The invention discloses a test device for high-pressure combustible gas leakage spontaneous combustion and shock wave induction ignition. The whole test device comprises a test gas bottle, a nitrogen gas bottle, a high-pressure ventilating pipeline, a pressure stabilization valve, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure gauge, a vacuum pump, a high-pressure storage tank, a pressure transducer, an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) pressure sensor, a photoelectric diode, a rupture disk clamp (in which a rupture disk is arranged), downstream pipelines, a schlieren, a high-speed camera, a protection box, an air compressor and the like. The device can be used for (1) researching the influence of factors, such as different leakage pressures, shapes, lengths and diameters of different downstream pipelines, the gas initial temperature, a breakage shape of the rupture disk and obstacles outside an orifice, on the spontaneous combustion ignition, and further completing a spontaneous combustion ignition mechanism; (2) researching a shock wave induction ignition process and disclosing a shock wave induction ignition mechanism and influence factors thereof; (3) realizing the visible research on spontaneous combustion ignition and shock wave induction processes.