950results about How to "Lower activation energy" patented technology

The present invention describes a method and apparatus for forming a uniform silicon containing film in a single wafer reactor. According to the present invention, a silicon containing film is deposited in a resistively heated single wafer chamber utilizing a process gas having a silicon source gas and which provides an activation energy less than 0.5 eV at a temperature between 750° C.-550° C.

An all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery containing a novel garnet-type oxide serving as a solid electrolyte. The garnet-type lithium ion-conducting oxide is one represented by the formula Li_5+XLa₃(Zr_X, A_2-X)O₁₂, wherein A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Y, Nb, Hf, Ta, Al, Si, Ga, Ge, and Sn and X satisfies the inequality 1.4≦X<2, or is one obtained by substituting an element having an ionic radius different from that of Zr for Zr sites in an garnet-type lithium ion-conducting oxide represented by the formula Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂, wherein the normalized intensity of an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern with a diffraction peak, as normalized on the basis of the intensity of a diffraction peak, is 9.2 or more.

A heat exchange structure including a primary face including non-through holes formed in the face. The inner surface of the holes and the surface of the primary face outside the holes are covered with nanoparticles. The inside of the holes have a non-wettability property relative to a given liquid and the surface of the face between the holes have a wettability property relative to the liquid.

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device is configured to store at least two bits of data in a single cell utilizing the variable resistance characteristic of a MTJ. The MTJ includes a soft and two fixed magnetic layers with fixed field directions oriented in perpendicular directions. The soft magnetic layer is separated from the fixed layers by insulating layers preferably with different thicknesses, or with different material compositions. The resulting junction resistance can exhibit at least four distinct resistance values dependent on the magnetic orientation of the free magnetic layer. The cell is configured using a pattern with four lobes to store two bits, and eight lobes to store three bits. The resulting cell can be used to provide a fast, non-volatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with high density and no need to rewrite stored data after they are read, or as a fast galvanic isolator.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-liquid absorbing rate micro-nano structure polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein the membrane is prepared by polymer material being packed on a support frame. The method comprises the following steps of: by being processed, the polymer membrane has a micro-nano structure, forms holes with micron level and nanometer level, and forms a netty distribution hole structure with the nanometer holes of the support frame; and the polymer which is crossly linked layer by layer is packed on the special support frame to form a special netty micro-nano structure polymer electrolyte membrane. The polymer membrane of the micro-nano structure can absorb large numbers of electrolyte, greatly increase liquid-absorption rate, and improve the affinity of diaphragm to the electrolyte; the netty micro-nano structure leads the electrolyte to be kept in the membrane well, leads lithium ion in the polymer electrolyte membrane to be evenly distributed, leads the concentration to be to balanced, and lead the current density in the battery to be evenly when discharging electricity; and the special support frame guarantees the mechanical capability of the membrane. The preparation technology of the polymer electrolyte membrane has simple route and easily obtained raw material, can be operated under a normal condition, and does not need harsh production environment. The polymer lithium ion battery prepared by the membrane has good electrochemistry capability.

A preparation method of a polycarboxylate high-performance water reducer, under the protection of an inert gas and under the action of an oxidation-reduction initiation system and a chain transfer agent, the active macromonomer A (methallyl poly Oxyethylene ether), small molecule monomer B (methacrylic acid or acrylic acid) and small molecule monomer C (sodium methacrylate, sodium propylene sulfonate or sodium styrene sulfonate) are prepared by copolymerization in water. The invention adopts a highly active oxidation-reduction initiation system, which can increase the polymerization reaction rate, lower the polymerization temperature and shorten the reaction time, and the polymer has an ideal molecular structure. The water reducing agent prepared by the invention has excellent properties such as high water reducing rate, good dispersibility, no loss of slump over time, and high concrete strength; at the same time, the method of the invention adopts copolymerization reaction in water, the preparation process is simple, and it also has green Environmental protection, low energy consumption, low cost and other characteristics.

Method and Apparatus for A Post Exposure Bake Of A Resist In a Method for patterning a chemically amplified resist layer, the resist layer is provided on a substrate, the resist layer comprising resist molecules in a first state with a first solubility. Predetermined regions of the resist layer are exposed to a first radiation to generate a catalytic species in the exposed predetermined regions of the resist layer. The resist layer is exposed to a second radiation and resist molecules in the predetermined regions of the resist layer are converted from the first state into a second state with a second solubility, the conversion of a resist molecule being catalyzed by the catalytic species, and the activation energy of the catalyzed conversion of the resist molecule being lowered by the absorption of the second radiation in the resist molecule. The resist layer is developed with a predetermined developer.

The invention relates to a supported bimetallic catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs and a preparation method and application thereof. The supported bimetallic catalyst takes titanium dioxide as a carrier, a first active component as ruthenium dioxide, a second active component as any one of magnesium oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide or cerium oxide and is capable of accelerating the catalytic oxidation efficiency on the VOCs through the concerted catalysis effect between the two active components. Compared with a commercial supported palladium-platinum catalyst, the supported bimetallic catalyst disclosed by the invention is lower in cost and higher in universality, achieves the complete oxidation temperature of multiple VOCs between 170 DEG C and 250 DEG C, is superior to the commercial supported palladium-platinum catalyst in integral property and very high in final reaction product CO2 selectivity and has preferable application prospect.

An activated catalyst for the rapid decomposition of H₂O₂ is provided wherein a porous high surface area catalyst base, e.g. a zeolite molecular sieve (ZMS) is impregnated or doped with a solution of metal cation salts and an ionic promoter, dried and calcined to form an activated catalyst. Such activated catalyst, in the form of a porous monolith or chunks, extrudate, pieces, pellets, or spheres, can be poured into and confined, in a tight pack, in a cavity of a rocket housing, downstream of a pressurized H₂O₂ tank. The H₂O₂ is flowed through the catalyst and undergoes rapid decomposition into steam and O₂ and flows out the propellant nozzle of such rocket. Advantages of such activated catalyst are that it can be employed to rapidly decompose H₂O₂ to propel a) a mono-propellant rocket, b) a bipropellant rocket (having fuel and a combustion chamber) and c) a hybrid rocket (powered by H₂O₂ and fuel grain) and can also be used for a starter cartridge decomposition catalyst, a gas generator decomposition catalyst and the like. Another benefit of the activated catalyst of the invention is its low weight which is highly suitable in small flightweight rocket systems.

The present invention relates to biodiesel oil preparing process, and provides one biodiesel oil preparing process with solid acid and solid alkali as catalyst to lower the activating energy and raise the reaction speed. The biodiesel oil preparing process includes the following steps: reacting dried grease with high free fatty acid content, methanol or ethanol, and cosolvent in the molar ratio of 1 to 6-1 to 6.05 in the first fixed bed reactor with solid catalyst A at 60-65 deg.c for about 3 hr; separating the oil phase from others; reacting the oil phase in the second fixed bed reactor with solid catalyst B with methanol or ethanol and cosolvent at 60-65 deg.c for about 3 hr; distilling out methanol or ethanol and cosolvent; separating the biodiesel oil from glycerin phase; and distilling the biodiesel oil phase to obtain biodiesel oil product. The catalyst of the present invention has high catalytic activity and can lower the activating energy and raise the reaction speed.

The invention discloses a polycarboxylic water reducer with viscosity reducing and slump retaining functions, and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building materials. The polycarboxylic water reducer is prepared through the following steps: free radical polymerization of an unsaturated polyether monomer I, an unsaturated block modified polyether monomer II, an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester, an unsaturated phosphate ester monomer, a chain transfer agent, an oxidant, a reducing agent and deionized water in an aqueous solution at 15-30 DEG C, addition of an alkali solution to adjust the pH value, and water supplementation. The water reducer can meet the requirements of the water-reducing and slump-retaining performances of high-strength concrete, and also can greatly reduce the viscosity of the concrete and significantly improve the working performances of the high-strength concrete, so the problems of fast slump loss and excessive viscosity of existing polycarboxylic water reducers are solved. The preparation method can be carried out at normal temperature without a heat source, so the preparation method has the advantages of simple production device, reasonable process, simplicity in operation, high production efficiency, and suitableness for industrial production and promotion.

The invention relates to a porous carbon coated ferrous silicate lithium anode material and a preparation method thereof. Polyethylene glycol is adopted as a pore forming agent, gel is formed by the hydrolytic condensation of tetraethoxysilane, and the polyethylene glycol is pyrolyzed to form continuous frames and penetrated macropore/mesoporous port channels in the calcining process of a precursor, wherein the average pore size of the macropore is within 0.5 to 3.9mu m, the average pore size of the mesopore is within 18 to 40nm, and the average porosity is within 57.2 to 71.9 percent. A three-dimensional network structure is formed by the hydrolytic condensation of the tetraethoxysilane, thereby reducing the migration distance in the crystal lattice recombination process and the activation energy required by migration, being beneficial to reducing the reaction temperature and shortening the reaction time and producing the product which has high phase purity and accords with the stoichiometric ratio. The porous structure increases the specific surface area of the material, not only is beneficial to the infiltration of electrolyte in particles, improves the deintercalation probability of lithium ions inside crystals and the utilization ratio of the lithium ions, but also prevents the crystal grains from growing in the calcining process and aggregating in the charging and discharging process and improves the electrochemical property of the anode material.

A process for synthesizing silicon nitride powder by atmospheric pressure combustion includes such steps as proportionally mixing Si powder with catalyst, adding silicon nitride for activating and combustion reaction. Its main product is Si3N4.

A rare-earth contained super-stable Y zeolite is prepared from the super-stable Y zeolite containing sodium oxide (3-5 wt.%), rare-earth compound and water in wt ratio of 1:(0.001-0.5):(1-10) through preparing solution of rare-earth compound, mixing and the said Y zeolite, and grinding with shearing stress of at least 10 kg/cm2 for at least 1 min. Its advantages are higher hydrothermal stability, high stability of activity, and high resistance to sodium and heavy metal pollutions.

The invention discloses a highly adaptive ultralong-slow release slump-retaining agent and a normal and low temperature preparation method thereof. Mainly, polyether macromonomer, unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, unsaturated carboxylic ester monomer, unsaturated phosphate ester monomer, unsaturated amide monomer, oxidant, reducing agent, chain transfer agent and deionized water carry out freeradical polymerization by aqueous solution at the temperature of 5-25 DEG C, after sodium hydroxide solution is then added to regulate pH value, water is then replenished, and thereby the slump-retaining agent is prepared. The preparation method does not need a heat source, reaction is carried out under normal and low temperatures, equipment is simple, the operability is high, the production efficiency is high, the prepared slump-retaining agent has ultralong slow release capability, slump can be retained for a long time, the adaptability is high, and the performance is excellent.

In a method for regenerating s catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) via active NO2-based regeneration with enhanced effective NO2 supply, a NOx containing gas is introduced into the DPF, and a temperature of at least one of the DPF, the NOx containing gas, and soot in the DPF is controlled while control Sing NOx levels at an inlet of the DflF so that the NOx containing gas reacts with the catalyst to form N 02 molecules that thereafter react with soot particles to form CO, CO2, and NO molecules and a N02 efficiency is greater than 0.52 gC/gNO2 and so that less than two thirds of the soot mass that is removed from the DPF is oxidized by 02 molecules in the gas to form CO and CO2 molecules.

The invention discloses a micro-combustor, which comprises a bluff body, two preheating channels and a combustion chamber, wherein the preheating channels and the combustion chamber are all plate-shaped; the cross section of the bluff body is triangular or circular; the bluff body is arranged at an inlet of the combustion chamber; the ratio of the width of the bluff body to the width of the combustion chamber is 0.3-0.6; the two preheating channels are both L-shaped and are respectively arranged at upper and lower sides of the combustion chamber; and outlets of the preheating channels are both communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber. By using the micro-combustor, the defect of the prior art is overcome. By preheating and catalyzing fuels and air (when a non-pre-mixing combustion mode is adopted) or the pre-mixture of the fuels and air (when a pre-mixing combustion mode is adopted), the energy used for igniting is lowered, the igniting delay time is shortened and the exhaust heat loss is reduced. Besides, a low-speed high-temperature recirculation region formed behind the bluff body is utilized to fully mix the fuels and air, prolong the gas retention time and stabilize the flame. The micro-combustor can be used for efficiently expanding the stable combustion limit and increasing the combustion efficiency and can be widely applied to various micro-power systems.

The invention discloses a method for treating heavy-metal-containing wastewater by an external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis technology, and belongs to the fields of water treatment technologies and recycling. In the method, the heavy-metal-containing wastewater is pretreated or not pretreated and then introduced into an external electric field reinforced micro-electrolysis reactor to be treated, a micro-electrolysis filler is filled in the reactor and is put in an external electric field with certain intensity, and micro-electrolysis reaction is promoted and reinforced through the reinforcing effect of the external electric field, so that metal ions in the wastewater are reduced into metal simple substances on the surface of the filler, and effluent can meet the requirement of the wastewater emission standard or can be directly recycled in the production process. The method has the advantages of high reaction speed, removal rate, recycling efficiency and environment compatibility and the like.