440 results about "Puncturing" patented technology

A data communication method and system for uniform arbitrary puncturing of parity bits generated by an encoder. The parity bits are stored in a buffer, and an a-bit accumulator is incremented to a predetermined initial value. For each parity bit in the buffer, the following steps are performed: the accumulator is incremented by a predetermined increment value, and if the accumulator overflows, the parity bit is selected for transmission. The predetermined initial value and the predetermined increment value are selected to achieve a desired amount of puncturing. In a further hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) communication method and system, the parity bits are generated by a low density parity check (LDPC) coder.

In a preferred application, e.g., the repair of vaginal prolapse after relocation of the vagina and any organs displaced by the prolapse, corrective surgery is initiated by applying a hollow tubular element, formed to forcibly insert a barbed anchor attached to a distal end of a first length of suture, without any incision, from the inside of the vagina through the vaginal wall (the supported tissue) into selected support tissue within a patient's pelvis. This involves puncturing and thus locally severe physical distressing of both the supported tissue and the support tissue. The barbed anchor is left in the support tissue as the tubular element is then withdrawn from the support tissue and out of the vagina, leaving the proximate end portion of the suture extending through the vaginal wall into the vagina. A second such anchor, with a second length of suture attached thereto, is similarly inserted adjacent to the first anchor. The proximate end portions of the sutures are tied to each other inside the vagina, to thereby secure the vaginal wall to the support tissue with corresponding punctures formed in each by the insertions of the two anchors being thereby held in respective, precisely aligned, intimate contact during healing. This results in a pair of fused scars that cooperate to permanently bond the vaginal wall locally to the support tissue. If the sutures and/or the anchors are made of absorbable material they will all eventually disappear and the fused scars will provide the permanent bonding. If the anchors are made of non-absorbable material they may remain where located. A plurality of such paired fused-scar bonds may be generated, at the surgeon's discretion, to ensure adequate support for the repaired vagina. The apparatus and method can be readily adapted to similarly effect deliberate, local, beneficial bonding between other adjacent living tissues in a patient.

The invention relates to a microsampler puncturing system for collecting a body fluid from a body part, comprising a sample collection unit having a piercing element, and a puncturing instrument having a drive, by which a sample collection unit is movable on a movement path for piercing the piercing element into the skin of the body part and withdraw it again by means of a piercing and retraction movement, a setting device for setting the puncturing depth of the piercing wound to be generated, and a control device for controlling the piercing and retraction movement having the following sequentially executed movement phases: a forward phase (V), in which the piercing element is pierced up to a defined puncturing depth (dm), a retraction phase (R1), in which the piercing element is partially retracted by a retraction distance (Δd) and is decelerated toward the end of the retraction phase (R1), so that it remains projecting into the skin at a defined residual puncturing depth (dr), and a collecting phase (S), in which the piercing element projects into the skin and a body fluid sample is absorbed by the sample collection unit. The setting device is adapted for the defined puncturing depth is settable independently of the chronological mean <dr> of the defined residual puncturing depth (dr), with reference to the collecting phase.

Provided are a transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus and methods of puncturing and depuncturing of parity bits. The transmitting apparatus includes: a zero padder configured to pad at least one zero bit to input bits; an encoder configured to generate a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding with respect to the bits to which the at least one zero bit is padded; a parity interleaver configured to interleave LDPC parity bits constituting the LDPC codeword; and a puncturer configured to puncture at least a part of the interleaved LDPC parity bits based on a pre-set puncturing pattern.

A lancet device includes a housing with a cantilever spring extending therein and defining a lancet having a puncturing end on the cantilever spring. An actuator extends within the housing through an opening at the forward end. The actuator includes an interfering engagement with the cantilever spring. Movement of the actuator into the housing through the forward end pivots the cantilever spring against its relaxed condition and then releases the engagement with the cantilever spring, thereby permitting the cantilever spring to pivot the lancet structure to an extended position with the puncturing end extending through the forward opening, and to return to the relaxed condition retracting the puncturing end back within the housing.

The cerebrospinal fluid piercing drainer includes a piercing unit and an external draining unit. The piercing unit includes piercing needle, piercing sheath, guide wire and draining pipe. The piercing needle and the outside piercing sheath are made of stainless steel material and are used in piercing; the flexible guide wire of plastic-steel material with shape memory function is used in replacing the piercing needle; the draining pipe of soft silicone gel is used in replacing the piercing sheath and draining. During piercing, the piercing needle and the outside piercing sheath are first pierced into proper position, the piercing needle is then withdrawn and the guide wire is penetrated through the piercing sheath, and the piercing sheath is finally withdrawn and the draining pipe is fed along the guide wire to the cavity to be drained or fed to cerebral side room or even farther position under the monitoring with DSA. The draining pipe has external end connected to the draining unit.

An ultrasound imaging diagnosis apparatus and a method for supporting safe and exact puncturing operation into a target region in a living body of a patient are provided. In the ultrasound imaging diagnosis apparatus, a regions setting unit sets a target tumor region for puncturing and blood vessel regions and organ region that are located near the tumor region based on the volume data acquired by 3-D scans on the object. To avoid insertions into the blood vessel regions and organ region, a puncturing needle position detecting unit detects the tip position and the inserting direction of the puncturing needle at just before and during insertion into the object. An expected inserting position calculating unit calculates an expected inserting position and an insertion error region to the tumor region based on the tip position data, inserting direction data and characteristic data of the puncturing needle. A puncturing navigation data generating unit generates a puncturing navigation data by composing the tumor region data, the organ region and blood vessel regions data, and the data relating to the expected inserting position and the insertion error region.

The invention relates to a medication infusion set of the type having a flexible cannula adapted for subcutaneous placement, in combination with an insertion, or puncturing, device comprising an insertion needle extending through the cannula and beyond the outer tip thereof, the insertion device further comprising a shield adapted to cover the insertion needle when the latter is withdrawn from the cannula. More specifically, the invention provides a fully integrated shield member having a position in which it covers the cannula and the needle when the insertion device is connected to the housing, a position allowing the cannula to be inserted when the insertion device is connected to the housing, and a position in which the shield covers the needle and the outer tip thereof when the insertion device has been removed from the housing. By this arrangement the need for a separate cover to protect the needle prior to use can be dispensed with.

The invention discloses a microneedle array chip comprising metal microneedles and a substrate, wherein the microneedle consists of a needle head with a tip at its top, a needle bar and a needle seat, and is fixed onto the substrate via the needle seat; and the needle bar of the metal microneedle, having a cylindrical or conical shape, is inclined toward the substrate at a preset angle, and the needle head has a conical shape, or the upper surface of the tip is an oval plane or oval ring plane parallel to the substrate or inclined toward it at a preset acute angle. The metal microneedles in the microneedle array chip of the invention have firm structures to avoid fracture, and have sharp tips to facilitate puncturing. The maximal puncturing depth of the microneedles is easy to adjust and control. The microneedles in the array have good uniformity, and are safe and reliable to use. The hollow microneedles, like conventional syringe needles, have lateral openings, and thus can effectively avoid the blockage of the infusion poles by skin, thereby facilitating rapid diffusion and absorption of drugs, and resulting in significant therapeutic effects.

Apparatus and methods store data in a non-volatile solid state memory device according to a rate-compatible code, such as a rate-compatible convolutional code (RPCC). An example of such a memory device is a flash memory device. Data can initially be block encoded for error correction and detection. The block-coded data can be further convolutionally encoded. Convolutional-coded data can be punctured and stored in the memory device. The puncturing decreases the amount of memory used to store the data. Depending on conditions, the amount of puncturing can vary from no puncturing to a relatively high amount of puncturing to vary the amount of additional error correction provided and memory used. The punctured data can be decoded when data is to be read from the memory device.

A system for treating an occlusive region of a blood vessel comprises: a catheter outer tube forming a lumen for inflation of a centering balloon; a catheter inner tube lined with either internal spiral threads or point slots to assist controlled guidewire movement; and a rotatable guidewire that may be solid or hollow. The guidewire comprises a rotatable body and a proximal shaft. The rotatable body has two components: a distal rotating head and a proximal rotating shaft, wherein these components are of equal length and the rotating shaft resides within the proximal shaft. Linear force applied to the proximal shaft will result in the rotational guidewire tip puncturing cutting through an occlusion. In an alternative embodiment, the guidewire rotatable body comprises two mechanical rings and a compression spring, wherein when the spring is released via depression of a button, the guidewire tip drills through an occlusion.

The invention discloses a three-layer coextrusion heat shrinkage resin film, a production method and an application method. The-three layer coextrusion heat shrinkage resin film is produced by taking PE(LDPE, HPPE, LLDPE, mPE), EVA, PP, PA and EVOH resins as the main materials which are matched with a functional master batch and adopting a production method of one-step huffing. The largest transverse and longitudinal shrinking rates of the product can reach 60 percent and 85 percent; the largest shrinking force of the product can reach 2.0N/cm. The shrinking rate and the shrinking force of the product can be controlled and adjusted by controlling various technical parameters to lead a package to be firm and endurable. The packaged objects are pertinently led to reach the anti-rust, anti static, illumination-resistance, anti-aging, anti-puncturing, anti-low-temperature, anti-isolation, anti-bacteria and anti-degradation effects and the like by adjusting the material composition and mixture ratio of each layer. The three-layer coextrusion heat shrinkage resin film is used for replacing the traditional paper box wrappage to reduce the packaging cost. The mechanical properties are good, the pertinence is strong, the materials are saved; when the three-layer coextrusion heat shrinkage resin film is used, the shrinking temperature is low, the power is saved and the packaging cost is saved, thus effectively reducing the production cost and having extremely high application value.

A tissue penetrating instrument of the type used in the medical field and which may or may not be embodied in the form of an obturator associated with a trocar assembly, wherein the instrument includes an elongated shaft having a penetrating tip mounted on one end thereof. The penetrating tip includes a base secured to the one end of the shaft and a distal extremity spaced longitudinally outward from the base and formed into an apex which may be defined by a point or other configuration specifically structured to facilitate penetration or puncturing of bodily tissue. The apex may be substantially aligned with a linear extension of the central longitudinal axis of the shaft or alternatively, may be spaced laterally outward or off-set from the central longitudinal axis of the shaft. The penetrating tip further includes an exterior surface extending continuously between the apex and the base and configured to facilitate puncturing of the tissue and an enlargement of an access opening formed in the tissue, in a manner which facilitates separation of the tissue and minimizes cutting, severing or otherwise damaging the contiguous bodily tissue surrounding the access opening.

A method for encoding a rate-compatible block Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. The method includes designing specific LDPC codes for a predetermined number of coding rates, and generating a pruning pattern by comparing information node degrees of the predetermined number of LDPC codes; matching check node degrees of the predetermined number of LDPC codes; generating a predetermined number of puncturing patterns according to the check node degree when the matched check node degree is calculated; determining whether a first condition given for the generated puncturing patterns is satisfied; and determining the generated puncturing patterns as rate-compatible puncturing patterns when the puncturing patterns satisfy the first condition.

A family of low density parity check (LDPC) codes is generated based on a mother code having a highest code rate. The low density parity check (LDPC) codes include a codeword size of at least 1344. The LDPC codes also include a plurality of parity bits in a lower triangular form. The mother code is constructed by: selecting m number of rows and n number of columns; setting maximum column weights and row weights; designing a protograph matrix based on the set column weights and row weights and selected m and n; and selecting circulant blocks based on the protograph matrix.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for puncturing of structured low density parity check (LDPC) codes. A method for wireless communications by wireless node is provided. The method generally includes encoding a set of information bits based on a LDPC code to produce a code word, the LDPC code defined by a matrix having a first number of variable nodes and a second number of check nodes, puncturing the code word to produce a punctured code word, wherein the puncturing is performed according to a first puncturing pattern designed to puncture bits corresponding to one or more of the variable nodes having a certain degree of connectivity to the check nodes, and transmitting the punctured code word

LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code size adjustment by shortening and puncturing. A variety of LDPC coded signals may be generated from an initial LDPC code using selected shortening and puncturing. Using LDPC code size adjustment approach, a single communication device whose hardware design is capable of processing the original LDPC code is also capable to process the various other LDPC codes constructed from the original LDPC code after undergoing appropriate shortening and puncturing. This provides significant design simplification and reduction in complexity because the same hardware can be implemented to accommodate the various LDPC codes generated from the original LDPC code. Therefore, a multi-LDPC code capable communication device can be implemented that is capable to process several of the generated LDPC codes. This approach allows for great flexibility in the LDPC code design, in that, the original code rate can be maintained after performing the shortening and puncturing.

Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate controlling interference in a heterogeneous wireless communication environment. A Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission from an interfering base station can be punctured based upon a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Puncturing can be effectuated by applying power control. Thus, a punctured symbol or subframe can have a reduced transmit power or a transmit power set to zero. Further, the puncturing pattern can be defined on a subframe basis or on a symbol basis.

Provided are repetition apparatus and method for repeatedly transmitting and receiving a data packet using different puncturing patterns to overcome signal attenuation and fading in a high speed mobile environment by repeatedly transmitting the duplicated information bit sequences with parity bits having a different puncturing pattern after channel-encoding the duplicated information bit. The repetition apparatus for repeatedly transmitting a data packet, includes a dual data generator for generating duplicated information bit sequences identical to each of information bit sequences to transmit, a channel encoder for dividing each of the duplicated information bit sequences into a plurality of information bits, and generating coded data packets alternately having a plurality of parity bits according to different puncturing patterns for each of the divided information bits, and a transmitter for transmitting the generated coded data packets sequentially.

A method of symbol combining and incremental redundancy for link adaptation and code space management was proposed. In order to reduce constraints on the Walsh codes allocation, MCS level change, as well as frame duration change for the initial transmission and re-transmissions, a “rate matching” stage is proposed between the Turbo encoder and block interleaver on the transmitter. In the initial transmission, the Turbo encoded symbols are interleaved with or without any puncturing or repeating (i.e. puncture/repeat factor is set to 1). The coded symbols are also stored in the memory for possible retransmissions. In the re-transmission, the transmitter first determines the number of Walsh codes available for this user and MCS level and frame duration according to the C/I feedback values from MS. The stored coded symbols are then punctured or repeated according to “rate matching factors”. On the receiver side, “rate matching factors” can be derived from the number of code channels, MCS level and frame duration of current re-transmissions and initial transmission. Then, de-puncturing/de-repeating is performed before coded symbol combining. A similar rate matching based IR/symbol combining scheme can be used to design different IR using different rate matching algorithms. It has low implementation complexity and is easily made backward compatible.

A method for puncturing a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC). The method includes a) setting a codeword length and the total number of bit nodes to be punctured; b) selecting a check node (or check nodes) with highest priority excluding check nodes completely checked in a current round; c) selecting a bit node (or bit nodes) with a highest priority excluding bit nodes completely checked among bit nodes connected to the selected check node (or check nodes); d) determining whether the selected bit node is a bit node to be punctured, that is, it is not systematic, not set by a puncturing prohibition flag; e) puncturing an associated bit node if the selected bit node is the bit node to be punctured, setting unpunctured bit nodes connected to the selected check node by a puncturing prohibition flag, decreasing the number of remained bit nodes to be punctured by 1 and increasing the number of connected punctured node of associated check node by 1; f) determining whether the number of remaining bits to be punctured is greater than 0; and g) returning to step b) if the number of remaining bits to be punctured is greater than 0, and ending a puncturing process if the number of remaining bits to be punctured is not greater than 0.

The intervertebral disc contains no blood vessels. Nutrients and waste are diffused mainly through adjacent vertebral bodies. As we age, calcified layers form between the disc and vertebral bodies, blocking diffusion. The disc begins to starve and flatten. The weight shifts abnormally from disc to the facet joints causing strain and back pain. Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid is produced causing acidic irritation and unspecific pain. A U-shaped disc shunt is delivered into and sealed within the degenerated disc simply by needle puncturing and withdrawal, to draw nutrients from bodily circulation into the avascular disc. A continual supply of nutrients increases biosynthesis of the water-retaining sulfated glycosaminoglycans, hence swelling pressure within the disc. The weight is re-shifted from the facet joints to the regenerated disc, alleviating back pain. With oxygen transported through the shunt, anaerobic production of lactic acid is minimized. In addition, the residual lactic acid is expelled through the U-shaped shunt during disc compression into bodily circulation to alleviate unspecific pain.

A method is provided for puncturing a low density parity check (LDPC) code decoded by a parity check matrix that is expressed by a factor graph including a check node and a bit node, being connected to each other at an edge, and includes a parity part having a dual diagonal matrix with a single 3-weight column and the remaining columns being 2-weight columns. The method includes generating a puncturing pattern such that bits of the LDPC code are punctured in an order of a bit mapped to a column with a higher weight from among the columns constituting the parity part; and puncturing the LDPC code according to the generated puncturing pattern.

The present invention is a lighting system for providing illumination to an aircraft evacuation slide. Light sources are safely utilized with an existing evacuation slide, a substantial improvement over prior assemblies that use a hard, plastic housing enclosing the light source. The invention increases light transmission, eliminates housing cracking, inadvertent puncturing, clouding, and decreases weight and cost of conventional slide systems. Each assembly comprises a mounting surface and a printed circuit board thereon, light sources, preferably light-emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the mounting surface, the light sources illuminating the aircraft evacuation slide, and a flexible containment covering, such as a heat shrink wrap that covers the assembly and protects the light sources. A protective shield can cover the mounting surface while allowing the LEDs to protrude through an aperture in the shield, protecting the LEDs from damaging forces while allowing light to illuminate the landing area.

The present invention relates to a method for receiving a data by an adaptive code rate over a wireless network. First, a first data packet and a second data packet both corresponding to an identical portion of the data are encoded and received by a first puncturing matrix. If the results of the decoding of the first data packet and the second data packet are both failures, the first data packet combines with the second data packet into a third data packet. Then, the third data packet is decoded to obtain the data. If the result of decoding of the third data packet is still a failure, the portion of the data is encoded by a second puncturing matrix whose code rate is lower than that of the first puncturing matrix. The steps mentioned above are performed repeatedly until the portion of the data is decoded correctly.

Apparatus for selectively puncturing a moving receiver includes puncturing devices, each with two parallel puncturing wheels and a pressure wheel. A drive mechanism rotates the puncturing wheels or pressure wheel of two or more puncturing devices so that the rotating puncturing wheels engage the moving receiver to puncture the moving receiver parallel to its feed direction in the puncturing areas. A transport mechanism selectively moves the plurality of puncturing devices perpendicular to the feed direction of the receiver. A controller receives a job specification including two or more specified puncture locations and causes the transport mechanism to laterally position two or more of the plurality of puncturing devices to puncture the moving receiver in the specified puncture locations. A rotatable turret with various shaft segments can be arranged so that perforating devices can be moved on and off the shaft segments.

Various embodiments are described for adaptive puncturing techniques.

A rate matching method is provided for a mobile communication system that performs an adjustment to a code rate based on an optimal level by puncturing or repetition to respective bit streams of transport channels. The rate matching method is preferably applicable to uplink and downlink rate matching for channel coding including turbo coding, convolutional coding and the like. The rate matching method for uplink can include executing coding for bits of a transport channel, and branching off the bits into a plurality of sequences, constructing a first interleaving pattern for the plurality of sequences, constructing a virtual interleaving pattern for at least one sequence based on a mapping rule with a corresponding first interleaving pattern and calculating different bit shifting values in each column of each virtual interleaving pattern. Then, a bit position to be punctured is determined in each constructed virtual interleaving pattern using the calculated bit shifting values.

Disclosed are systems, methods, devices and kits for dispensing laundry additive materials into the drum of an automatic washing machine as that machine is used to carry out a fabric laundering operation. To bring about such dispensing of additives, a lidded housing structure is placed within the drum of an automatic washing machine, an insert, containing one or more laundry additives in each compartment, is placed within the lidded housing structure, the lid is closed and the machine is run through the several stages of its laundering cycle. Selectively actuatable puncturing element are provided to optionally open at least one compartment of the insert upon closing of the housing structure lid, thereby dispensing the contents of that opened compartment into the washing machine drum as wash additive materials and/or to open one or more compartments of the insert later in the laundering cycle to dispense contents of those compartments into the washing machine drum as rinse additive materials. The selectively actuatable puncturing element being activated by centrifugal force arising during the spin cycle of the laundering operation. In a multiple rinse cycle laundering operation, selectively actuatable puncturing element has a track and cam that allows for the dispensing of additives into the desired rinse cycle.

A medical puncturing serves for penetrating into a bone or a cartilage. It has a shaft and a tool carrier connected with its proximal end to a distal end of the shaft. The tool carrier has a puncturing tool being a punch or a multi-fracture chisel. The tool carrier is connected at its proximal end via a freely articulated joint to the distal end of said shaft. A stop limits a laterally pivoting movement of said tool carrier to a maximum angle of 45°.