100 results about "Activation energy" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical machining, in particular to an electroplate liquid additive automatic supply control method based on conductivity monitoring data. The method comprises the steps that the temperature, the original conductivity and the carbonate concentration of electroplating liquid are obtained, an activation energy coefficient is determined based on the change trend of the original conductivity and the temperature, dynamic thermodynamic decoupling treatment is conducted on the original conductivity, and the net conductivity of the electroplating liquid is generated; according to the cumulative variation of the net conductivity in the historical time period and the total amount of the additive in the historical time period, the transmission inertia factor of the electroplating liquid is calculated in combination with the carbonate concentration, and the retardation risk index is determined based on the evolution trend of the transmission inertia factor, so that a PID control algorithm is reconstructed, and the supply amount of the additive is obtained; and performing automatic replenishment control based on the replenishment amount. According to the method, the accuracy of automatic supply control is improved by evaluating the degradation state of the bath solution components and self-adaptive integral saturation suppression.

The invention discloses a ship tail gas dynamic purification method and device. A real-time monitoring network is constructed by collecting multi-point sensing data of ship tail gas and operation parameters of a purification device, a purification bottleneck area is recognized based on a closed-loop control loop, and encrypted arrangement of sensors is implemented to generate an encrypted monitoring field; collecting monitoring data from the encrypted monitoring field, performing disturbance compensation to form a steady-state measurement value, and constructing an adaptive control domain through the steady-state measurement value; absorbent activity evaluation is carried out on the self-adaptive control domain to extract attenuation characteristics, and the attenuation characteristics are reversely mapped into supplementary dosage to generate a feedforward control signal; analyzing and identifying a speed control step through microcell reaction kinetics, applying temperature regulation and control to the speed control step to generate activation energy compensation, and converting the activation energy compensation into a heating power instruction to form a thermal management sequence; a cooperative control sequence is generated based on coupling of a thermal management sequence and a stoichiometric balance table, the cooperative control sequence is decomposed into a fast and slow response control loop, and efficient and stable purification of ship exhaust is achieved.

The invention discloses an epoxy resin pyrolysis kinetics optimization method and device. The invention aims to accurately obtain the pyrolysis kinetic parameters (such as activation energy and pre-exponential factors) of the epoxy resin through a TG-FTIR combined technology (thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy synchronous monitoring), and optimize the pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate and retention time) based on the dynamic change of the product, so as to obtain the pyrolysis kinetic parameters (such as activation energy and pre-exponential factors) of the epoxy resin. Accurate acquisition of pyrolysis kinetic parameters, improvement of pyrolysis condition optimization efficiency, accurate control of a multi-stage pyrolysis path and balance of energy consumption and product value are realized.

The invention discloses a method for screening a high-catalytic-activity nitrogen-doped graphene-loaded single-metal-atom ammonia synthesis catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of ammonia synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an original graphene configuration; constructing a nitrogen-doped graphene configuration; a nitrogen-doped graphene loaded monometal configuration is constructed; the Eform is formed to judge the stability; constructing an adsorption configuration of reactant molecules; analyzing the relaxation configuration to judge the activation degree; the adsorption stability is judged according to the adsorption energy Eads; determining a path of N2 thermal reduction reaction; adopting NEB and Dimer methods to construct a transition state spatial configuration; reaction heat and activation energy are calculated, and activity differences of different catalyst surfaces are analyzed. Based on density functional theory calculation, catalyst screening standards with formation energy, adsorption energy and activation energy barriers as indexes are established, the high-activity catalyst is screened out theoretically, the experiment trial and error cost is reduced, and the catalyst development efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a sodium metavanadate-based catalyst activity gradient regulation and regeneration system and method, and relates to the technical field of industrial catalyst regeneration, the sodium metavanadate-based catalyst is of a unique layered structure, the sodium metavanadate-based catalyst comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer from the surface to the interior in sequence, and active components and doping elements of all the layers are different; the outer layer is doped with high-content sodium metavanadate and manganese oxide, reactant molecules can be quickly adsorbed and activated in the initial stage of the reaction, the manganese oxide can provide additional active sites, reduce reaction activation energy and promote quick start of the reaction, and the middle layer is doped with a proper amount of sodium metavanadate and cerium oxide, so that the reaction is more stable in the process of the reaction. The cerium oxide can adjust migration and conversion of oxygen species on the surface of the catalyst, optimize the reaction path, improve the selectivity of a target product and reduce side reactions, the inner layer is doped with the low-content sodium metavanadate and tungsten oxide, and the structural stability of the catalyst under high-temperature and long-time reaction is maintained by means of the high stability of the tungsten oxide.

The invention relates to the technical field of materials and data processing, and discloses a method for constructing a damping layer material loss factor and temperature correlation model, which effectively overcomes the defect of insufficient adaptability of a traditional damping material model in a wide temperature range required by a thermal power plant by fusing a molecular chain segment dynamics mechanism and a macroscopic constitutive behavior. The method has the technical advantages that on the basis of the physical basis of a molecular motion energy barrier theory constraint model and in combination with a corrected temperature-frequency equivalent conversion mechanism, a cross-scale correlation framework with clear physical significance is constructed; through collaborative optimization of microscopic activation energy and macroscopic viscoelastic parameters, the reliability of thermal power plant all-working-condition temperature domain loss factor prediction is remarkably improved; an embedded real-time calculation framework is adopted, dynamic evaluation and compensation control of the material damping performance in an engineering scene are achieved, and more accurate technical support is provided for vibration reduction structure design, vibration fault diagnosis and prevention and service life prolonging of key equipment in the fields of thermal power plants, heavy machinery and the like.

DEPCT6720 / 08 / 2567 Zirconia powder containing 2% by mol or more and 8% by mol or Less than that of the stabilizing element and 50 ppm or less of titanium (Ti) and containing Activation energies of 225 kJ / mol or more, and 300 kJ / mol or less, are provided. There is at least one zirconia powder that can produce sintered objects with high transparency. By using pressureless sintering, a method suitable for industrial production, the following can be employed: Zirconia powder production: methods for manufacturing calcined objects using zirconia powder and techniques. For the production of sintered objects using zirconia powder, the powder is desirablely manufactured by: The method involves the following steps: adjusting the pH of the raw material solution containing the source. Zirconium and its stabilized sources are at 3.5% or higher and 5.5% or lower. Heating the raw material solution to produce zirconia sol solution; mixing the zirconia solution. And alkaline solutions for co-sludge production and heat treatment of the co-sludge;

The invention provides a method for extracting NBIT activation energy from a single PMOSFET (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), which comprises the following steps of: respectively applying NBIT stress under constant voltage to the PMOSFET at different temperatures according to a stress time sequence, monitoring a change dynamic state of a transfer characteristic curve-along with the time sequence at different temperatures, respectively threshold voltage from the transfer characteristic curve-, obtaining a delta degradation dynamic state in a temperature rise process, and extracting the NBIT activation energy from the single PMOSFET. The stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic state at other temperatures except the initial temperature is converted into the equivalent stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic state at the initial temperature, and the multiple equivalent stress times are added to obtain the relation of delta-accumulated equivalent stress time; the value enabling the delta-accumulated equivalent stress time to fall on the extension line of the equivalent stress time of the delta-initial temperature is calculated, and a single PMOSFET is used for testing, so that the influence of the consistency difference among a plurality of devices on the activation energy can be avoided, and the result is accurate; and meanwhile, all degradation data are obtained on a single PMOSFET sample, so that the test time is short, and the extraction efficiency of NBIT activation energy and the utilization rate of the sample are improved.

According to the invention, a one-pot synthesis strategy is adopted, a polyoxometallate with high proton conductivity and a pure inorganic three-dimensional frame structure is successfully synthesized by accurately controlling the reaction temperature, the pH value and the proportion of raw materials, and the chemical formula of the polyoxometallate is [H2N (CH3) 2] 8K3Na2H4 [Se4W35Ce2O124 (H2O) 4] Cl. 22H2O; based on the structural characteristics, the proton conductivity is further systematically tested under different temperature and humidity conditions; then, Arrhenius fitting is performed on experimental data, and activation energy of proton migration is calculated, so that a proton conduction mechanism is deeply discussed; the polyoxometallate prepared by the invention is of a pure inorganic three-dimensional frame structure, is completely composed of metal-oxygen bonds, and has important structural innovation significance; in addition, the polyoxometallate has the advantages of high proton conductivity, simple preparation process, good chemical stability and the like, so that the polyoxometallate becomes a solid proton conduction material with great application potential.

The application provides a method for extracting NBTI activation energy from a single PMOSFET, wherein NBTI stress under a constant voltage is applied to the PMOSFET at different temperatures according to a stress time sequence, a transfer characteristic curve is monitored, a dynamic change of the transfer characteristic curve with time at different temperatures is monitored, a threshold voltage is obtained from the transfer characteristic curve, a delta degradation dynamic in a temperature rising process is obtained, stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic at temperatures other than an initial temperature is converted into equivalent stress time for generating the delta degradation dynamic at the initial temperature, a plurality of equivalent stress times are added to obtain a relationship of delta cumulative equivalent stress time, a value is calculated to make the delta cumulative equivalent stress time fall on an extension line of the equivalent stress time at the initial temperature, the single PMOSFET test can avoid the influence of consistency difference between a plurality of devices on the activation energy, and the result is accurate; meanwhile, all degradation data are obtained on the single PMOSFET sample, the test time is short, and the extraction efficiency of the NBTI activation energy and the utilization rate of the sample are improved.

A Plasma Enhanced Anneal (PEA) includes a exposing a top surface region of a substrate to a plasma to reduce the required activation energy temperature to anneal dopants for microelectronic devices. The plasma in a PEA process bombards surfaces with ions and atoms created in the plasma which allows controllable kinetic energy and ion flux to be transferred to the top surface region of the substrate and activate dopants at temperatures as low as 300° C. The plasma energy of the ions is known to dissipate into a region only a few nanometers in depth with energy densities large enough to activate dopants. PEA processing may be a promising method for dopant activation at temperatures lower than thermal techniques alone. PEA processing may also result in reduced thermal budget necessary for form silicides, anneal silicides, and anneal high-k dielectric materials.

The application relates to the technical field of carbon material processing, and particularly discloses graphene and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprising the following steps: performing first heating treatment on a carbon source material under a first temperature; applying a first electric field to the carbon source material subjected to the first heating treatment to obtain an intermediate product; performing second heating treatment on the intermediate product under a second temperature; applying a second electric field to the intermediate product subjected to the second heating treatment to obtain graphene; wherein the first temperature is not lower than 800 DEG C, the second temperature is not higher than 3000 DEG C and higher than the first temperature; the intensity of the first electric field is not lower than 500 N / C, and the intensity of the second electric field is not higher than 20000 N / C and higher than the intensity of the first electric field. The aforementioned preparation method has the characteristics of wide raw material sources, can effectively reduce the dependence on fossil-based carbon sources, and can obtain graphene with few defects, high crystallinity and excellent electric conductivity under a relatively low activation energy.

This disclosure discloses a method for predicting the environmental transformation performance of pollutants, comprising: obtaining a first target reactivity parameter of a target pollutant and a second target reactivity parameter of a target environmental medium, wherein the first target reactivity parameter includes at least one of the following: a first ionization potential, a first affinity potential, molecular hardness, and molecular softness; the second target reactivity parameter includes: redox potential; inputting the first target reactivity parameter and the second target reactivity parameter into a pre-trained activation energy prediction model, and outputting a target reaction activation energy, wherein the target reaction activation energy characterizes the reaction activation energy of the transformation of the target pollutant on the surface of the target environmental medium; and predicting the transformation performance of the target pollutant on the target environmental medium based on the target reaction activation energy.

The application relates to the technical field of metallurgical process control, in particular to a method for predicting the viscosity of smelting slag of oxidized-copper sulfide concentrate and application thereof. Based on the mass of specific raw material components in the slag of the to-be-detected oxidized-copper sulfide concentrate after oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting, the reference viscosity value of the slag is calculated by combining the pre-set smelting temperature, the pre-factor and the viscous activation energy; then the volume fraction of Fe3O4 obtained after oxidation is calculated according to the mass of the specific raw material components of iron; the predicted viscosity value of the slag is calculated by substituting the volume fraction of Fe3O4 and the reference viscosity value into an expression, which provides a basis for subsequent regulation and control of the smelting process based on the predicted viscosity value; and the problem of how to predict the viscosity of the slag of the oxidized-copper sulfide concentrate to optimize the smelting process is solved.

The invention relates to an RE-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy containing double rare earth elements and a preparation method of the RE-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy, belongs to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage alloy materials, and solves at least one of the problems that an existing Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy hydride is high in hydrogen desorption activation energy, slow in hydrogen absorption and desorption dynamics and low in hydrogen storage capacity. The chemical formula of the hydrogen storage alloy is Mg96-xLa4-yYyNix, x is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6, and y is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the grain size of the hydrogen storage alloy is 0.81-1.69 [mu] m, and the volume fraction of a precipitated phase is 20-40%. The elements La, Ni and Y are adopted to replace the element Mg, the grain size is refined, the crystal defect of alloy particles is improved, the phase structure is improved, the hydrogen desorption enthalpy change and the hydrogen absorption and desorption temperature are reduced, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is increased; the alloy ingot is subjected to rapid quenching and recrystallization annealing treatment, so that the alloy grain structure is further refined, precipitation and uniform distribution of a phase state are promoted, more channels and nucleation sites are provided for hydrogen atoms to enter the alloy, the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate is increased, and the alloy hydride activation energy is further reduced.

The application provides an evaluation method of lead and bismuth corrosion-resistant material, and relates to the field of lead and bismuth corrosion-resistant material, which comprises the following steps: calculating the root mean square displacement and diffusion activation energy of each element in the sample material in liquid lead and bismuth alloy, and screening each element of the sample material based on preset conditions; calculating the density and distribution characteristics of each element of the sample material at the solid-liquid interface, evaluating the compactness of the oxide film based on the root mean square displacement and diffusion activation energy of the screened qualified elements, obtaining the structure of the oxide film according to the distribution characteristics, and obtaining the corrosion resistance of the oxide film based on the compactness of the oxide film; and calculating the depth and quantity of lead and bismuth alloy atoms invading the sample material, obtaining the difference of the lead and bismuth corrosion resistance of the sample material without the oxide film, and determining the composition and content of the lead and bismuth corrosion-resistant material based on the corrosion resistance of the oxide film. The application can screen the material composition with strong lead and bismuth corrosion resistance in a short time, and has the advantages of short time, low cost, high safety and wide screening range.

The invention discloses a method for calculating explosion pressure load of charge with a shell based on chemical reaction of detonation products, which comprises the following steps of: obtaining detonation energy, detonation products generated by detonation and mass fraction of each detonation product, and determining further chemical reaction in the post-combustion process of the explosive and pre-exponential factors and activation energy of each detonation product; the explosion process is divided into a detonation stage, an adiabatic expansion stage and a post-combustion reaction stage; calculating the initial temperature and the initial pressure of an air mass generated by explosive detonation; constructing a finite element three-dimensional model of a detonation product air mass generated by the shell charge explosion in the closed space, and calculating related parameters of a detonation product at the end of the adiabatic expansion stage; and solving a time-history curve of the shell charging explosion pressure load in the post-combustion reaction stage. The method has the beneficial effects that the limiting effect of the shell on the chemical reaction of the explosive detonation product is introduced, the pressure load of the charge explosion with the shell is calculated, the analysis process does not depend on the specific test calibration working condition, and the universality is high.

The invention discloses a perovskite anode catalyst layer material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic fuel cells. The perovskite anode catalyst layer material is prepared by adopting a plasma-assisted ball milling method, the molecular formula of the perovskite anode catalyst layer material is Sr < 2-x > Fe < 1.5-y > Ru < y > Mo < 0.5 > O < 6-delta >, x is equal to 0.05-0.10, y is equal to 0.05-0.15, and delta is equal to 0.10-0.35. A-site defect and B-site doping are designed on the basis of Sr2Fe1. 5Mo0. 5O6-delta perovskite, and performance breakthrough of the direct ammonia proton ceramic fuel cell at medium and low temperatures is achieved through the synergistic effect. Under the synergistic effect of argon plasma and mechanical force, nano-scale crushing and atomic-scale uniform mixing of raw materials are achieved, a large number of defects and active sites are generated on the surface of powder, subsequent solid-phase reaction activation energy is remarkably reduced, volatilization loss of ruthenium and molybdenum elements at high temperature is inhibited, and stoichiometric accuracy and structural uniformity of a final product are guaranteed.

The invention provides a method for obtaining reaction kinetic parameters based on in-situ infrared spectroscopy, which comprises the following steps: in a chemical reaction process, carrying out on-line detection on a reactant A by adopting an in-situ infrared spectrometer to obtain a curve of the absorbance of the reactant A along with time change, and obtaining a corrected molar absorption coefficient K'according to a formula 1-1; performing linear fitting on the changing curve of the reactant A according to a formula 1-2 to obtain a reaction series n of the reactant A and a corrected rate constant k '; the reaction series n of the reactant A at different temperatures and the corrected rate constant k'are obtained, linear fitting is conducted on lnk 'along with the change trend of 1 / T according to formulas 1-3, and the activation energy Ea and the corrected pre-exponential factor A' are obtained. According to the method provided by the invention, the influence of factors such as interval sampling and human factors is avoided, the calculation is simple, the obtained data is accurate, and the applicability is wider.

A separation membrane for separating hydrogen and a gas L, in which an activation energy Ep(S) (kJ / mol) of a permeance P(S) (mol / (m2·s·Pa)) of hydrogen through the separation membrane derived within a range of a temperature Tam (° C.) satisfying Formula (1-I) described below and an activation energy Ep(L) (kJ / mol) of a permeance P(L) (mol / (m2·s·Pa)) of a gas L (provided that hydrogen is excluded) through the separation membrane derived within the same temperature range satisfy Formula (1-II) described below: 5 (° C.)≤Tam (° C.)≤200 (° C.) (1-I)|Ep(L)|<|Ep(S)| (1-II). There can be provided a separation membrane for separating and recovering hydrogen, a separation membrane laminated body, a separation module or separation tower, a hydrogen recovery system, and a method for separating and recovering hydrogen, which enable safe and highly efficient separation and recovery of hydrogen from a mixed gas composed of molecules having relatively close dynamic molecular diameters even when a supply pressure is relatively low, including separation and recovery of hydrogen from a hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas.

Various aspects of this disclosure relate to methods to lower the activation energy of the cannabinoid decarboxylation reaction by performing the decarboxylation reaction in the gas phase. In some specific embodiments, the method relates to the decarboxylation of a cannabinoid performed in a short-path distillation apparatus or a thin-film distillation apparatus.

The method is for homolytic and heterolytic cleavage in molecules of gases and liquids with the release of bonding energy and its use to change the internal geometric architecture of some molecules, leading to the synthesis of new chemical compounds that are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, with the secondary release of energy during the synthesis process, without carrying out nuclear reactions on equipment for its realization, characterised by an increase in the energy of the work environment and use of this energy to generate thermal energy with simultaneous synthesis of new chemical compounds, in consequence of the physical effect of a standing pressure wave on the gas and liquid molecules at various temperatures, where the temperature is a measure of activation energy, and subsequent dissociation of the molecules into atoms or fragments of molecules (radicals), partial ionization of atoms and subsequent transformation of the bonds in atoms of the molecules with no change to atomic number but with a change to atomic mass and in the proton-neutron ratio. The method also consists in the direct conversion of neutron mass into the mass equivalent to the total mass of 1 electron and 1 proton that do not go beyond the framework of the electrodynamic interaction of electrons and the nucleus, which ensures the absence of radiation, where the method also consists in the transformation of an atom into a chemical molecule or the reverse transformation of 1 electron and 1 proton into 1 neutron from the volume, where these elementary particles can be free, with external exchange of energy and mass equalling the mass with a positive charge and equal to the reduction in the mass of the neutron and proton. The method furthermore consists in a back reaction to the physical effect consisting in the formation of new chemical compounds that are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, with the release of the energy produced during the process of recombination of atoms into the original molecules, where the execution of the proposed method takes place through a combination of initial influences, such as for example: 12 C 1 H 4=16 Ne=16 O, while the method further consists in rearranging the architecture of some molecules without changing the atomic number, mass number, atomic weight as a reaction to a physical impact, during which new chemical compounds are synthesized, including those that they are not contained in the initial gases and liquids, while the energy generated during these synthesis reactions is released, for example 14 N 2=12 C 16 O; 12 C 16 O 2=14 N 2 16 O. The proposed method is implemented by a combination of initial influences, such as:increase in temperature of up to 250° C., ideally 140° C. to 150° C.;reduction in pressure (creation of a reduced atmosphere) to-100 kPa, ideally-65 kPa;generation of standing pressure waves;electric discharge (tribostatic discharge, barrier, spark) with a breakdown voltage of 1 to 15 kV;the value of the magnetic field in the reactor based on the discharge in the gas is 70 to 120 nTl;micro-explosions;impact, impact force, at which negative acceleration at from 50,000 to 150,000 g occurs;or a combination of these influences.The apparatus for converting hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases and liquids consists ofan acceleration module, which is a piece of apparatus accelerating a mixture of gas and liquid up to a speed of 30 to 400 m / s;a deceleration module, which is a tribostatic energy generator covering 70% to 90% of the reactor's cross-section;a tribostatic generator, which consists of two electrodes which are placed side by side an on which positive and negative charges are mutually created;a reduced atmosphere zone after the deceleration module.

The invention provides a trap level measurement method considering temperature rise rate thermal stimulation current, and belongs to the technical field of insulating materials. ET is calculated according to the change relation of the peak temperature Tm along with the heating rate beta. The TSDC curve often has overlapped peaks, the parameter of a single peak is difficult to accurately extract in the TSDC curve with a single heating rate, and the method of changing beta can effectively distinguish the peaks in different dynamic processes by tracking the change track of Tm of each peak along with beta, so that respective ET is calculated respectively. According to the method, the dependence on the current peak shape is remarkably reduced, the identification and analysis capability of overlapped peaks is improved, and whether the relaxation process has single activation energy or not can be judged, so that more reliable and more accurate characterization of the trap energy level is realized.

The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting combustion activation energy of a solid fuel, and relates to the technical field of energy and power engineering. According to the main technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps of: taking burn-out historical experiment data as reference data; and inputting other real experimental data except the real burnout time in the historical experimental data into a preset burnout time calculation model, setting an activation energy initial value input model, and processing the parameter data by using the model so as to output theoretical burnout time, according to the error direction between the theoretical burnout time and the real burnout time, the initial value of the activation energy is adjusted in an inversion iteration mode till under the same fuel characteristic parameters and experimental working condition parameters of the target solid fuel sample, the initial value of the activation energy is adjusted on the basis of an activation energy target value adjusted in the inversion iteration mode; and reducing the error between the new theoretical burnout time output through model processing and the real burnout time to a preset threshold range to obtain an activation energy detection result.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage / hydrogen transport materials, and particularly relates to a magnesium-based composite hydrogen storage / hydrogen transport material and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises a steel plate base material, wherein an aluminum alloy and a magnesium-based alloy are deposited on the two sides of the steel plate base material respectively; the magnesium-based alloy is Mg2Ni1-x-yMnxCry alloy, x is greater than or equal to 25% and less than or equal to 35%, and y is greater than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 25%. The Mg2Ni powder is doped with Cr and Mn elements to form the Mg2Ni (1-x-y) MnxCry alloy, so that part of Ni elements are replaced, the dehydrogenation activation energy of the alloy is reduced in the aspects of thermodynamics and dynamics, the dehydrogenation absorption rate of the alloy is improved, and the dehydrogenation absorption thermodynamics and dynamics performance is optimized.

The application provides a sludge pyrolysis prediction method and device, an electronic device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of sludge treatment. By establishing an activation energy prediction sub-model, a pyrolysis three-phase product yield prediction sub-model and a pyrolysis gas component yield prediction sub-model, and then using corresponding training sample sets to train the activation energy prediction model, the yield prediction sub-model and the yield prediction sub-model based on the learning rate adaptive algorithm of momentum training until the minimum error condition is met, the trained activation energy prediction sub-model, the yield prediction sub-model and the yield prediction sub-model are obtained, and finally the corresponding verification sample set is input into the trained activation energy prediction sub-model, the yield prediction sub-model and the yield prediction sub-model, so that the activation energy of sludge pyrolysis, the yield of pyrolysis three-phase products and the yield of main components of pyrolysis gas can be accurately predicted.

This invention discloses a threshold switching material, a threshold switching device, and a method for preparing the same. The chemical formula of the threshold switching material is M. x D 1‑x Wherein, M is one of La, Ce, Gd, Lu, Sc, Y, Zr, Mo, Hf, W, and Ta, and D is one of S, Se, and Te, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.8. In this invention, M is selected from metallic elements, which have good conductivity. This is beneficial for increasing the driving current and reducing the randomness of conductive path formation, thereby improving the switching speed of threshold switching devices based on this threshold switching material. The unique d-orbital electronic structure of the selected M elements makes M... x D 1‑x The high crystallization activation energy results in a lower leakage current. The selected element M has an atomic number greater than 20, a small atomic diffusion coefficient, and is less prone to component segregation, resulting in high stability and thus contributing to a longer fatigue life and higher device reliability.

The invention discloses a La-containing high-entropy alloy, HEAs-La is prepared from Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and La in an amount-of-substance ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.7: 0.3 through a ball milling method, the mixed entropy is 1.73 R, the lattice distortion degree delta is 11.74%, and the La-containing high-entropy alloy contains a LaNi phase, a TiCo3 phase, a Cu2Ti phase and a FeNi phase; the particle size of the small alloy particle aggregate is 1-4 m. A preparation method of a magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material based on a La-containing high-entropy alloy comprises the following steps that ball milling is conducted on HEAs-La and MgH2, and the magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material MgH2-HEAs-La based on the La-containing high-entropy alloy is obtained; the obtained magnesium hydride hydrogen storage material based on the La-containing high-entropy alloy is applied to the field of hydrogen storage, the initial hydrogen desorption temperature is reduced to 177.20-179.68 DEG C, and the hydrogen desorption amount reaches 6.78-6.79 wt%; the hydrogen desorption amount is 6.19 to 6.20 wt%; the hydrogen absorption amount is 5.31 to 5.41 wt%; the dehydrogenation activation energy Ea ranges from 67.54 kJ mol <-1 > to 67.59 kJ mol <-1 >, and the hydrogen absorption activation energy Ea ranges from-62.30 kJ mol <-1 > to-62.35 kJ mol <-1 >.

The method comprises:-s1) determining a bainite ferrite growth rate, the bainite ferrite growth rate being proportional to the activation energy of the transformation of austenite to bainite ferrite, and the bainite ferrite growth rate being proportional to an adjustment coefficient, the free enthalpy of the bainite ferrite phase being close to the free enthalpy of the austenite phase, and the free enthalpy of the austenite phase being close to the free enthalpy of the austenite phase; the adjustment coefficient is close to zero, and the free enthalpy of the austenite phase depends on the carbon content in the austenite phase; the method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a bainitic ferrite growth rate, (2) determining a cementite growth rate at least as a function of the carbon content in the austenite phase, (3) determining values of bainitic ferrite, austenite and cementite phase fractions at the next time step based on the bainitic ferrite growth rate and the cementite growth rate, and updating the carbon content in the austenite phase based on the values of the phase fractions.

As described herein, the dark count rate (DCR) of perovskite photon-counting detectors (PCDs) was dominated by charge de-trapping from shallow traps located at the grain boundaries and surface, and the ultra-low DCR was achieved by suppressing the shallow traps by enhancing grain size and passivating film surface with diphenyl sulfide. The suppression of shallow traps made the perovskite PCDs have 100-1000 times lower DCR and much better response linearity to weak light than SiPMs. and the DCR was not sensitive to temperature due to small activation energy of charge traps. The zero-bias operating perovskite PCDs were demonstrated as γ-ray spectrum detectors with better energy resolution under 57Co source than commercial SiPMs at room temperature. At higher temperature up to 85° C. the perovskite PCDs are much superior to SiPMs by maintaining the energy resolution, showing their potential of working in harsh environment. This study discovered regular surface passivation also dramatically impact shallow charge traps, which should have implication of perovskite stability and doping.