51 results about "Ignition delay" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engines, and discloses a combustion chamber with an adjustable air entraining structure, the combustion chamber comprises a cartridge receiver structure, the air entraining structure and an adjusting structure, the cartridge receiver structure comprises a first cartridge receiver and a second cartridge receiver, the first cartridge receiver and the second cartridge receiver are connected with each other and jointly define a mounting cavity, and the first cartridge receiver is provided with a first communication part and a second communication part; the air entraining structure is provided with a communicating cavity, the communicating cavity is provided with a first opening, a second opening and a third opening, the first opening communicates with the first communicating part, the second opening communicates with the second communicating part, and the third opening communicates with the engine; the adjusting structure comprises a first adjusting assembly and a second adjusting assembly, the first adjusting assembly covers the first communicating part and is arranged on the first casing, and the second adjusting assembly covers the second communicating part and is arranged on the first casing; ignition delay and flameout of the auxiliary power device in a small state are avoided, low-frequency excitation of the flame tube in a large state is avoided, and performance degradation of the combustion chamber in an intermediate value state is avoided.

The invention provides an embedded multifunctional plasma flame stabilizer, and relates to the technical field of plasma ignition combustion supporting. The embedded multifunctional plasma flame stabilizer comprises an evaporative flame stabilizer and an embedded exciter, wherein the evaporative flame stabilizer is provided with a combustion area defined by apron boards; the embedded exciter is installed on the surface, facing the combustion area, of the apron board. The exciter is directly integrated on the inner side of the skirt board of the flame stabilizer, and the space utilization rate and the system integration degree are improved on the premise that the aerodynamic configuration and the installation mode are not changed. The discharge area of the exciter covers the backflow area, active free radicals can be generated and local heat can be released under complex and changeable conditions, the reaction activity of mixed gas is enhanced, the ignition delay time is shortened, the ignition boundary is expanded, meanwhile, atomization and mixing are improved, the combustion efficiency is improved, and flame quenching is restrained. The device has ignition assistance, continuous excitation and active thermochemical regulation and control capabilities, and is suitable for a compact combustion chamber environment.

The invention discloses a micro gas generator homogeneous mixed medicament for a safety belt and a preparation method of the micro gas generator homogeneous mixed medicament, the micro gas generator homogeneous mixed medicament is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 90-97% of green gas generating medicament particles and 3-10% of nitrocellulose medicament particles uniformly dispersed in gaps of the green gas generating medicament particles, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. By utilizing the advantages of high combustion speed and low ignition threshold of the nitrocellulose agent, the ignition delay and the combustion period of the mixed agent are shortened, the exposure time of the safety belt elbow in a high-temperature environment is shortened, the structural strength of the safety belt elbow is ensured, the problem of elbow explosion in a bonfire test is finally solved, and meanwhile, the environment-friendly characteristic of a green gas-producing agent is reserved; in addition, through the two-time charging process of the automatic production line, the mixed charging efficiency is high, and the product consistency is good.

The invention discloses an energetic material, a preparation method thereof and application of the energetic material as an initiating explosive, an explosive and a pyrotechnic compound. The chemical formula of the energetic material is MC10H18B2N6; wherein M is selected from at least one of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd; the crystal structure of the energetic material belongs to a monoclinic system, and the space group is P21 / n. The obtained energetic material has excellent stability and safety, and is green and environment-friendly. Through experimental determination, the thermal stability is greater than or equal to 120 DEG C, the impact sensitivity is greater than or equal to 40J, and the friction sensitivity is greater than or equal to 240N. Compared with an existing commercial propellant (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine), the ignition delay time of the energetic material is equivalent, the defects that fuel and an oxidizing agent are seriously mixed and the combustion efficiency is low are overcome, and the energetic material has important commercial application value in the field of green high-performance energetic materials.

The invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle engine in order to regenerate a solid particle filter in an idle mode, in which a pre-ignition is delayed in such a way that an actual ignition takes place at the point in time when a piston is in a position after top dead center in the direction of rotation of the crankshaft. Meanwhile, the injection time of fuel into the intake air in the combustion chamber of at least one cylinder is shortened, so that the air-fuel ratio lambda is increased by at least 5% from 1.

The application provides an engine cylinder pressure calculation method and an engine cylinder pressure virtual sensing system. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a hybrid control combustion model of an engine, inputting first parameters for calculation into the hybrid control combustion model, and performing the following calculation in the hybrid control combustion model: calculating in-cylinder temperature and pressure of the engine in a first stage according to the first parameters, calculating instantaneous in-cylinder local turbulent kinetic energy density in a second stage, calculating a burned gas dilution factor according to the first parameters, the burned gas dilution factor reflecting an obstruction effect of inert gas in a combustion chamber of the engine on mixing of active components, calculating a heat release rate after an ignition delay period in a third stage according to the first parameters, a fuel kinetic energy change rate and the burned gas dilution factor, and calculating a curve of engine cylinder pressure changing with a crank angle according to the heat release rate by using a thermodynamic formula.

The invention discloses a method for predicting ignition characteristics of a hydroxylamine nitrate electrically-controlled solid propellant. The method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, determining redox reaction of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the propellant according to components of the propellant; step 2, constructing an ignition theoretical model of a propellant based on a free radical reaction; 3, propellant ignition criteria are established, and an equation for solving propellant ignition characteristic parameters is deduced; 4, propellant ignition condition parameters are set; 5, judging whether the propellant generates energy to ignite or not; and 6, after the ignition requirement is met, propellant ignition characteristic parameters are calculated. The method can directly predict the ignition delay time and the energy required by ignition of the nitric acid hydroxylamine electrically-controlled solid propellant, can quantitatively evaluate the ignition characteristics of the propellant, has small error between the prediction result and the actual measurement result, has the advantages of good economical efficiency, high efficiency and the like compared with a test means, and is suitable for popularization and application. And a large amount of test time and trial-and-error cost can be saved.

The invention relates to an experimental device and method for preventing a quadratic type cloud explosive bomb from fire channeling. The device comprises a cloud explosive bomb main body which is a hollow pipe containing central initiating explosive and cloud explosive fuel, an upper end opening is detachable, and a plurality of notch grooves are distributed in the inner side wall of the cloud explosive bomb main body. The central tube is filled with the porous material, the inert explosion suppression dust is uniformly dispersed in pores of the porous material, and explosion flame propagation of the central initiating explosive is inhibited under the combined action of the porous physical structure and the chemical explosion suppressant, so that the fire channeling phenomenon is prevented. The center initiating explosive is tightly connected with the detonator, and the detonator is fixed through a center initiating detonator plug. And the ignition delay system is used for controlling the initiation time sequence of the central primer detonator and the secondary primer detonator. The method can prevent the fire channeling phenomenon of the cloud explosive bomb, so that the damage power of the cloud explosive bomb is improved, and the method has the advantages of being simple in process, easy to operate, low in cost and suitable for batch production.

A control system (200), a method (600), and computer software (208) for controlling an engine (102) and an electric machine (106) of a vehicle (1). The method (600) comprises: receiving (606) a first input signal indicative of an engine idle torque requirement (TA) during engine idling; comparing (610) an instantaneous torque requirement (TA or TA+TB) with a reference engine idling torque (TC) associated with use of a base ignition retardation value; and outputting a control signal (612, 616, 618) to control output torque of the engine in dependence on the comparison, wherein if the instantaneous torque requirement (TA or TA+TB) is less than the reference engine idling torque (TC), the control signal requests (612) the reference engine idling torque (TC) with the base ignition retardation value, and the control system is configured to control the electric machine (106) to impose a retarding torque on the engine (102) to generate electrical energy, thereby reducing a net torque.

The application discloses a preparation method of a core-shell structure nickel-aluminum-boron composite fuel, and comprises the following steps: S1, target material treatment: selecting a target material with a proper size, polishing the target material before use, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on the target material with anhydrous ethanol and acetone for 10 minutes, and placing the target material into a sputtering chamber after drying; S2, powder laying: grinding boron powder, and then uniformly laying the boron powder on a glass substrate with a proper size; S3, vacuumizing and pretreating a reaction chamber; S4, sputtering coating; and S5, detecting the modified amorphous boron coated with aluminum. The method is simple, controllable, safe, low in cost and suitable for industrialized scale production. The composite boron powder obtained by the method has an amorphous boron powder as a core and a nickel-aluminum coating layer, has a short ignition delay time, is high in combustion efficiency, and can be directly used as a boron-based energetic material.

The invention discloses an asymmetric runner integrated exhaust manifold of an automobile exhaust system and a cold start ignition control method, and relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust systems. The exhaust manifold and an engine cylinder cover are integrated, and the exhaust manifold comprises a manifold body, an asymmetric branch flow channel set, an integrated thermal coupling structure, a waste gas confluence cavity, a temperature collecting module and a sealing structure. The asymmetric branch runner group is adaptive to the exhaust characteristics of each cylinder, so that airflow interference and heat loss are reduced; the integrated thermal coupling structure conducts heat with cylinder cover waste heat through water jacket flow adjustment, and the waste gas temperature is increased; and the temperature acquisition module acquires temperature data in real time and transmits the temperature data to the ECU to realize closed-loop control. According to the cold start ignition control method, rapid ignition of the aftertreatment device is achieved through working condition recognition, temperature feedback, thermal coupling flow adjustment and air-fuel ratio and ignition advance angle cooperative adjustment. The problems that in the prior art, cold start ignition is delayed, emission exceeds the standard, and fuel economy is poor are solved, ignition time is shortened by 18-25 seconds, cold start emission is greatly reduced, and the method adapts to national sixth B and above emission laws and regulations and has good mass production feasibility and application value.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature coke ignition time measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring high-temperature coke ignition time delay. The device for measuring the ignition time delay of the high-temperature coke comprises a plane flame burner, an image acquisition unit and a data processing unit, in the plane flame burner, a top preset section of a central powder feeding pipe extends into a hearth; the image acquisition unit is used for acquiring a motion trail diagram that coke particles output by the top preset section are gradually heated to be on fire; and the data processing unit is used for performing brightness data extraction according to the motion trail diagram to obtain ignition time, and taking the time interval from the time when the coke particles are output into the hearth from the top preset section to the ignition time as ignition time delay output of the high-temperature coke. According to the invention, the technical problem that only the ignition delay of normal-temperature pulverized coal can be effectively measured and the high-temperature coke with a certain temperature cannot be accurately measured in the prior art is solved.

The application provides a combustion system for mixed combustion of carbon-free fuel and coal powder, which comprises, from inside to outside, a hydrogen combustion device, a methanol combustion device, a nozzle concentration and dilution separator and a coal powder combustion device which are coaxially sleeved, and an ignition device. High-speed rotational flow hydrogen gas sprayed by a hydrogen gas nozzle of the hydrogen combustion device aerodynamically atomizes methanol sprayed by a methanol nozzle of the methanol combustion device, and a dilute coal powder gas flow separated by concentration and dilution is introduced into a central high-temperature zone by the jet entrainment effect of the nozzle concentration and dilution separator, so that the hydrogen gas-methanol-coal powder is sequentially ignited. The application solves the problems of ignition delay and unstable combustion during mixed combustion of multiple fuels, realizes fuel staging and flue gas recirculation through structural optimization, significantly reduces the generation amount of NOx and carbon dioxide emission, so that the hydrogen gas, methanol and coal powder are efficiently and cooperatively combusted, and low nitrogen emission and high burnout rate are simultaneously achieved. The application further provides a boiler.

The invention discloses an ignition and flameout modeling combustion chamber testing device and system and a flame characteristic research method, and belongs to the technical field of gas turbine combustion chamber testing. The test device comprises a combustion chamber, a swirler assembly, a fuel nozzle and a plurality of igniter mounting ports respectively corresponding to key flow field positions such as an inner backflow area, a main backflow area and an outer backflow area. A tower-type cyclone or a rotary sliding arc exciter can be selected as the cyclone assembly, and a gas supply system, an oil supply system, an ignition system and an optical test system are integrated in the test system. The method comprises the following steps of: igniting by using different igniters or at different positions, capturing a flame development process by utilizing high-speed imaging, and performing flame mode diagnosis by combining image processing, flame mode diagnosis based on a non-dimensional number, POD, DMD and other methods. Influences of different ignition modes and ignition positions on a flame propagation path, an ignition success rate, ignition delay, flame stability and lean-burn ignition limit and internal physical mechanisms thereof are systematically analyzed.

The invention discloses a testing device and method for simulating coupling ignition of forest fire heat radiation and flying fire particles in a boundary region to ignite liquid fuel. Comprising a flying fire particle simulation system, a heating sheet loading system, a heat radiation generation system, a fuel pool loading system, an environmental wind simulation system, a water bath heating / cooling system, a thermal characteristic parameter measurement system, an image data measurement system, a high-speed infrared measurement system and the like. According to the method, the physical process of igniting the combustible liquid by coupling the flying fire particles and thermal radiation in the forest-town boundary fire can be accurately reproduced; the dynamic characteristics, including critical evaporation rate and ignition heat flow of liquid fuel under the coupling action of different flying fire particles and thermal radiation, and ignition delay time, ignition temperature and other key parameters when the ignition heat flow is greater than a critical threshold value, of the combustible liquid storage tank in a boundary region can be quantitatively studied; and basic data support is provided for risk assessment and prevention and control strategies of the forest fire ignition liquid storage tank in the boundary region.

A battery pack having an ignition delay structure including one or more battery modules, a housing accommodating the battery modules, a cooling portion configured to cool the battery modules as a coolant flows, and a spray portion configured to spray the coolant to the battery modules is provided.

The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engine control, and discloses a combined control system and protection method for a hydrogen-rich gas internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps: acquiring operating parameters of the internal combustion engine in real time, the operating parameters at least comprising a gas source hydrogen concentration value, an average cylinder temperature, a vortex exhaust temperature and a current output power; and through a'priority decoupling 'strategy, after lambda reaches a lean-burn stability limit, the variable is forcibly locked, and seamless switching to EGR combustion speed reduction and ignition phase delay is achieved. The combustion speed of hydrogen-rich gas fuel is reduced through EGR, ignition delay resists the fast combustion characteristic of hydrogen to restrain detonation pressure, a proper ignition advance angle is matched according to different hydrogen concentration values, lambda and EGR rates, and the problems that only by adjusting the excess air coefficient, the system is extremely prone to death under the hydrogen-rich working condition, the lean burn limit can be touched due to the fact that lambda is increased for cooling, and the combustion efficiency is low are solved. And combustion is unstable, and the defect that the combustion speed of hydrogen is too high and knocking occurs due to the fact that lambda is reduced for stable combustion is overcome.

The invention discloses an electrolyte fire sensitivity experiment method, and relates to the technical field of fire protection, and the method comprises the steps: setting a plurality of ignition sources according to the concentration data of a gas-liquid mixture, carrying out the ignition according to the energy gradient from low to high, and generating the minimum ignitable energy and the ignition source parameter data; carrying out an ignition experiment on the minimum ignitable energy and the ignition source parameter data, recording flame propagation speed, ignition delay and combustion duration, and generating combustion process time sequence data; arranging and analyzing the time sequence data of the combustion process, calculating a fire sensitivity index, and repeating experiments under the conditions of different cavity temperatures, ventilation speeds, electrolyte volumes and ignition source types to generate multi-condition fire sensitivity data; and sorting and analyzing the multi-condition fire sensitivity data to generate a fire sensitivity evaluation result. The method provides a scientific decision basis for safety assessment and electrolyte design.

The invention provides a powder fuel ramjet rotary detonation engine with double combustion chambers. The powder fuel ramjet rotary detonation engine comprises a center cone shaft, a pre-combustion chamber and a detonation main combustion chamber. The central cone shaft comprises a shunting part and a storage part; the shunting part is of a pointed cone structure; the storage part is used for storing combustion powder; the end, close to the storage part, of the pre-combustion chamber surrounds the storage part, and a first air inlet channel is formed between the pre-combustion chamber and the storage part. A pre-combustion cavity surrounds one end, deviating from the storage part, of the pre-combustion chamber; the detonation main combustion chamber comprises a main body part and a flow guide part; a second air inlet channel capable of guiding incoming flow is formed between the main body part and the pre-combustion chamber, and a main combustion cavity is formed in front of the flow guiding part. The two combustion chambers, namely the pre-combustion chamber and the detonation main combustion chamber, are arranged, the pre-combustion chamber conducts pre-combustion on powder to increase the temperature of powder fuel, reduce the thickness of an oxide layer, shorten ignition delay time and improve the activity of the powder fuel; the detonation main combustion chamber is used for organizing rotary detonation combustion of the powder fuel with the activity improved.

The invention discloses a control method and system for self-adaptively adjusting hydrogen combustion, belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine control, and solves the technical problem of abnormal combustion phenomena of preignition and knocking. The method comprises the steps that the exhaust valve is controlled to be closed in advance, the negative valve overlap angle is achieved, part of waste gas is internally recirculated, water spraying of the air inlet channel is controlled in a coupled mode, and therefore the too high hydrogen combustion rate is restrained, the ignition delay period is prolonged, and the knocking and preignition probability is reduced. Specifically, the engine load is obtained in real time; when the load of the engine is larger than or equal to 10% and smaller than 40%, the working condition is a medium and small load working condition, the ignition delay period is prolonged only by controlling an exhaust valve to close intercepted waste gas in advance, and meanwhile the hydrogen preignition phenomenon is relieved; when the load of the engine is larger than 40% and smaller than or equal to 100%, the working condition is a large-load working condition, on the basis that an exhaust valve is controlled to be closed in advance, the temperature in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is reduced by controlling water sprayed into each air cylinder, and therefore the conditions of preignition and detonation of the internal combustion engine are eliminated.

The application discloses a kind of test device and test method for measuring front and rear stage fuze ignition delay time, test device includes simulation cabin section, probe, control console, oscilloscope, the measured fuze is installed in simulation cabin section, simulation cabin section is equipped with probe in front and rear two ends, probe is connected oscilloscope by wire, oscilloscope is connected control console, control console is connected measured fuze product by long-distance control cable.Testing method includes setting test equipment output, measured fuze product power on, product release, ignition output, delay time measurement.This test device is composed of test tooling and commonly used test equipment, tooling is convenient to make, equipment is simple to operate, and test device cost is low;This test device and test method are a kind of new test method, solve the safety factor problem of equipment and person in test process, also solve the problem that specific test is limited by test environment;The ignition delay time of measured fuze is accurate, can be accurate microsecond level.

This invention relates to a simplified method for combustion mechanisms based on reaction molecular dynamics, belonging to the field of combustion dynamics simulation technology. The method first constructs an ammonia-hydrogen combustion system model using Materials Studio software; secondly, it uses the C / H / O / N potential function and performs multi-condition simulations using LAMMPS software; then, it extracts key reaction pathways and core species through reaction trajectory analysis, and removes secondary species and reactions based on species reaction frequencies, constructing a simplified combustion mechanism model; finally, it verifies and optimizes key parameters such as laminar flame velocity and ignition delay time using Chemkin-Pro software under multiple conditions. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional combustion mechanism simplifications that rely on empirical judgment, revealing the essence of combustion reactions at the atomic scale. While ensuring prediction accuracy, it significantly reduces the computational complexity of the mechanism, providing theoretical support for a deeper understanding of combustion dynamics mechanisms and guidance for the efficient organization and optimization of combustion processes.

The utility model discloses an ammonia and hydrogen mixed pulverized coal MILD combustion system which comprises a boiler, an ammonia fuel inlet and a hydrogen fuel inlet are formed in the lower middle portion of the boiler, and the hydrogen fuel inlet is located below the ammonia fuel inlet. The ammonia fuel inlet is connected with an ammonia supply system, and the hydrogen fuel inlet is connected with a hydrogen supply system; and an SCR denitration device is arranged at the tail part of the boiler. According to the utility model, flameless combustion and ammonia combustion are combined, so that low-nitrogen combustion of NH3 is expected to be realized; hydrogen is mixed, water vapor is generated through combustion, the volume fraction of NOx can be reduced to 10 <-5 >-10 <-4 >, and the combustion stability is ensured by reducing the ignition delay time of ammonia flames, improving the flame speed of ammonia laminar flow and improving the heat release rate; the system disclosed by the utility model can be applied to various occasions such as fire coal, fuel gas and biomass power generation, and has the characteristics of high combustion efficiency, less pollutant emission and the like.

The invention discloses a 4, 4 '-azo-1, 2, 4-triazolyl spontaneous combustion metal-organic framework material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of spontaneous combustion metal-organic framework materials. The chemical formula of a structural unit of the 4, 4 '-azo-1, 2, 4-triazolyl spontaneous combustion metal-organic framework material is C8H4CuN14 or C8H4CoN14, and the C8H4CuN14 belongs to a 1D chain structure and is crystallized in a P-1 space group of a triclinic system; the C8H4CoN14 belongs to a 2D network structure and is crystallized in a P-1 space group of a triclinic system. The HMOF disclosed by the invention can spontaneously ignite with fuming nitric acid, and the ignition delay time is short; the combustion performance of the propellant can be improved; the nitrogen content of the obtained HMOF is high, and the combustion energy of the solid propellant can be improved, so that the coordination polymer can be applied to the solid propellant as a spontaneous combustion fuel.

The application discloses a self-ignition limit estimation method and device of a full-flow afterburning cycle engine, and relates to the technical field of engines, to solve the blank of the calculation of the self-ignition limit of the full-flow afterburning cycle engine in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: performing three-dimensional numerical simulation on the self-ignition process of the full-flow afterburning cycle engine, and determining a target self-ignition limit working condition range; constructing a self-ignition index based on ignition delay data, pure mixed gas temperature and total gas flow; and matching the self-ignition index and the target self-ignition limit working condition range to obtain the self-ignition limit. The application is used for realizing the calculation of the self-ignition limit of the full-flow afterburning cycle engine.

The invention discloses a gasoline alternative fuel-based knock prediction method, system and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: selecting the components of gasoline alternative fuel, and obtaining the gasoline alternative fuel matched with the physical property parameters of target gasoline according to the physical property parameters of the target gasoline; the ignition delay time under different working conditions is calculated, an ignition delay time database is formed to train an ANN neural network model, a trained neural network model is obtained, a knock prediction subprogram is written to be coupled with engine one-dimensional simulation software, and a quasi-dimensional knock prediction model is established; and the operation condition parameters of the engine are input into the quasi-dimensional detonation prediction model, ignition delay time is obtained through calculation of the detonation prediction subprogram, spontaneous combustion of the mixed gas is judged according to the Liventage-Wu integral of the ignition delay time, and a detonation index is output. Engine performance analysis and optimization can be carried out, the whole machine test process does not need to be repeated for many times, and the research and development cost is greatly saved.

The invention discloses a propellant ignition parameter test device and method, and relates to the field of solid propellant ignition, and the propellant ignition parameter test device comprises a closed container, a groove, an opening shell, an optical window, a thermocouple, a pressure sensor, an airflow dissipation device, an ignition wire / calibration inflation valve and directly-subordinate parts. The test device measures the ignition parameters of the solid propellant under the real ignition condition, wherein the ignition parameters comprise the ignition temperatures of the propellant under different ignition powder and ignition airflow washout; ignition of the propellant is delayed under different ignition powder and ignition airflow scour; and the gas production rate is dynamically changed in the period from ignition to stable combustion. The test device is simple in structure, can test multiple ignition parameters in the propellant ignition process, and provides solid support for engine ignition performance design and optimization.

The invention discloses an energy storage explosion venting method, system and equipment and a storage medium, which are applied to the technical field of energy storage safety and thermal runaway protection.The method comprises the steps that the hydrogen concentration safety range of energy storage explosion is determined, and according to the gas production rate of a single battery cell, the size of an energy storage system and the combustible gas concentration of gas generated during thermal runaway, the energy storage explosion is determined; converting the safety range of the hydrogen concentration into a safety number range of thermal runaway of the battery cell; the operation state of each battery cell is monitored in real time through a battery management system, and after it is monitored that the number of the battery cells with thermal runaway reaches a safe number range, an ignition device arranged in an energy storage system is controlled to continuously ignite after preset ignition delay time till explosion occurs and an explosion venting plate is opened. Accurate control over the ignition time of the energy storage system is achieved, impact force generated by explosion can just open the explosion venting plate without damaging the energy storage system, the possibility of larger explosion of the energy storage system is reduced, and explosion damage is reduced.

The invention relates to a method of controlling a spark-ignition engine (1) equipped with an exhaust treatment system comprising a particulate filter (7) and a three-way catalyst (6) by controlling the injection of fuel into a combustion chamber (8) of the engine (1) and by controlling the ignition of an air-fuel mixture present in the combustion chamber (8) of the engine (1). The fuel injections include one or more sequences of fuel injections that include injections centered on top dead center, the injections being triggered to create ignition delays in a sufficiently enriched mixture to create fine particle deposits in the exhaust treatment system.

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring ignition delay of a solid propellant based on multi-modal data. According to the method, laser is used as an ignition source, images, temperature, characteristic spectrum radiation intensity and pressure fluctuation signals in the solid propellant combustion process are synchronously collected, and four independent ignition delay time data are obtained through processing. On the basis, a Dempster-Shafer evidence theory framework is adopted, and nonlinear correlation analysis and fusion are carried out on the multi-mode ignition delay time data. And obtaining correlation coefficients among the data sources through a basic probability distribution function, and finally obtaining the fused ignition delay time with high confidence through an evidence theory synthesis rule. According to the invention, multi-dimensional panoramic observation of the ignition process is realized, a multi-feature criterion with a clear mechanism is provided, the accuracy and robustness of measurement are remarkably improved, a standardized and universal solution is provided, and the system is high in integration level and good in automation degree.