science, in particular to a multi-scale prediction model for the oxidative ablation behavior of the carbon / carbon porous heat-proof material. A chemical reaction standard enthalpy value and reaction activation energy are analyzed based on a gas-solid interface micro-model of a carbon / carbon porous heat-proof material, and then pore scale fluid mechanics calculation is performed in combination with a porous medium model; explaining an evolution mechanism between gas-solid interfaces by using a micro-scale and pore-scale simulation method, and predicting an ablation process surface evolution process; according to the invention, fluid flow, thermal reaction and heterogeneous chemical reaction in the porous medium in the ablation process can be coupled and simulated at the same time; according to the method, the action mechanism of the heterogeneous chemical reaction at the gas-solid interface in the oxidation ablation process of the carbon / carbon porous heat-proof material can be disclosed, and the distance change after ablation and the ablation surface roughness in the ablation process can be predicted more accurately.

The invention discloses a layered structure solid oxide fuel cell composite cathode catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of solid oxide fuel cells. The invention aims to solve the problem that the electro-catalytic performance and low-oxygen reduction reaction activation energy of the existing medium-temperature solid oxide fuel cell are poor. The Sr2. 9Ca0. 1Fe2O7-CuO composite cathode catalyst is prepared by adopting a sol-gel method and a solid phase method, the components in a sol-gel system are in a nanometer range, the reaction is easier to carry out, the reaction temperature is low, the prepared materials are uniformly mixed, and the sol-gel method is carried out in a solution, so that even if the content of doped elements is very low, the doping can be easily realized; the material is prepared by adopting a solid phase method, and the method has the advantages of convenience in operation, simple synthesis process, uniform particle size, no agglomeration of powder particles, good filling property, low cost, high yield and the like, so that the electrochemical performance of the cathode catalyst is improved, and the method is convenient to operate and suitable for industrial production.

The invention discloses a ship tail gas dynamic purification method and device. A real-time monitoring network is constructed by collecting multi-point sensing data of ship tail gas and operation parameters of a purification device, a purification bottleneck area is recognized based on a closed-loop control loop, and encrypted arrangement of sensors is implemented to generate an encrypted monitoring field; collecting monitoring data from the encrypted monitoring field, performing disturbance compensation to form a steady-state measurement value, and constructing an adaptive control domain through the steady-state measurement value; absorbent activity evaluation is carried out on the self-adaptive control domain to extract attenuation characteristics, and the attenuation characteristics are reversely mapped into supplementary dosage to generate a feedforward control signal; analyzing and identifying a speed control step through microcell reaction kinetics, applying temperature regulation and control to the speed control step to generate activation energy compensation, and converting the activation energy compensation into a heating power instruction to form a thermal management sequence; a cooperative control sequence is generated based on coupling of a thermal management sequence and a stoichiometric balance table, the cooperative control sequence is decomposed into a fast and slow response control loop, and efficient and stable purification of ship exhaust is achieved.

The invention discloses an epoxy resin pyrolysis kinetics optimization method and device. The invention aims to accurately obtain the pyrolysis kinetic parameters (such as activation energy and pre-exponential factors) of the epoxy resin through a TG-FTIR combined technology (thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy synchronous monitoring), and optimize the pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate and retention time) based on the dynamic change of the product, so as to obtain the pyrolysis kinetic parameters (such as activation energy and pre-exponential factors) of the epoxy resin. Accurate acquisition of pyrolysis kinetic parameters, improvement of pyrolysis condition optimization efficiency, accurate control of a multi-stage pyrolysis path and balance of energy consumption and product value are realized.

The invention discloses a method for screening a high-catalytic-activity nitrogen-doped graphene-loaded single-metal-atom ammonia synthesis catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of ammonia synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an original graphene configuration; constructing a nitrogen-doped graphene configuration; a nitrogen-doped graphene loaded monometal configuration is constructed; the Eform is formed to judge the stability; constructing an adsorption configuration of reactant molecules; analyzing the relaxation configuration to judge the activation degree; the adsorption stability is judged according to the adsorption energy Eads; determining a path of N2 thermal reduction reaction; adopting NEB and Dimer methods to construct a transition state spatial configuration; reaction heat and activation energy are calculated, and activity differences of different catalyst surfaces are analyzed. Based on density functional theory calculation, catalyst screening standards with formation energy, adsorption energy and activation energy barriers as indexes are established, the high-activity catalyst is screened out theoretically, the experiment trial and error cost is reduced, and the catalyst development efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a sodium metavanadate-based catalyst activity gradient regulation and regeneration system and method, and relates to the technical field of industrial catalyst regeneration, the sodium metavanadate-based catalyst is of a unique layered structure, the sodium metavanadate-based catalyst comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer from the surface to the interior in sequence, and active components and doping elements of all the layers are different; the outer layer is doped with high-content sodium metavanadate and manganese oxide, reactant molecules can be quickly adsorbed and activated in the initial stage of the reaction, the manganese oxide can provide additional active sites, reduce reaction activation energy and promote quick start of the reaction, and the middle layer is doped with a proper amount of sodium metavanadate and cerium oxide, so that the reaction is more stable in the process of the reaction. The cerium oxide can adjust migration and conversion of oxygen species on the surface of the catalyst, optimize the reaction path, improve the selectivity of a target product and reduce side reactions, the inner layer is doped with the low-content sodium metavanadate and tungsten oxide, and the structural stability of the catalyst under high-temperature and long-time reaction is maintained by means of the high stability of the tungsten oxide.

The invention discloses a FeCoNiMnRu high-entropy alloy catalyst which is prepared by the following steps: preparing a high-entropy alloy spinning film from a Fe source, a Co source, a Ni source, a Mn source and a Ru source through an electrostatic spinning method, and then preparing the FeCoNiMnRu high-entropy alloy catalyst through a two-stage calcination method, the first-stage pre-oxidation calcination of the two-stage calcination method is used for realizing the pre-oxidation of the high-entropy alloy spinning membrane, and the second-stage carbonization reduction calcination is used for realizing the carbonization of the high-entropy alloy spinning membrane and the reduction of metal. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a FeCoNiMnRu high-entropy alloy electrostatic spinning membrane; and 2, the FeCoNiMnRu high-entropy alloy is prepared. When the catalyst is applied to catalysis in the aspect of hydrogen production through hydrolysis of ammonia borane, the hydrogen evolution conversion frequency is 50-70 mol H2. Mol Ru <-1 >. Min <-1 >, the hydrolysis hydrogen evolution time is 110-150 s, and the activation energy Ea is 40-50 kJ. Mol <-1 >; and after 5 cycles, 40-50% of initial catalytic activity is maintained.

The invention discloses a recycled asphalt fatigue life prediction method based on activation energy, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the aging dynamic characteristics of new and old asphalt to obtain the aging activation energy Eacrnew and Eacrold of the new and old asphalt; performing a DSR fatigue test on the new asphalt, and establishing a fatigue damage model phiV (N) = aNb; and calculating the fatigue damage rate when the new asphalt is completely damaged. # imgabs0 #, and predicting the fatigue life of the recycled asphalt according to the mass percentage of the old asphalt in the recycled asphalt. # imgabs1 #. The method quantifies the influence of the doping of the old asphalt on the fatigue damage behavior of the new asphalt, and can more accurately and effectively evaluate the fatigue performance of the recycled asphalt.

The invention discloses a sulfide solid electrolyte Li < 6 + a + 5b-c-b > P < 1-a-b > Sn M S < 5-c-d > X < 1 + c > O < d >. Wherein M is one or more of Ge, Cu, Bi, Sb, Zr, Cd, V and Cr and is the average valence of M, X is one or more of F, Cl, Br and I, and a + blt is larger than or equal to 0.01 and smaller than or equal to 0.01; 0.1 < = c < = 0.75, 0.001 < = d < = 1; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dry-mixing the raw materials according to the stoichiometric ratio of the formula (I) in an inert protective atmosphere and under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions, then carrying out heat treatment at 400-600 DEG C for 3-30 hours, and finally cooling to obtain the sulfide electrolyte, the invention also discloses application of the sulfide solid electrolyte in the aspect of an all-solid-state battery. The sulfide solid electrolyte with the argyrodite crystal structure can be stably stored under the air condition without any coating layer or additive protection, and meanwhile, the high-room-temperature ionic conductivity and low activation energy of the sulfide solid electrolyte are ensured.

The invention relates to a composite gas-sensitive material, a gas sensor and a preparation method and application of the composite gas-sensitive material. The composite gas sensitive material comprises gold modified rhenium disulfide, and the molar ratio of gold to rhenium disulfide is (0.01-0.15): 1. Wherein the gold has excellent catalytic performance and can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and promote the proceeding of the surface chemical reaction. When the gold is combined with rhenium disulfide, the gold can be used as a catalyst to accelerate the adsorption and reaction process of gas molecules on the surface of the material. Meanwhile, gold and rhenium disulfide form a Schottky barrier, and carrier transmission in the rhenium disulfide material can be adjusted due to the existence of the barrier, so that the electrical property of the material is influenced. When gas molecules are adsorbed, the change of the Schottky barrier can cause the rapid change of parameters such as resistance or capacitance of the material, so that rapid response is realized, and the material has important significance in improving the sensing performance of the material.

The invention discloses a liquid catalyst and a coal combustion efficiency improvement detection system thereof, and belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, the catalyst comprises active metal ions and other combustion performance adjusting substances, the activation energy of coal combustion can be reduced, and the combustion rate can be improved. Furthermore, according to the use requirement that the characteristics of all coal types are matched with the adaptability of the catalyst, in order to further optimize the proportion of all formulas of the catalyst, the invention provides a detection system for improving the coal combustion efficiency of the catalyst, the detection system comprises a plurality of test chambers, and the coal combustion efficiency of the catalyst is improved by accurately adjusting the test environment of the coal powder and the catalyst. According to the method, a high consistency test is provided, and a batch circulating test is adopted, so that the improvement effect of the catalyst on combustion of different coal types is quickly and efficiently verified, and the optimal proportion value of each component in the catalyst to a specific coal type is determined.

The invention relates to the technical field of materials and data processing, and discloses a method for constructing a damping layer material loss factor and temperature correlation model, which effectively overcomes the defect of insufficient adaptability of a traditional damping material model in a wide temperature range required by a thermal power plant by fusing a molecular chain segment dynamics mechanism and a macroscopic constitutive behavior. The method has the technical advantages that on the basis of the physical basis of a molecular motion energy barrier theory constraint model and in combination with a corrected temperature-frequency equivalent conversion mechanism, a cross-scale correlation framework with clear physical significance is constructed; through collaborative optimization of microscopic activation energy and macroscopic viscoelastic parameters, the reliability of thermal power plant all-working-condition temperature domain loss factor prediction is remarkably improved; an embedded real-time calculation framework is adopted, dynamic evaluation and compensation control of the material damping performance in an engineering scene are achieved, and more accurate technical support is provided for vibration reduction structure design, vibration fault diagnosis and prevention and service life prolonging of key equipment in the fields of thermal power plants, heavy machinery and the like.

The method comprises the following steps: firstly, putting a catalyst into a reaction system, and introducing a nitrogen source and a hydrogen source; wherein the catalyst comprises a carrier and a heterojunction material loaded on the surface of the carrier; and then illuminating, heating and applying an electric field to the reaction system at the same time, so that the N = N bond or N = O bond in the reaction system is adsorbed and cracked, and the ammonia is catalytically synthesized. The heterojunction material has a metal property, a thermoelectric property and heterojunction interface double active sites, and photoproduction local oscillation photoproduction of the metal heterojunction is precisely enriched at the interface double active sites under the thermoelectric synergistic effect, so that the charge density of the interface double active sites is remarkably improved; a traditional activation mode of single nitrogen atom in a single site adsorption N = N bond or N = O bond is changed, heterojunction interface charge-rich double-site synergistic adsorption and splitting of the N = N bond or N = O bond are realized, and a nitrogen source activation energy barrier is reduced, so that the yield of synthesis ammonia is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses preparation and application of an Nb2O5 doped nano disc-shaped MOF derivative composite material, the main components of the composite material are Nb, Ti and O, and the shape of the composite material is a disc-shaped nanosheet with the diameter of 100-300 nm and the thickness of 50-70 nm under scanning electron microscopy. According to the preparation method, a Nb2O5 / MIL-125 composite material is obtained through a hydrothermal method and tubular furnace calcination, and the preparation method of the MgH2-based hydrogen storage material based on Nb2O5 / MIL-125 comprises the steps that in a glove box filled with argon, Nb2O5 / MIL-125 and MgH2 are mixed and then subjected to bidirectional ball milling. According to the application of the MgH2-based hydrogen storage material based on the Nb2O5 / MIL-125 as the hydrogen storage material, when the doping amount of the Nb2O5 / MIL-125 is 6 wt%, the initial dehydrogenation temperature is 160-170 DEG C; the dehydrogenation amount at the temperature of 250 DEG C is 5.0 wt%-5.2 wt%; the hydrogen absorption amount at the temperature of 100 DEG C is 4.9 wt%-5.1 wt%; after 10 times of circulation, the retention rate is 95-97%; and the activation energy of the dehydrogenation reaction is reduced by 50.05 kJ / mol.

The invention relates to the field of sludge thermochemical treatment, in particular to a general calculation method suitable for sludge smoldering temperature and smoldering speed prediction.The general calculation method comprises the steps that sludge sample characteristic parameters are obtained, and reaction conditions of the sludge smoldering process are determined; on the basis of the sludge sample characteristic parameters and the reaction conditions, sludge intrinsic smoldering kinetic parameters are obtained through an isothermal smoldering weightlessness method; according to the sludge intrinsic smoldering kinetic parameters, a heat and mass transfer conservation equation in the sludge smoldering process is solved through a large activation energy asymptotic method, and therefore a sludge smoldering universal model is constructed; and based on the sludge smoldering general model, predicting the sludge smoldering temperature and the sludge smoldering speed under different air velocities. According to the method, accurate prediction of the smoldering temperature and the smoldering speed of the multi-source high-humidity sludge can be realized.

The present invention relates to a leakage detection and evaluation. In order to provide an improved assessment of a leakage, a leakage characterization arrangement (10) is provided that comprises a compound (12) with at least two emission generating markers (14a, 14b). The compound is applicable at an outside (16) of an enclosure (18), encapsulating a fuel (20) from the surroundings (22). The applied compound is configured to physically react and / or chemically react upon exposure to an activation energy (24) resulting from leaking fuel (26) from an inside (28) of the enclosure. The physical reaction and / or the chemical reaction (30) actively produce a detectable emission (32) that indicates at least one measurable parameter (34) of a leakage site (36) based on the at least two emission generating markers.

DEPCT6720 / 08 / 2567 Zirconia powder containing 2% by mol or more and 8% by mol or Less than that of the stabilizing element and 50 ppm or less of titanium (Ti) and containing Activation energies of 225 kJ / mol or more, and 300 kJ / mol or less, are provided. There is at least one zirconia powder that can produce sintered objects with high transparency. By using pressureless sintering, a method suitable for industrial production, the following can be employed: Zirconia powder production: methods for manufacturing calcined objects using zirconia powder and techniques. For the production of sintered objects using zirconia powder, the powder is desirablely manufactured by: The method involves the following steps: adjusting the pH of the raw material solution containing the source. Zirconium and its stabilized sources are at 3.5% or higher and 5.5% or lower. Heating the raw material solution to produce zirconia sol solution; mixing the zirconia solution. And alkaline solutions for co-sludge production and heat treatment of the co-sludge;

The invention relates to the technical field of silicon carbide devices, and discloses a nanowire preparation method which comprises the following steps: preparing a substrate wafer (1); coating a photoresist material layer (2) on the surface of the substrate wafer (1); a growth hole (21) is formed in the photoresist material layer (2) through a laser direct writing photoetching method; putting the substrate wafer (1) into a chemical liquid containing metal ions, and growing a metal structure in the growth hole (21) through electroplating; and removing the photoresist material layer (2) by using a chemical method or a physical firing method to form the metal nanowire (3). According to the invention, the diameter of the metal nanowires and the distance between the metal nanowires can be accurately controlled, and the distribution of the metal nanowires can be arbitrarily designed; the surface area of a metal pad of the chip can be greatly increased, and the surface activation energy is improved, so that the temperature required by the chip in the subsequent welding process is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the welding strength of chip packaging is greatly improved.

The invention provides a polymer micro-nano additive manufacturing method and system based on mechanochemical action, and relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing. According to the polymer micro-nano additive manufacturing method based on the mechanochemical effect, friction contact is generated between a friction pair and a base material sample in a certain medium environment, and friction movement is carried out under a certain load and a certain sliding speed; and directional and quantitative growth of the polymer micro-nano structure is realized in a set movement track. According to the method for achieving negative abrasion through friction, the medium environment, the friction load and the sliding speed are controlled, the mechanochemical effect of a contact area is promoted, activation energy needed by polymer film forming is reduced, construction of the micro-nano structure is achieved in a preset movement track under friction chemical induction, the precision of the prepared micro-nano structure can reach the nanometer magnitude, and the performance of the micro-nano structure is improved. Meanwhile, the patterned micro-nano structure can be prepared on the base material through the design of the motion trail, so that further function expression is facilitated.

The invention provides a method for extracting NBIT activation energy from a single PMOSFET (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), which comprises the following steps of: respectively applying NBIT stress under constant voltage to the PMOSFET at different temperatures according to a stress time sequence, monitoring a change dynamic state of a transfer characteristic curve-along with the time sequence at different temperatures, respectively threshold voltage from the transfer characteristic curve-, obtaining a delta degradation dynamic state in a temperature rise process, and extracting the NBIT activation energy from the single PMOSFET. The stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic state at other temperatures except the initial temperature is converted into the equivalent stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic state at the initial temperature, and the multiple equivalent stress times are added to obtain the relation of delta-accumulated equivalent stress time; the value enabling the delta-accumulated equivalent stress time to fall on the extension line of the equivalent stress time of the delta-initial temperature is calculated, and a single PMOSFET is used for testing, so that the influence of the consistency difference among a plurality of devices on the activation energy can be avoided, and the result is accurate; and meanwhile, all degradation data are obtained on a single PMOSFET sample, so that the test time is short, and the extraction efficiency of NBIT activation energy and the utilization rate of the sample are improved.