The invention provides a self-heating
shaft furnace and a method for preparing
phosphoric acid by using the self-heating
shaft furnace through a
kiln method.The
shaft furnace comprises a furnace body and a
phosphorus gas pipeline, the furnace body comprises an overflow chamber, a
combustion chamber and a reduction chamber, and the method for preparing the
phosphoric acid comprises the steps that green
pellets with the P2O5 content larger than or equal to 5% and an external
reducing agent are mixed and then continuously added into the reduction chamber; during operation from top to bottom, indirect heat exchange is carried out between the
flue gas and high-temperature
flue gas reversely flowing from bottom to top outside the partition wall, and
phosphorus-containing
coal gas and residual
tailings are formed after carbon thermal reduction reaction; the
phosphorus-containing
coal gas returns to the
combustion chamber for
combustion to provide heat for the reaction process; the discharged P2O5-containing
flue gas is subjected to heat
recovery, washing and condensation to generate
phosphoric acid and
tail gas; and residual
tailings are discharged out of the reduction chamber after being cooled, and the residual
reducing agent is recycled. The method not only realizes complete isolation of the reduction zone and the
oxidation zone, solves the problem of direct utilization of medium-low-grade
phosphorite, but also effectively recycles the
heat energy of the phosphorus-containing
coal gas, the prepared phosphoric acid is good in quality, and compared with an electric furnace phosphoric acid process, the external
heat supply energy consumption can be reduced by 20-50%.